What is communication? Definitions, theories and models

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ד"סב

Faculty of Social Sciences

Introduction to Communication: Theories and models

63-001-18

Lecturer name: Shani Horowitz-Rozen

Course: Introductory course Year: 1st year

School year: 2014-15 Semester: 1+2 Credits: 3 annual credits (lecture & section)

Office Hours: Thursday, 13:30-14:30

Office: Building 109, room 2

Office phone: 03-7384303

Email: shanihz@gmail.com

A. Course objectives and purposes:

This course will introduce the students to the central theories and models in current communication research. The course will emphasize theoretical aspects and will extend the discussion to relevant updated case studies and events The course seeks to deepen understanding of the media, including their technological and social functions, their characteristics, and their effects

B. Course Topics: 6 Major Parts

1. What is communication? Definitions, theories and models

2. Media and Society: Historical, social, economic and technological aspects

3. New media: changes and challenges.

4. The media as an institution: Society and the government

5. Mass society and mass communication: Theories of media effects

6. Persuasive communication: Advertising and public relations

C. Course Pedagogical Tools

The class lectures and exercise sections will include slide presentations, video clips, as well as discussions based on thought-provoking questions and homework readings.

D. Course Requirements and Final Grading*

1. Class presentation and active class participation: 20%.

2. Mandatory attendance in the smaller sections.

3. Doing the readings for each class.

4. Paper – (10-12 pages). Specific guidelines will be announced in class: 30%.

5. Final, end-of-course exam -- including lecture material, section discussions and bibliography:

50%.

* The presentation will include applying the weekly reading to a current event.

More details will be provided in the first class session.

* No more than 6 discrete session absences are permitted for the entire course.

* Students must receive a minimum grade of 60 in each requirement to pass the course.

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E. Course Program

Lecture topics and readings

The readings with an asterisk* are optional

What is communication? Definitions, theories and models

Lecture 1: What is Communication?

Fiske. J. (2011). Introduction to Communication Studies (3 rd ed.). NY: Routledge. (pp. 1-4)

Reserved under FIS ( 2368489)

McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail’s mass communication theory (6 th ed.). London: Sage Publications.

(pp. 1-5).

Reserved under MAC-QUA m6 ( 2382804)

Lecture 2: Between interpersonal and mass media: How do we communicate?

Knapp, L.M. & Hall, J.A. (2009). Nonverbal communication in human interaction , 7 th ed. Boston,

MA: Wadsworth Publishing. (Chapters 1 & 12 pp. 3-24, 409-439).

302.222 KNA n ( 163802) – 1 st edition, 1972

302.222 KNA n2 (226124) – 2 nd edition, 1978 – Education library

Druckman, J.N. (2003). The power of television images: The first Kennedy – Nixon debate revisited. The journal of politics , 65, 2, 559-571.

Ejournal (118968)

Lectures 3-4: Models of Communication

McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail’s mass communication theory (6 th ed.). London: Sage Publications.

(ch. 3, pp. 51-78).

Reserved under MAC-QUA m6 ( 2382804)

Turow, J. (2011). Media today: An introduction to mass communication (4 th ed.). NY: Routledge.

(pp. 7-17).

302.23 TUR m4 (2368529)

Bryant, J. & Thompson, S. (2002). Fundamentals of media effects, Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.

(Chapter 1 pp 3-20).

Reserved under BRY f2 (2361405)

Sparks, G.G. (2006). Media effects research: A basic overview, 2 nd ed. Australia: Thomson

Wadsworth. (chapter 1, pp.1-19).

Reserved under SPA m4 (2361407) – 4th edition, 2013

Carey, J. W. (1988). A cultural approach to communications, in Carey, J., Communication as culture London: Routledge. (Chapter 1, pp. 13-36).

Reserved: under CAR (329222)

& offprint (289902)

Fiske. J. (2011). Introduction to Communication Studies (3 rd ed.). NY: Routledge. (pp. 5-21)

Reserved under FIS (2368489)

Laughey, D. (2007). Key themes in media theory . NY: Open University Press. (pp. 8-12).

Reserved under LAU ( 2390718)

Media and society: Historical, social, economic and technological aspects

Lectures 5-6: Historical, Social, Economic and Technological aspects

Laughey, D. (2007). Key themes in media theory . NY: Open University Press. (pp. 33-38).

Reserved under LAU ( 2390718)

2

McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail’s mass communication theory (6 th ed.). London: Sage Publications.

(pp. 100-108).

Reserved under MAC-QUA m6 ( 2382804)

Carey, J.W. (1967). Harold Adams Innis and Marshal McLuhan, Antioch Review, 27, (pp. 5-39).

Ejournal (436918)

McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding media: The extension of man , NY: McGraw-Hill. (Chapters 1 &

2 pp 3-40).

Reserved under MAC-LUH (185000)

Sparks, G.G. (2006). Media effects research: A basic overview, 2 nd ed. Australia: Thomson

Wadsworth. (Chapter 12 pp 280-300).

Reserved under SPA m4 (2361407) – 4th edition, 2013

(*) Carey, J. W. (1992) Technology and ideology. Communication as culture , London: Routledge,

(Chapter 8 pp. 155-178).

Reserved under CAR (329222)

New media: Changes and challenges

Lecture 7: Internet: Social and technological aspects

McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail’s mass communication theory (6 th ed.). London: Sage Publications.

(pp. 151-159 – political participation, new media & democracy).

Reserved under MAC-QUA m6 ( 238 2804 )

Mayer J.D. and Cornfield, M. (2003). The New Media, in Rozell, J. M. (Ed.) Media power, media politics New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers., (pp. 297-318).

320.014 MED 2008 (1157489) – 2nd edition, 2008

Neuman, W.R., Bimber, B. and Hindman, M. (2011). The Internet and Four Dimensions of

Citizenship, in: Shapiro, R.Y. and Jacobs, L. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of American Public

Opinion and The Media (pp. 22-42). New York: The Oxford University Press Inc.

Reserved under OXF 2011 (1215396)

Lecture 8: Cultural Imperialism

McQuail, D. (2010).

McQuail’s mass communication theory

(6 th ed.). London: Sage Publications.

(pp. TBA).

Reserved under MAC-QUA m6 ( 2382804)

Steel, J. (2012). Journalism and free speech. NY: Routledge .

(Ch. 4, pp. 58-74).

323.445 STE j (2368525)

Seongcheol, K. (1998). Cultural Imperialism on the Internet, The Edge: The E-Journal of

Intercultural Relations, 1(4). http://www.hart-il.com/biz/theedge

(*) Tomlinson, J. (2002). Four Ways to Talk about Cultural Imperialism, in McQuail, D. (ed.)

McQuail’s Reader in mass communication theory (pp. 223-226). London: Sage.

Reserved under MCQ (1104710)

The Media as institution: Society and the government

Lectures 9-10: Media-Government relationships

Dennis, E.and J. Merrill (2006). Media-Government Relationship, in Dennis, E.& Merrill, J., Media

Debates,4 th ed. (pp. 20-33). New York: Longman.

302.230973 DEN m4 (1157487)

3

McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail’s mass communication theory (6 th ed.). London: Sage Publications.

(pp. 161-188 – normative theory of media & society).

Reserved under MAC-QUA m6 ( 2382804)

Turow, J. (2011). Media today: An introduction to mass communication (4 th ed.). NY: Routledge.

(pp. 70-75 – regulation by governments; *pp. 76-111 – US regulation of the media).

302.23 TUR m4 (2368529)

Nerone, J. (2011). Social Responsibility Theory, in: R.Y. Shapiro & L.R. Jacobs (Eds.). The Oxford handbook American public opinion and the media . (pp. 183-193). NY: Oxford University Press.

Reserved under OXF 2011 (1215396)

Howard, R., Grazer, B., Fellner, E. & Bevan, T.(Producers) & Howard, R. (Director). (2008).

Frost/Nixon [motion picture]. USA: Universal pictures & Imagine entertainment.

Lecture 11: The Journalistic profession

McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail’s mass communication theory (6 th ed.). London: Sage Publications.

(pp. TBA).

Reserved under MAC-QUA m6 ( 2382804)

Bennett, L. W., and Serrin, W. (2007). The Watchdog Role of the Press, in Graber, D. A. (ed.),

Media Power in Politics (pp.326-336) . Washington, D.C: CQ Press.

Reserved under MED 2007 (1138407)

Janowitz, M. (1988). The Journalistic profession and the mass media, in: Selection of articles in communication (pp. 74-86) , Jerusalem: Hebrew University. in: Culture and its creators : essays in honor of Edward Shils / edited by Joseph Ben-David and

Terry Nichols Clark

301 CUL 1977 ( 285520)

+ offprint (

284476)

(*) Dennis, E. E. & Merrill J.C. (2006). Media debates: Great issues for the digital age. (chapter 17).

Belmont, CA: Wadsworh Publishing.

302.230973 DEN m4 (1157487)

Clooney, G,, Wagner, T. & Heslov, G. (producers) & Clooney, G. (director). (2005). Good night and good luck [motion picture]. USA: Warner Independent Pictures (WIP),

Lecture 12: Elite vs. Popular press

Lehman – Wilzig, S. & Seletzky, M. (2010). Hard news, soft news. 'general' news: The necessity and utility of an intermediate classification. Journalism , 11, 1, 97-56.

Ejournal (1106357)

(*) Baum, M. A. and Jamison, A. (2011). Soft News and the four Oprah effects, in R. Y. Shapiro, and L. R. Jacobs (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of American Public Opinion and The Media (pp.

121-137). New York: Oxford University Press Inc.

Reserved under OXF 2011 (1215396)

(*) Gans, H. J. (2010). News & the news media in the digital age: Implications for democracy,

Daedalus, 39(2), 8-17.

Ejournal (142501)

Lecture 13: News: definitions, components & routines

Just, M.R. (2011). What's News: A View from The Twenty-first Century, in R. Y. Shapiro and L. R.

Jacobs (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of American Public Opinion and the Media (pp.105-120).

New York: Oxford University Press Inc.

Reserved under OXF 2011 (1215396)

4

Galtung, Y., & Ruge, M.H. (1965).

The structure of foreign news: The presentation of the Congo,

Cuba and Cyprus crises in four Norwegian newspapers, Journal of peace research , 2, 64-90.

Journal + Ejournal (118866)

& offprint (463239)

(*) Tuchman, G. (1973). Making news by doing work: Routinizing the unexpected, The American journal of dociology , 79(1), 110-131.

Journal + Ejournal (119259)

Lecture 14: Media events

Katz, E. and Dayan, D. (1985). Media events: On the experience of 'not being there', Religion , 15,

305-324.

Ejournal (132973)

Katz, E. and Liebes, T. (2007). No more peace! How disaster, terror and war have upstaged media events, International Journal of Communication , 1, 157-166.

Ejournal (2385233)

Sun,W. (2014). Media events: Past, present and future. Sociology compass, 815, 457-467.

Ejournal (2359321)

Mass society and mass communication: Theories of media effects

Lecture 15: Theories of powerful media effects

Sparks, G.G. (2006). Media effects research: A basic overview, 2 nd ed. (chapter 3, pp. 43-62).

Australia: Thomson Wadsworth.

Reserved under SPA m4 (2361407) – 4th edition, 2013

McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail ’s mass communication theory (6 th ed.). London: Sage Publications.

(pp. TBA).

Reserved under MAC-QUA m6 ( 2382804)

Turow, J. (2011). Media today: An introduction to mass communication (4 th ed.). NY: Routledge.

(pp. 120-129).

302.23 TUR m4 (2368529)

Lectures 16-18: Theories of limited media effects: uses and gratifications theory; the two step flow of communication; the structural-functional approach

Bryant, J. & Thompson, S. (2002). Fundamentals of media effects (Chapter 8). Boston, MA:

McGraw-Hill.

Reserved under BRY f2 (2361405) – 2nd edition, 2013

McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail’s mass communication theory (6 th ed.). London: Sage Publications.

(pp. 98-100 – structural – functional & neo Marxist; other theories: TBA)

Reserved under MAC-QUA m6 ( 2382804)

Laughey, D. (2007). Key themes in media theory . NY: Open University Press. (pp. 16-19).

Reserved under LAU ( 2390718)

Lazarsfeld, P.F., & Merton, R.K. (1948). Mass communication, popular taste and organization social action, in: Bryson, L. (Ed.), The communication of ideas (pp. 95-118). NY: Harper & Row.

Offprint (1115656)

Turow, J. (2011). Media today: An introduction to mass communication (4 th ed.). NY: Routledge.

(pp. 129-132).

302.23 TUR m4 (2368529)

5

Wright, C.R. (1960). Functional analysis and mass communication, Public opinion quarterly, 24,

605-620.

Ejournal (132267)

Katz, E. (1957). The two step flow of communication: An up-to-date report on a hypothesis, Public

Opinion Quarterly , 21, 61-78.

Ejournal (132267)

Rubin, A.M. (2002). The uses and gratifications of media effects. In: J. Bryant & D. Zillman (Eds.).

Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 525-548). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence

Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.

Reserved under MED 2002 (1115845)

Lectures 19-22: Moderate to powerful media effects: Agenda setting; framing; priming; the spiral of silence; Neo-Marxist approaches

Turow, J. (2011). Media today: An introduction to mass communication (4 th ed.). NY: Routledge.

(pp. 132-142).

302.23 TUR m4 (2368529)

McQuail, D. (2010). McQu ail’s mass communication theory (6 th ed.). London: Sage Publications.

(pp. TBA).

Reserved under MAC-QUA m6 ( 2382804)

McCombs, M.E., & Shaw, D.L. (1972). The agenda setting function of the mass media, Public

Opinion Quarterly, 36, 176-187.

Ejournal (132267)

Entman, R. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm, Journal of communication, 43, 51-58.

Ejournal (155002)

Scheufele, D. A. (1999). Framing as a theory of media effects, Journal of communication, 49(1),

103-122.

Ejournal (155002)

Bora, P. (2011). Conceptual issues in framing theory: A systematic examination of a decade's literature, Journal of communication . 61, 246-263.

Ejournal (155002)

Noelle-Neumann, E. (1974). The spiral of silence: A theory of public opinion, Journal of communication, 24(2), 41-51.

Ejournal (155002)

Vliegenthart, R. (2012). Framing in mass communication research – An overview and assessment.

Sociology compass , 6, 12, 937-948.

Ejournal (2359321)

Gitlin, T. (1979). Prime-time ideology: The hegemonic process in television entertainment, Social problems , 26, 251-266.

Journal

(*) Adorno, T., & Horkheiner, M. (2013). The culture industry: Enlightenment as mass communication as mass deception. In: L. Ouellette (Ed.). The media studies reader (pp. 13-30).

NY: Routledge.

302.23 MED 2013 (2368515)

6

(*) Benjamin, W. (1936). The work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction, Retrieved from the internet on May. 26, 2014: http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/benjamin.htm

(*) Nelson, Thomas E. (2011). Issue Framing, in Shapiro, R.Y. and Jacobs, L. R. (eds.). The

Oxford handbook of American public opinion and the media (pp. 189-203). New York: Oxford

University Press Inc.

Reserved under OXF 2011 (1215396)

(*) Wolfe, M., Jones, D. B. & F. M. Baumgartner, (2013). "A failure to communicate: Agenda setting in media and policy studies". Political communication , 30, 2: 175-192.

N/A

(*) Entman, R. M. (2012). Scandal and silence: Media responses to presidential misconduct.

Cambridge: Policy Press, 1-47 (chapters 1, 2).

N/A

(*) Glazier, R. A. & Boydstun, A. E. (2012). "The president, the press, and the war: A Tale of two framing agendas", Political communication , 29, 4, 428-446.

Available via Google scholar http://psfaculty.ucdavis.edu/boydstun/CV_and_Research_files/Glazier%20and%20Boydstun,%20T he%20President,%20The%20Press,%20and%20the%20War,%20Political%20Communication,%2

0Final%20Manuscript.pdf

Lecture 23: Reality construction: Social learning and Cultivation theory

Bryant, J. & Thompson, S. (2002). Fundamentals of media effects (Chapter 6, pp 108-120).

Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.

Reserved under BRY f2 (2361405) – 2nd edition, 2013

Bandura, A. (2002). Social cognitive theory of mass communication. In: J. Bryant & D. Zillman

(Eds.). Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp.121-154). Mahwah, New Jersey:

Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers

Reserved under MED 2002 (1115845)

Vidmar, N. & Rokeach, M. (1974). Archie Bunker’s bigotry,

Journal of communication , 24, 36-74.

Ejournal (155002)

Gerbner, G. (1989). Cultivation analysis: An overview, Mass communication & society, 1, 175-194.

Available via Google scholar http://www.pwsz.krosno.pl/download/gfx/pwszkrosno/pl/defaultaktualnosci/675/5/1/s08a_lk_cultivati on_overview_gerbner.pdf

Gerbner, G. and Gross, L. (1976). Living with television: The violence profile, Journal of communication , 20(2), 172-199.

Ejournal (155002)

Lecture 24: Moderate media effects: cultural – critical approaches

McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail’s mass communication theory (6 th ed.). London: Sage Publications.

(pp. TBA).

Reserved under MAC-QUA m6 ( 2382804)

Turow, J. (2011). Media today: An introduction to mass communication (4 th ed.). NY: Routledge.

(pp. 143-153).

302.23 TUR m4 (2368529)

Fiske. J. (2011). Television culture (2 nd ed.). NY: Routledge. (pp. 1-20)

791.4575 FIS t2 (2368490)

7

Fiske, J. (1986). Television: Polysemy and popularity. Critical studies in mass communication , 3,

391-408.

N/A

Liebes, T. (1988). Cultural differences in the retelling of television fiction, Critical studies in mass communication , 5, 277-292.

N/A

Radway, J. (1984). Interpretive communities and variable literacies: The functions of romance reading, Daedalus, 113, 49-73.

Ejournal (142501)

Persuasive communication: Advertising and public relations

Lecture 25: Advertising: categories, effects and cultural aspects

Schudson, M. (1984). Advertising as capitalist realism, Advertising: The uneasy persuasion (pp.

209-233). New-York: Basic Books.

Reserved: under SCHU (24238)

& offprint (353405)

*Jamieson, K. H. and Campbell, K. K. (1997). Persuasion through Advertising, The Interplay of

Influence: News advertising, politics and the mass media (pp. 215-245). Belmont, CA: Thomson

Wadsworth.

302.23 JAM i5 (546155) – 5th edition, 2001

Newsom, D., VanSlyke, J, D. Kruckenberg & Turk, J. (2006). This is PR: The realities of public relations (9 th ed.), (pp. 1-32). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth .

Reserved: under NEW (1092854) – 8th edition, 2004

Lecture 26: Summary and review for final exam

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