Study Sheet Test 3, Chapter 8-10
Thursday, April 3
Physical Geology, EEES1010
Dr. James Martin-Hayden
In addition to knowing the “Important Terms” and being able to answer the “Review
Questions” at the ends of the chapters, understand the following:
Chapter 8: Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks (pg. 168-170, 175-178)
Definition and process of metamorphism: Parent rock, heat, pressure (lithostatic and
differential), fluids
Metamorphic rocks formed from various parent rocks (from Table 8.1):
Foliated metamorphic rocks and progressive metamorphism of Shale
Metamorphic Grade
Parent Rock  Metamorphic Rock (Major minerals)
1) Low grade metamorphism of Mudrocks and Shale  Slate (Very fine-grained muscovite)
2) Low to medium grade metamorphism of Mudrocks and Shale  Phyllite (fine musc, qtz)
3) Medium to high grade metamorphism of Mudrocks and Shale  Schist (crs musc, qtz)
4) High grade metamorphism of Mudrocks, Shale and granite  Gneiss (felds, qtz, musc)
5) Very High grade met. and partial melting of Mudrocks, Shale and granite  Migmitite
Medium to High grade metamorphism of Basalt (and Gabbro)  Amphibolite (Amph, plag)
Nonfoliated metamorphic rocks
Low grade metamorphism of Limestone  Marble
Medium to high grade metamorphism of Quartz Sandstone  Quartzite
Chapter 9: Earthquakes and Earth’s Interior
Source and movement of seismic waves: Elastic rebound, focus, epicenter, body waves,
surface waves, P-wave, S-wave, S-wave shadow
Recording and locating earthquakes: Seismograph, seismogram, P-wave arrival, S-wave
arrival, P-S time interval, locating the epicenter, Mercalli intensity scale, Richter Scale
Earthquakes and Plate tectonics: Earthquakes occurring at each type of plate boundary,
global locations and depths
Chapter 10: Deformation and Mountain Building
Stress and Strain in rocks: compression, shear, and tension, elastic strain, plastic strain,
fracture (brittle strain), geologic structures: folds, joints and faults
Folds (compressive stressplastic strain and bending): Identifying structures with strikes,
dips and rock ages, axis, axial plane, anticlines, synclines, plunging folds, domes, basins
Faults (any stressbrittle strain or fracturing with movement): Identifying faults with motion
of footwall and hanging wall, fault plane, horsts and grabens
Mountain Building at convergent plate boundaries: compressive stressfolds, reverse
faults, thrust faults, shortening and thickening of the crust, orogeny