Topic 12 Earth’s Dynamic Crust and Interior
Lithosphere:
Crust:
Small Scale Crustal Changes
Law of Original Horizontality:
What are three ways that rock layers are changed?
1)
2)
3)
4)
Earthquakes and Igneous Activity, Including Volcanoes
Earthquake:
The stored energy in the ground is released as seismic waves
Focus:
Epicenter:
Fault:
Seismograph:
Seismogram:
3 Types of Earthquake Waves
1)
2)
3)
Properties of Seismic Waves
Location of an Epicenter
The epicenter of any earthquake can be found by knowing the
distance from the epicenter to three seismic stations
Process
1)
2)
3)
4)
What does the distance from one seismograph tell us?
What does the distance from two seismographs tell us?
What does the distance from three seismographs tell us?
Finding the Origin Time of Earthquakes
1)
2)
Magnitude of Earthquakes
Measure of the intensity of an earthquake
Mercalli Scale:
Richter Scale:
Tsunami:
Igneous Activity and Volcanoes
Volcano:
Volcanic Eruption:
Zones of Crustal Activity
Ring of fire:
Where are other areas of activity located?
A Model of Earth’s Interior
Scientists use seismic waves to create a model
What happens to pressure from the crust to core?
What happens to temperature from crust to core?
Zones of the Earth
Lithosphere
Thinnest layer (shell on a hard boiled egg)
2 Types of crust
1) Continental Crust:
Composition:
Density:
2) Oceanic Crust:
Composition:
Density:
*Continental Crust is Much Thicker*
Moho:
Asthenosphere:
Mantle:
Thickest layer
80% of Earth’s volume
Core:
2 Cores
1) Outer Core
Composition:
State of matter:
2) Inner Core
Composition:
State of matter:
Plate Tectonic Theory
What is a plate?
The lithosphere of the earth is made up of 12 major plates
How fast do these plates move?
Evidence of Plate Tectonics
Fossils:
Geology:
Puzzle:
The Driving Force Behind Plate Movement
The Three Types of Plate Boundaries
1) Divergent:
a.) Midocean ridges:
b.) Rift Valleys:
2) Convergent:
3 Varieties of Convergence
a.) Oceanic-Oceanic:
b.) Oceanic-Continental:
-
c.) Continent-Continent:
3.) Transform Plate Boundaries:
-
Hot Spots:
-Ex.:
Effects of Plate Tectonics
Appearance of Continents:
Features of Landmasses:
Age and Heat Patterns
Age:
Heat Patterns:
Magnetic Patterns
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