Name: ______________________________________________ Date: __________
Social Studies: Unit 2
The South (Refer to outline map for location.)
 The Southern region can be divided into smaller regions: o The South Atlantic: State Capitals:
 Delaware
 Maryland
Dover
Annapolis
 Washington DC
 Virginia
 West Virginia
 North Carolina
 South Carolina
 Georgia
(Nation’s Capital)
Richmond
Charleston
Raleigh
Columbia
Atlanta
 Florida Tallahassee o The East South Central:
 Kentucky
 Tennessee
 Mississippi
 Alabama
State Capitals:
Frankfort
Nashville
Jackson
Montgomery o The West South Central
 Louisiana
 Arkansas
 Oklahoma
 Texas
State Capitals
Baton Rouge
Little Rock
Oklahoma City
Austin
SETTLING THE REGION (Part 1- p. 170-191)
3.
waterpower- energy produced by rushing water
1.
marsh- low, wet land where cattails, tall grasses, and other similar
plants grow
2.
fall line- place where rivers drop from higher to lower land
4.
pioneer- a person who first settles a new place
5.
pass- an opening between high mountains

Name: ______________________________________________ Date: __________
 In some places in the Northeast region, the Coastal Plain is only 10 miles wide. In the South, the Coastal Plain widens reaching widths of several hundred miles.
 Because the Coastal Plain is so wide in the South, there is a lot of
fertile farmland available there.
 The first successful and lasting English colony in North America was at Jamestown, Virginia.
 Later settlements developed along the Fall Line, where the Piedmont
meets the Coastal Plain.
 The discovery of the Cumberland Gap and the building of the
Wilderness Road enabled many settlers to cross the Appalachian
Mountains.
How did the geography of the Atlantic Coast and Appalachian
region affect how it was first settled? Colonists first settled near the coast, then traveled inland on rivers. The Fall Line and the
Appalachian Mountains made it difficult to settle farther west.
How do you think interdependence among people affected the
growth of cities along the Fall Line? Settlers who pushed west of the Fall Line depended on those cities for supplies and as shipping
points for the raw materials they produced.
Physical Feature
James River
Fall Line
Site of 1 st
Affected Settlement
permanent English colony
Blocked many settlers from going west; people built mills and factories on the Fall Line.
Difficult to cross until explorers found the
Cumberland Gap
Appalachian
Mountains

Name: ______________________________________________ Date: __________
 The natural resources of the Atlantic Coast and Appalachian states provide the raw materials for the region’s leading industries.
 The Tennessee River and its tributaries have been dammed to produce
hydroelectric power.
 People build dams across rivers o to create reservoirs o to produce electricity o to control flooding o to make waterways more navigable
 Water rushing through dams provides waterpower needed to make
electricity.
 Appalachia is a top producer of coal, much of which is used to produce
electricity.
 Uses of natural resources in this region: o Soil is used to grow grasses to feed animals and to grow crops such as corn and soybeans. o Trees are used to make lumber, paper, and furniture. o Rivers and coal deposits are used to make electricity.
 Shipping and trading are two of the oldest industries in the Atlantic
Coast and Appalachian states and are still important there today.
 Auto manufacturing and high- tech businesses are newer but important industries in the region.
 Government is the leading service industry in the region.
 The region’s historic sites, culture, beaches, and parks combine to make tourism a major industry.
Why did different cities in the Atlantic Coast and Appalachian region
grow? Some grew as the shipping industry grew, and some grew when new
industries came to the region. Some cities grew as centers of government.
How do the farmers in the Atlantic Coast and Appalachian states help other people in the region earn a living in manufacturing, mining, or
service industries? Farmers provide raw materials for manufacturing and also buy manufactured goods, electricity made from coal, and services from
others in the region.

Name: ______________________________________________ Date: __________
SETTLEMENT and EARLY LIFE (Part 2- p. 200-214)
6.
slavery- making one person the property of another
7.
growing season- time during which the weather is warm enough for
plants to grow
8.
plantation- a huge farm where tobacco, cotton, rice, sugarcane, or
indigo were the main crops grown
9.
Union- the United States of America
10.
Confederacy- the Confederate States of America, a new country that was formed by the Southern states that seceded from the
Union after Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860
11.
abolish- to end
12.
secede- to leave the Union
13.
civil war- a war between groups of people in the same country
14.
import- a good brought into one country from another country
15.
export- a good shipped from one country to another
 The first Spanish explorer to set foot on what is now present day
United States was Juan Ponce de León. o In 1513 he landed near present day St. Augustine. o He named the land La Florida, which means “full of flowers” in
Spanish.

Name: ______________________________________________ Date: __________ o St. Augustine, Florida is the oldest city in the United States.
 Hernando de Soto, a Spanish explorer, and his men became the first group of Europeans to cross the Mississippi River. o The main reason Spanish people explored the Southeast and
Gulf region was to search for gold and other riches. (They never found any.) o De Soto’s group eventually claimed all of what are now the
Southeast and Gulf states for Spain.
 Due to flat land, rich soil, plenty of rain, and short mild winters, there was a long growing season in the southeastern region. o Settlers in the region began to start huge farms called
plantations where they could grow important crops. o The leading cash crops were cotton, rice, and indigo. (Indigo is a plant used to make blue dye for clothing.)
Why did many people in the South believe slavery was necessary to their
way of life?
The people in the south depended on slaves to do physical labor.
Why did the northern states and the southern states have such different views about slavery?
The North was becoming an industrial community. People moved to the cities to work in the factories. The South had an agricultural economy. They depended on slaves to work the farms.
 President Abraham Lincoln opposed the spread of slavery to new states joining the Union. o Eleven Southern states decided to secede, or leave, the Union. o These states formed their own country called the Confederate
States of America, or the Confederacy.
 Differences between the South’s agricultural economy and the
North’s industrial economy contributed to the Civil War.
 On April 9, 1865, the Confederate army surrendered.

Name: ______________________________________________ Date: __________ o Two years earlier, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation
Proclamation, an order freeing all slaves in the areas that were still fighting against the Union.
 The leading industries in the Southeast and Gulf states today are: o Farming o Food processing o Textile production o Lumber and paper o Mining
 Businesses use ships to transport goods for 2 main reasons: o They hold more cargo than airplanes do. o It’s less expensive to transport it this way.
 The population of the Southeast and the Gulf states is growing quickly because many retired people and others are moving there for the
mild climate and strong economy.
 The Southeast and Gulf states have low lying barrier islands that
protect the mainland from storms such as hurricanes.
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**You may bring your social studies textbook home as needed; however, you must have your notes and textbook with you in class at all times.**