Name____________________________________
Science 8.____
Date____________
Earth History Exam 1-3 Study Guide
The test is on everything from Investigations 1 – 3
 Lab notebook pages 1-17
 Notes
Part 2: Define the following terms:
1. Grand Canyon - ______________________________________________________________________
2. John Wesley Powell - __________________________________________________________________
3. Rock sample - _______________________________________________________________________
4. Elevation - _________________________________________________________________________
5. Layer - _____________________________________________________________________________
6. Correlation - _________________________________________________________________________
7. Formation - __________________________________________________________________________
8. Rock Column - _______________________________________________________________________
9. Plateau - ____________________________________________________________________________
10. Butte - ______________________________________________________________________________
Part 3: Sedimentary Rock Types
11. Shale - _____________________________________________________________________________
12. Sandstone - __________________________________________________________________________
13. Limestone - _________________________________________________________________________
(Refer to the Limestone, Sandstone, Shale notes from 12/10 for questions 20,21, & 22.)
20. If you are observing the three types of sedimentary rocks, how can you tell the difference between sandstone and
shale?
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21. If you are observing the three types of sedimentary rocks, how can you tell the difference between sandstone and
limestone?
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22. Why do limestone rocks fizz when HCl acid is placed on them? Explain the reaction occurring.
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Part 4: Differential Erosion
23. Differential Erosion - ___________________________________________________________________
24. Which two sedimentary rocks are harder and erode more slowly?
____________________________________ and __________________________________
25. Which sedimentary rock is softer and erodes easily/quickly?
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26. If you are looking at a rock formation, how can you tell just by looking at it which rocks are sandstone/limestone or
which ones are shale? In other words, what types of shapes do limestone, sandstone, and shale form when they erode?
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Part 5: Rock Correlation Questions – Using the provided chart, answer the following questions.
Canyon A (mile 50, elevation of 4500 ft)
Canyon B (mile 87, elevation of 3900 ft)
Supai Sandstone
Tapeats Sandstone
Tapeats Sandstone
Redwall Limestone
Redwall Limestone
___Bright Angel Shale_______
Bright Angel Shale
Coconino Sandstone
(The lines above indicate the river.)
________Muav Limestone________
27. How far apart are Canyons A and B? ______________________
28. Which direction does the river flow? A to B or B to A? How do you know?
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29. If you were paddling down the river at mile 87, what type of rock would you see?
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30. If you were on the river at mile 50, and drilled a hole beneath the Bright Angel Shale, what type of rock would
you expect the find first? What evidence do you have to support your inference?
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31. Why do we see different rocks exposed at the two locations?
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