KINE 3330
Pathology and Pharmacology
Spring 2005
Study Guide – Test #1
The test will be made up of multiple-choice, short answer, and critical thinking questions.
Test questions will be taken from class notes, power points, class discussions, and chapter
reading assignments (Chapters 1-6, 10, and 13)
YOU WILL BE ALLOWED TO USE YOUR NOTEBOOK FOR TEN (10) MINUTES
DURING THE EXAM. TO MAXIMIZE THESE 10 MINUTES, YOU SHOULD HAVE
YOUR NOTEBOOK VERY ORGANIZED.
CONTENT TO BE COVERED ON EXAM:
Chapter 1 Intro to Pharmacology
drug nomenclature
drug names (i.e., chemical, generic, trade)
drug classification (OTC, prescription drugs, controlled substances)
pharmacodynamics vs. pharmacokinetics
role of FDA in drug development and approval
FDA new approval process
drug recalls
drug info sources (PDR, Drug Facts & Comparisons, etc.)
Chapter 2 Pharmacokinetic Principles
ADME process of pharmacokinetics & the effect of exercise on each phase
half-life
bioavailability
bioequivalence
volume of distribution
fat soluble vs. water soluble
routes of drug administration and their effect on absorption
passive diffusion vs. active transport
Chapter 3 Pharmacodynamic Principles
Receptor theory of drug interaction
drug interactions and adverse reactions
additive, synergistic, antagonistic, placebo
drug dosing & potency
maintenance dose vs. loading dose
Chapter 4 Medication Management in Athletic Training Facilities (covered in lab by Sarah
Marek)
Policies and Procedures for storing medications
Disposal of expired medications
Security & storage
DEA requirements
Record keeping including signatures
Repackaging of medications
Chapter 5 Drugs for Treating Infections
causes of antibiotic resistance
narrow spectrum vs. broad spectrum
what factors should be considered when selecting an antibiotic
upper respiratory infections (bacterial) vs. lower respiratory infections (viral)
antibiotics (be able to identify the more commonly used drugs in this category)
antibacterials
general adverse effects: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite,
penicillins (bactericidal)
most common: ampicillin. amoxicillin, amoxil, augmentin
drug-drug interactions
cause allergic reactions in up to 10% of patients
primary uses: urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections,
infections of the heart, syphilis
cephalosporins (bactericidal)
common: Ceclor, Rocephin, Keflex
primary uses: respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections,
skin infections
cause fewer allergic reactions than penicillins
tetracyclines
broad spectrum
use of these antibiotics have declined due to increase in bacterial
resistance
often becomes the drug of choice for patients who are allergic to
other penicillins or cephalosprorins
primary uses: Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease,
pneumonia, acne, ulcers caused by H. pylori
vibramycin (doxycycline) – one of most common
macrolides (bacteriostatic)
drug of choice for patients allergic to penicillins & cephalosporins
common: Zithromax, E-Mycin (erythromycin)
primary uses: infections of the GI, genitals, & respiratory tract
antifungals
tinea pedis (athlete’s foot) & tinea cruris (jock itch)
treated with OTC meds
tinea unguium – nail fungus
treated with oral antifungals (Lamisil solution or Lamisil tablets)
tinea versicolor
can be treated with oral or topical antifungal (1-2 weeks)
vaginal candidiasis (yeast infection)
can be treated orally (Diflucan) or topically
oral candidiasis (thrush)
treated with topical agents (1-2 weeks)
general antifungal side effects
fever, chills, rash, itching, nausea
antivirals
usually very expensive
acyclovir (Zovirax) [oral] & Penciclovir (Denavir) [topical] used to treat
fever blisters
amantadine (Symmetrel) & Rimentadine (Flumadine) – used to prevent or
lessen the severity of the flu (influenza A strain)
zanamivir (Relenza) – used to prevent or lessen the severity of the flu
(influenza A & B strains)
Chapter 6 Drugs for Treating Inflammation
NAIDs
physiology of inflammation
NSAID effects
role of prostaglandins
COX -1 and COX-2 pathways
difference between COX-2 selective NSAIDs and COX nonselective NSAIDs (be able to
list 2-3 examples of each)
adverse effects of NSAIDs
cautions associated with the use of NSAIDs
drug interactions
Corticosteroids
chemical make-up: lipid soluble hormone
general indications
routes of administration
side effects & adverse reactions (generally and by route of administration)
Chapter 10 Drugs for Treating Cold and Allergies
cough, cold & allergy products (be able to identify the more commonly used meds in
each of the categories, indications for the drugs, mechanisms of action, & common
side effects)
antihistamines
Allegra, Benadryl (dyphenhydramine) Clarinex, Claritin (causes less
drowsiness than dyphenhydramine), Zyrtec, Singular
Decongestants
Allegra D, Nasonex, Zyrtec D, Sudafed (pseudoephedrine)
expectorants mucolytics
guaifenesin
zinc
Chapter 13 Performance-Enhancing Drugs
Physiological effects (theory for using these drugs), side effects, pharmacodynamics, etc.
androgenic-anabolic steroids
human growth hormone
erythropoietin