Final Review
Chem 102
Chapter 11 and 12 – saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons
 Where found, uses
 Formulas – how to tell if you have alkane, -ene, or –yne
 Trends in reactivity and reactions
 ISOMERS!!! Constitutional, cis/trans and implications of isomers
 Naming
 Cyclo compounds – structure, naming, activity
 Addition reactions – halogenation, hydration
 Polymers
 Substitution reactions
 Aromatics – structure, naming, isomers, reactions
Chapter 13 – alcohols, phenols, ethers
 Characteristics – structures, bonding, polarity
 Isomerism
 Naming
 Properties, m.p., b.p., solubility
 Reactions – dehydration
 Tests for alcohols
 Thiols – structure
Chapter 14 – aldehydes and ketones
 Structure, function, where found
 Properties – polarity
 Naming
 Isomers
 Reactions – oxidation
 Tests for aldehydes and ketones
 Tollen’s, benedict’s
 Reduction
 Hemiacetal/acetal, hemiketal/ketal – structure
Chapter 15 – carboxylic acids, esters, derivatives
 Structure, uses, where found
 Synthesis and reactions of
 Naming
 Properties of i.e. acidity of carboxylic acids
 Carboxylic acid salts
 Soaps
Chapter 16 – amines/amides
 Structure, naming, function, classification
 Properties – basicity of amines
 Reactions of
Chapter 17 – stereoisomers
 Defined, enantiomers, diastereomers, naming
 Properties, optical activity
 Use of D or L designation
 Identifying stereoisomers
 Fischer projections
 Chirality – recognition in organisms and enzymes
Chapter 18 – carbs
 Structure, functions
 Classifications – mono, di, oligo, poly, D, L
 Naming
 Hemiacetal
 Oxidation of saccharides – benedict’s
 Connections between saccharides – alpha, beta linkages
 Types of polysaccharides – starch, amylose, glycogen, cellulose
 Digestion of
 Cell recognition
 Photosynthesis
Chapter 19 – lipids
 Structure, types, classification
 Reactions – hydrolysis, digestion hydrogenation
 Fatty acids
 Triglycerides
 Properties
 Uses
 Steroids and hormones
 Vitamins
 Cell membranes