ESM-2. Raw data ~ Body size estimates in log (g). Estimates were computed by applying family level
regression equations in Damuth and MacFadden’s Body size in Mammalian Paleobiology. Cambridge
University Press, 1990. Paleodb stands for the Paleobiology Database, available at:
http://www.paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl . NOW Database stands for New and Old Worlds Database of
Fossil Mammals, available at http://www.helsinki.fi/science/now/
Species
Aceratherium incisivum
Acerorhinus hezhengensis
Acerorhinus palaeosinensis
Acerorhinus tsaidamensis
Acerorhinus zernowi
Achaenodon robustus
Acinonyx pardinensis
Aclistomycter middletoni
Acritohippus isonesus
Acritohippus quinni
Adcrocuta eximia
Adilophontes brachykolos
Aelurodon asthenostylus
Aelurodon ferox
Aelurodon mcgrewi
Aelurodon montanensis
Aelurodon stirtoni
log mass
(g)
reference
6.041 NOW Database
6.721
Qiu Z.D.- The Middle Miocene vertebrate fauna
from Xiacaowan, Sihong, Jiangsu Province. 7.
Aplodontidae. Vertebr. PalAsiat. 25 (1987)
6.136 NOW Database
6.000 NOW Database
5.954 NOW Database
5.446 Paleodb
4.699 NOW Database
4.591 Paleodb
5.352 Paleodb
4.910 Paleodb
4.845 NOW Database
4.978 Paleodb
4.431 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
4.553 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
4.449 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
4.650 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
4.430 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Aelurodon taxoides
Aepinacodon americanus
Aepycamelus alexandrae
Aepycamelus robustus
Agriochoerus antiquus
Agriochoerus guyotianus
Agriotherium inexpectans
Agriotherium schneideri
Aguascalientia wilsoni
Albanohyus pygmaeus
Alces latifrons
Aletomeryx gracilis
Alforjas taylori
Alicornops laogouense
Alicornops simorrensis
Allohyaena kadici
Amphicyon bohemicus
Amphicyon confucianus
Amphicyon cooperi
Amphicyon galushai
Amphicyon giganteus
4.633 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
5.102 Paleodb
5.626 Paleodb
5.571 Paleodb
4.675 Paleodb
4.405 Paleodb
5.745 NOW Database
5.056 Paleodb
4.290 Paleodb
3.954 NOW Database
5.602 NOW Database
4.372 Mendoza M. et al. - Estimating the body mass of
extinct ungulates: a study on the use of multiple
regression. Journal of Zoology Volume 270, Issue
1, pages 90–101, September 2006
5.835 Paleodb
6.437 Deng T. - A new species of the rhinoceros
Alicornops from the Middle Miocene of the Linxia
Basin, Gansu, China. Palaeontology
Volume 47, Issue 6, pages 1427–1439, November
2004
5.813 NOW Database
4.875 NOW Database
5.184 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
5.398 Peignè S. et al. -A new amphicyonid (Mammalia,
Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the late middle
Miocene of northern Thailand and a review of the
amphicyonine record in Asia. Journal of Asian
Earth Sciences
Volume 26, Issue 5, April 2006, Pages 519-532
5.204 Peignè S. et al. -A new amphicyonid (Mammalia,
Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the late middle
Miocene of northern Thailand and a review of the
amphicyonine record in Asia. Journal of Asian
Earth Sciences
Volume 26, Issue 5, April 2006, Pages 519-532
5.412 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
5.477 NOW Database
Amphicyon ingens
Amphicyon longiramus
Amphicyon major
Amphicyon palaeindicus
Amphicyon tairumensis
Amphimachairodus giganteus
Amphimoschus artenensis
Amphimoschus ponteleviensis
Amphiprox anocerus
Amynodon advenus
Amynodontopsis bodei
Anchitherium clarencei
Ancylotherium pentelicum
Andegameryx serum
Anthracotherium punjabiensis
Antidorcas australis
Antidorcas bondi
Antidorcas recki
Aphelops kimballensis
Aphelops malacorhinus
Aphelops mutilis
Aprotodon fatehjangense
5.494 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
4.974 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
5.262 NOW Database
5.114 NOW Database
5.330 NOW Database
5.322 NOW Database
4.398 NOW Database
4.505 NOW Database
4.699 NOW Database
5.671 Paleodb
5.737 Paleodb
5.294 Paleodb
6.444 NOW Database
3.653 NOW Database
4.473 Lihoreau F. - A new species of the genus
Microbunodon (Anthracotheriidae, Artiodactyla)
from the Miocene of Pakistan: genus revision,
phylogenetic relationships and
palaeobiogeography. Zoologica Scripta
Volume 33, Issue 2, pages 97–115, March 2004
4.600 Raia P. et al. - One size does not fit all: no evidence
for
an optimal body size on islands. Global Ecology
and Biogeography 19, 475–484 (2010)
4.530 Raia P. et al. - One size does not fit all: no evidence
for
an optimal body size on islands. Global Ecology
and Biogeography 19, 475–484 (2010)
4.447
Kappelman J. et al. - Bovids as indicators of PlioPleistocene paleoenvironments in East Africa.
Journal of Human Evolution 32, 229–256 (1997)
6.253 Paleodb
6.000 Paleodb
6.636 Paleodb
5.906 Khan et al. - New remains og Brachypoteherium
fatehjangense from lower Siuwalik Hills, Punjab,
Pakistan. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences,
20(2), 2010, Page: 79-82
Aprotodon lanzhouensis
Aragoral mudejar
Archaeocyon leptodus
Archaeocyon pavidus
Archaeohippus blackbergi
Archaeohippus mannulus
Archaeohippus mourningi
Archaeohippus stenolophus
Archaeotherium mortoni
Arctodus pristinus
Arctodus simus
Arctonasua eurybates
Arfia opisthotoma
Arfia shoshoniensis
Arretotherium acridens
Arretotherium fricki
Arretotherium leptodus
Astrohippus stocki
Aureliachoerus aurelianensis
Austroportax latifrons
Axis eurygonos
6.041 Qiu z.X. Et al. -MAMMAL FOSSILS FROM
YAGOU, LINXIA BASIN, GANSU,
AND RELATED STRATIGRAPHIC PROBLEMS
AND RELATED STRATIGRAPHIC
PROBLEMS. Vertebrata Palasiatica 10 2004 pp .
276～296
5.048 Alcalà L. & Morales J. - A primitive caprine from
the upper vallesian of La Roma 2(Alfambta,
Teruel, Aragon, Spain). C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris t.324,
pp 947-953 1997
3.546 Paleodb
3.358 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
4.389 Janis C.M. - Correlation of cranial and dental
variables with body size in ungulates and
macropodoids. Body size in mammalian
paleobiology, Cambridge University (1990)
5.618 Paleodb
5.916 Paleodb
5.103 Paleodb
5.083 Paleodb
4.960 Paleodb
5.860 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
3.913 Paleodb
3.979 Egi N. - Body mass estimates in extinct mammals
from limb bone dimensions: the case of north
american hyaenodontids. Palaeontology Volume
44, Issue 3, (2001)
3.729 Egi N. - Body mass estimates in extinct mammals
from limb bone dimensions: the case of north
american hyaenodontids. Palaeontology Volume
44, Issue 3, (2001)
5.231 Paleodb
5.090 Paleodb
4.944 Paleodb
4.929 Paleodb
4.279 NOW Database
4.740 NOW Database
4.944
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
Baranogale adroveri
Baranogale antiqua
Barbourofelis fricki
Barbourofelis loveorum
Barbourofelis piveteaui
Barbouromeryx trigonocorneus
3.301
3.699
5.649
5.445
5.176
4.480
Bassariscus casei
3.305
Bathygenys alpha
Bathygenys reevesi
Belbus beaumonti
Birgerbohlinia schaubi
Bison antiquus
Bison bonasus
Bison degiulii
3.323
3.519
4.653
5.903
6.006
5.954
5.824
Bison latifrons
Bison priscus
Bison schoetensacki
6.015
6.000
5.795
Blastomeryx gemmifer
Bohlinia attica
Bootherium bombifrons
3.966
5.813
5.877
Borophagus diversidens
Borophagus hilli
Borophagus littoralis
4.806
4.663
4.506
Borophagus orc
Borophagus parvus
Borophagus pugnator
Borophagus secundus
Bos primigenius
4.315
4.284
4.513
4.383
6.021
NOW Database
NOW Database
Paleodb
Paleodb
NOW Database
Jams C.M. et al. - Modelling equid/ruminant
competition in the fossil record. Historical Biology:
An International Journal of Paleobiology. Volume
8, Issue 1 & 4, 1994, Pages 15 - 29
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Paleodb
Paleodb
NOW Database
NOW Database
Paleodb
NOW Database
De Giuli C. et al. - The latest villafranchian faunas
of Italy. The Pirro Nord local fauna (Gargano).
Palaeontogr Ital
74:52–62 1987
Paleodb
NOW Database
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
Paleodb
NOW Database
Raia P. et al. - One size does not fit all: no evidence
for
an optimal body size on islands. Global Ecology
and Biogeography 19, 475–484 (2010)
Paleodb
Paleodb
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
NOW Database
Bouromeryx americanus
Bouromeryx submilleri
Bouromeryx trinitiens
Brabovus nanincisus
Brachycrus laticeps
Brachyodus onoideus
Brachypotherium brachypus
Brachypotherium perimense
Brachyprotoma obtusata
Brachypsalis modicus
Brachypsalis pachycephalus
Brachyrhynchocyon dodgei
Bramatherium megacephalum
Brontops brachycephalus
Bugtimeryx pilgrimi
Buisnictis breviramus
Bunolistriodon adelli
Bunolistriodon latidens
Bunolistriodon lockharti
Bunolistriodon meidamon
Caementodon oettingenae
Cainotherium commune
4.728 Paleodb
4.665 Paleodb
4.710
Scott K.M. - Postcranial dimensions of ungulates as
predictors of boby mass. Body size in mammalian
paleobiology Cambridge University (1990)
4.886 NOW Database
5.474 Paleodb
5.940 NOW Database
6.204 NOW Database
6.297 Khan et al. - New remains og Brachypoteherium
fatehjangense from lower Siuwalik Hills, Punjab,
Pakistan. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences,
20(2), 2010, Page: 79-82
3.324 Paleodb
3.888 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
3.877 Paleodb
4.940 Paleodb
5.863 Lewis G.E. - A new Bramatheroium skull.
American Journal of Science, Vol. 237, April 1939,
P.275-280
6.589 Paleodb
4.333 Barry J.C. et al. - Oligocene and early Miocene
Ruminants.
(Mammalia, Artiodactyla) form Pakistan and
Uganda. Palaeontologia Electronica Article
Number: 8.1.22A (2005)
3.130 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
4.982 NOW Database
5.041 NOW Database
5.072 NOW Database
4.944 NOW Database
5.906 Inigo C. & Cerdeno E. - The Hispanotherium
matritense (Rhinocerotidae) from Corcoles
(Guadalajara, Spain): its contribution to the
systematics of the Miocene Iranotheriina. Geobios
Volume 30, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 243-266
6.000 Alarcón A. & Ángeles Álvarez-Sierra M. - Study of
Cainotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the
Middle
Miocene of Alameda de Osuna (province of
Madrid). Coloquios de Palaeontología, 59: 29-59
2009
Calippus cerasinus
Calippus elachistus
Calippus hondurensis
Calippus maccartyi
5.009 MacFadden B.J. & Hulbert R.C. - Body size
estimates and size distribution og ungulate
mammals from the late Miocene Love Bone bed of
Florida. Body size in mammalian paleobiology,
Cambridge University (1990)
4.690 MacFadden B.J. & Hulbert R.C. - Body size
estimates and size distribution og ungulate
mammals from the late Miocene Love Bone bed of
Florida. Body size in mammalian paleobiology,
Cambridge University (1990)
5.261 Paleodb
4.863 Hulbert R.C. - Bulletin of the Florida State
Calippus martini
Calippus placidus
Calippus proplacidus
Calippus regulus
Camelops hesternus
Camelops minidokae
Camelops traviswhitei
Camelus knoblochi
Camelus thomasi
5.145
5.081
5.149
4.573
5.787
5.932
5.975
5.740
5.700
Canis adustus
4.010
Canis armbrusteri
4.484
Canis arnensis
Canis dirus
4.477
4.802
Canis edwardii
4.337
Canis etruscus
Canis lepophagus
Canis longdanensis
4.477
4.164
4.899
Museum, Biological Sciences 33(3 1988)
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
NOW Database
Raia P. et al. - One size does not fit all: no evidence
for
an optimal body size on islands. Global Ecology
and Biogeography 19, 475–484 (2010)
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
NOW Database
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
NOW Database
Paleodb
NOW Database
Canis mosbachensis
Canis teilhardi
Capricamelus gettyi
Capromeryx furcifer
Capromeryx tauntonensis
Cardiolophus radinskyi
Carpocyon compressus
Carpocyon robustus
Carpocyon webbi
4.255
4.916
5.990
4.104
4.314
4.126
4.184
4.287
4.313
Cephalogale brevirostris
Cephalogale depereti
4.850
4.550
Cephalogale ginesticus
4.610
Ceratotherium neumayri
Ceratotherium praecox
Cervavitulus mimus
Cervavitus novorossiae
Cervavitus sarmaticus
Cervavitus variabilis
Cervus grayi
6.079
6.322
4.301
4.903
4.903
4.813
5.142
Chalicotherium grande
Chasmaporthetes kani
5.973
4.923
Chasmaporthetes lunensis
4.880
Chasmaporthetes ossifragus
Chasmaporthetes progressus
5.267
4.965
NOW Database
NOW Database
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
NOW Database
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
Otsuka H. and Shikama T. - Fossil Cervidae from
the Tou-kou-shan Group in Taiwan. Reports of the
Faculty of Science, Kagoshima University (Earth
Science and Biology), no. 11, p. 27–59 (1978)
NOW Database
Deng T. - Late Cenozoic environmental changes in
the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China) as indicated by
cenograms of fossil mammals. Vertebrata
PalAsiatica pp. 282-298 (2009)
Anton M. et al. - A complete skull of
Chasmaporthetes lunensis (Carnivora, Hyaenidae)
from the Spanish Pliocene site of La Puebla de
Valverde (Teruel).Estudios Geológicos, 62 (1)
enero-diciembre 2006, 375-388 ISSN: 0367-0449
Paleodb
Sotnikova M.V. - The genus Chasmaportetes (Hay,
1921) from the Pliocene of Russia, Ukraine,
Mongolia and Tadzhikistan. Tatarinov L.P. (ed.),
Palaeotheriology. Nauka, Moscow,
pp. 113–139 (1994)
Chilotherium anderssoni
Chilotherium habereri
Chilotherium kiliasi
Chilotherium persiae
Chilotherium primigenius
6.041
5.845
5.954
6.079
5.975
Chilotherium schlosseri
Chilotherium wimani
Chleuastochoerus stehlini
6.022
5.954
4.652
Choerolophodon corrugatus
6.471
Coelodonta antiquitatis
Coelodonta nihowanensis
6.462
6.478
Colodon kayi
Colodon stovalli
Colodon woodi
Conepatus robustus
Conohyus simorrensis
Conohyus sindiensis
4.605
4.605
4.416
3.763
4.839
4.560
Cormocyon copei
3.699
Cormocyon haydeni
3.602
Cormohipparion ingenuum
Cormohipparion plicatile
Cosoryx cerroensis
5.143
5.330
4.090
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
Deng T. - A primitive species of Chilotherium
(Perissodactyla,
Rhinocerotidae) from the Late Miocene of the
Linxia Basin
(Gansu, China).Cainozoic Research, 5(1-2), pp. 93102, November 2006
NOW Database
NOW Database
Deng T. - Late Cenozoic environmental changes in
the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China) as indicated by
cenograms of fossil mammals. Vertebrata
PalAsiatica pp. 282-298 (2009)
Morgan M.E. et al. - Comparative paleoecology of
Paleogene and Neogene mammalian faunas: bodysize structure. Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Paleoecology n 15 pp. 287-317
( 1995 )
NOW Database
Deng T. - The earliest known wooli rhino
discovered in the Linxia Basin , Gansu province,
China Geological Bullettin of China 2002 Vol. 21
No 10
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
NOW Database
Morgan M.E. et al. - Comparative paleoecology of
Paleogene and Neogene mammalian faunas: bodysize structure. Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Paleoecology n 15 pp. 287-317
( 1995 )
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Cosoryx furcatus
Cremohipparion matthewi
Cremohipparion mediterraneum
Cremohipparion moldavicum
Cremohipparion nikosi
Cremohipparion proboscideum
Criotherium argalioides
Crocuta honanensis
Croizetoceros ramosus
Cuvieronius hyodon
Cynarctoides acridens
Cynarctoides emryi
Cynarctoides gawnae
Cynarctoides lemur
Cynarctoides luskensis
Cynarctus galushai
Cynarctus saxatilis
Cynarctus voorhiesi
Cynelos lemanensis
Cynelos sinapius
Cynodesmus thooides
4.219 Janis C.M. - Correlation of cranial and dental
variables with body size in ungulates and
macropodoids. Body size in mammalian
paleobiology, Cambridge University (1990)
5.021 NOW Database
5.272 NOW Database
5.173 NOW Database
4.903
Bernor R.L. & Tobien H. - Two small
species of Cremohipparion (Mammalia, Equidae)
from Samos , Greece . Mitteilungen Bayerischen
Staatsslammlung für Paläontologie und historische
Geologie 29: 207-226. (1989)
5.352 NOW Database
5.301 NOW Database
4.893 Senyure M.S. - A study of the remains of crocuta
from the Kucukyozgat districy. PhD thesis
4.903 NOW Database
6.623 Frassinetti D. & Alberdi M.T. - Revision y estudio
de los restos fosiles de mastodontes de Chile
(Gomphoteriidae): Cuvieronius hyodon,
Pleistoceno superior. Estudios Geol., 56: 197-208
(2000)
3.466 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
3.385 Paleodb
3.424 Paleodb
3.365 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
3.378 Paleodb
3.980 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
4.000 Paleodb
3.860 Paleodb
4.653 NOW Database
5.021 Paleodb
4.046 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Cynorca occidentale
Cynorca sociale
Dama clactoniana
4.167 Paleodb
4.220 Paleodb
5.041
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
Dama mesopotamica
4.860
Damalavus boroccoi
Daphoenodon falkenbachi
4.813
5.265
Daphoenodon notionastes
4.905
Daphoenodon robustum
5.033
Daphoenodon skinneri
5.020
Daphoenodon superbus
4.947
Daphoenus lambei
Daphoenus vetus
4.778
4.847
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
NOW Database
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Paleodb
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Decennatherium macedoniae
Decennatherium pachecoi
Desmatochoerus megalodon
Desmocyon matthewi
Desmocyon thomsoni
Diceratherium annectens
Diceratherium armatum
Diceratherium cooki
Diceratherium gregorii
Diceratherium tridactylum
Dicerorhinus ringstroemi
5.903
5.954
5.311
3.903
3.841
5.986
6.316
5.400
5.912
6.072
6.764
Dicrocerus elegans
Dihoplus schleiermacheri
Dinailurictis bonali
4.653
6.079
4.228
Dinictis felina
4.360
Dinocrocuta gigantea
5.580
Dinocrocuta robusta
Dinocrocuta senyureki
Dinofelis abeli
Dinohippus interpolatus
Dinohippus leardi
Dinohippus leidyanus
5.000
5.041
5.173
5.505
4.234
5.350
Dinohippus mexicanus
Dinohyus hollandi
Diplobunops matthewi
Dolichorhinus hyognathus
Dorcabune anthracotherioides
5.398
6.257
4.445
5.624
4.690
NOW Database
NOW Database
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Arambourg C. - Vertébrés continentaux du
Miocène supérieur de l'Afrique du Nord.
Paleontologie, mem. 4:1-161 1959
NOW Database
NOW Database
Peignè S. et al. -A new amphicyonid (Mammalia,
Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the late middle
Miocene of northern Thailand and a review of the
amphicyonine record in Asia. Journal of Asian
Earth Sciences
Volume 26, Issue 5, April 2006, Pages 519-532
Van Valkenburgh B. - Skeletal and dental
predictors of body mass in carnivores. Body size in
mammalian paleobiology, Cambridge University
(1990)
Deng T. - Late Cenozoic environmental changes in
the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China) as indicated by
cenograms of fossil mammals. Vertebrata
PalAsiatica pp. 282-298 (2009)
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
Paleodb
Paleodb
Janis C.M. - Correlation of cranial and dental
variables with body size in ungulates and
macropodoids. Body size in mammalian
paleobiology, Cambridge University (1990)
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Farooq U. et al. - Lower Dentition of Dorcatherium
majus (Tragulidae, Mammalia) in the Lower and
Middle Siwaliks (Miocene) of Pakistan. Turk J
Zool
32. 91-98. (2008)
Dorcadoryx orientalis
Dorcatherium crassum
Dorcatherium guntianum
Dorcatherium jourdani
Dorcatherium libiensis
Dorcatherium majus
Dorcatherium minus
Dorcatherium naui
Dorcatherium parvum
Dorcatherium peneckei
Dorcatherium puyhauberti
Dorcatherium vindobonense
Dromomeryx whitfordi
Duchesneodus uintensis
Dyseohyus fricki
Dystychoceras foveatus
Ectocion collinus
Ectocion osbornianus
Ectopocynus antiquus
Ectopocynus intermedius
4.411 Chen Guan-Fang - Dorcadoryx Teilhard et
Trassaert, 1938 (Bovidae, Artiodactyla) from the
Bahe formation of Lnatian, Shaanxi province,
China. Vertebrata Palasiatica 4 2005
4.322 NOW Database
4.000 NOW Database
4.903 NOW Database
4.301 Pickford M. - Africa's smallest ruminant: a new
tragulid from the Miocene of Kenya and the
biostratigrapy
of East African Tragulidae. Geobios 34 (4), 437447. Villeurbanne, le 2001.
4.942 Farooq U. et al. - Lower Dentition of Dorcatherium
majus (Tragulidae, Mammalia) in the Lower and
Middle Siwaliks (Miocene) of Pakistan. Turk J
Zool
32. 91-98. (2008)
3.822 Morgan M.E. et al. - Comparative paleoecology of
Paleogene and Neogene mammalian faunas: bodysize structure. Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Paleoecology n 15 pp. 287-317
( 1995 )
4.556 NOW Database
3.778
Sanchez I.M. et al. - A New Genus of Tragulid
Ruminant from the Early Miocene of Kenya. Acta
Palaeontologica Polonica 55(2):177-187 (2010)
4.778 NOW Database
4.556 NOW Database
4.431 NOW Database
5.251 Paleodb
6.171 Paleodb
4.298 Paleodb
5.230 NOW Database
3.778 Morgan M.E. et al. - Comparative paleoecology of
Paleogene and Neogene mammalian faunas: bodysize structure. Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Paleoecology n 15 pp. 287-317
( 1995 )
3.735 Morgan M.E. et al. - Comparative paleoecology of
Paleogene and Neogene mammalian faunas: bodysize structure. Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Paleoecology n 15 pp. 287-317
( 1995 )
3.934 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
4.201
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Ectopocynus simplicidens
Eirictis robusta
Elaphodus cephalophus
Elephas antiquus
4.099 Paleodb
4.233 NOW Database
4.530 Smith F.A. et al. - Body mass of late quaternary
mammals.Ecology, 84(12), p. 3403 (2003)
6.813
Enhydritherium terraenovae
Enhydrocyon crassidens
Enhydrocyon stenocephalus
3.996
4.378
4.317
Eofelis edwardsii
4.210
Eomellivora wimani
Eotitanops borealis
Eotragus artenensis
Eotragus clavatus
Eotragus sansaniensis
Eotylopus reedi
Epicyon haydeni
4.653
4.923
4.398
4.477
4.362
4.445
4.618
Epihippus gracilis
Eporeodon occidentalis
Equus complicatus
Equus conversidens
Equus cumminsii
Equus eisenmannae
4.874
4.848
5.642
5.486
5.411
5.834
Equus fraternus
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
Paleodb
Paleodb
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Peignè S. et al. -A new amphicyonid (Mammalia,
Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the late middle
Miocene of northern Thailand and a review of the
amphicyonine record in Asia. Journal of Asian
Earth Sciences
Volume 26, Issue 5, April 2006, Pages 519-532
NOW Database
Paleodb
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
Paleodb
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Dong W. & Fang Y.S. - Fossil equids ( Mammals)
From the Tuozidong,
Nanjing (China) and its significance. Vertebrata
Palasiatica pp . 36～48
figs. 1～3 2005
4.710 Paleodb
Equus gmelini
Equus hemionus
Equus hydruntinus
Equus leidyi
Equus niobrarensis
Equus occidentalis
Equus simplicidens
Euceratherium collinum
5.544
5.462
5.462
5.240
5.727
5.790
5.678
5.698
Eucladoceros ctenoides
5.403
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Raia P. et al. - One size does not fit all: no evidence
for
an optimal body size on islands. Global Ecology
and Biogeography 19, 475–484 (2010)
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
Eucladoceros dicranios
5.403
Eucladoceros tetraceros
5.388
Eucyon adoxus
Eucyon davisi
4.035
4.018
Euoplocyon brachygnathus
Euoplocyon spissidens
Euprox dicranoceros
Euprox furcatus
Euprox margaritae
Euprox minimus
Euramphicyon olisiponensis
Eusmilus bidentatus
Euthyceros thessalicus
4.054
3.991
4.813
4.699
4.477
4.255
5.010
4.350
5.411
Floridachoerus olseni
Floridatragulus dolichanthereus
Gaindatherium browni
4.629
4.515
5.906
Gallogoral meneghinii
5.134
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
De Vos J. et al. - Early Pleistocene
Cervidae (Mammalia Artyodactyla)from the
Oosterschelde (the Netherlands), with a revision of
the cervid genus EucladocerosFalconer,
1868. Deinsea, 2, p. 21 - 95. Rotterdam. (1995)
NOW Database
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Paleodb
Paleodb
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
Athanassiou A. - Euthyceros thessalicus, a new
bovid from the Late Pliocene of Sésklo (Thessaly,
Greece). N. Jb. Geol. Palaont. Mh. f2 113-128
(2002)
Paleodb
Paleodb
Colbert E.H. - A new rhionoceros from the Siwalik
beds of India. The American Museum of Natural
History. No 749 1934
NOW Database
Gazella ancyrensis
Gazella borbonica
Gazella capricornis
Gazella deperdita
Gazella dorcadoides
Gazella emili
Gazella gaudryi
Gazella janenschi
Gazella leptoceros
Gazella lydekkeri
Gazella paotehensis
Gazella propria
Gazella schlosseri
Gazella sinensis
Gazellospira torticornis
Germanomeryx fahlbuschi
Gigantocamelus spatulus
Giraffa gracilis
Giraffokeryx punjabiensis
Gobiocerus mongolicus
Gomphotherium angustidens
Gomphotherium productum
Gomphotherium steinheimense
Gomphotherium subtapiroideum
Gomphotherium sylvaticum
Graecoryx recticornis
Gulo minor
4.146
4.380
4.342
4.362
4.362
4.431
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
Bouvrain G. - Le gisement de vertebres pliocenes
de Calta, Ankara, Turquie. 10.
Bovidae. Geodiversitas 20(3):467-485 1998
4.255 NOW Database
4.477 NOW Database
4.350 Smith F.A. et al. - Body mass of late quaternary
mammals.Ecology, 84(12), p. 3403 (2003)
4.712 Morgan M.E. et al. - Comparative paleoecology of
Paleogene and Neogene mammalian faunas: bodysize structure. Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Paleoecology n 15 pp. 287-317
( 1995 )
4.362 NOW Database
4.362 NOW Database
4.362 NOW Database
4.362 NOW Database
5.167 NOW Database
5.580 Rossner G.E. - Systematics and palaeoecology of
Ruminantia (Artiodactyla,
Mammalia) from the Miocene of Sandelzhausen
(southern
Germany, Northern Alpine Foreland Basin).
Palaontol. Z (2010) 84:123–162
6.140 Paleodb
5.930 Raia P. et al. - One size does not fit all: no evidence
for
an optimal body size on islands. Global Ecology
and Biogeography 19, 475–484 (2010)
5.559 Morgan M.E. et al. - Comparative paleoecology of
Paleogene and Neogene mammalian faunas: bodysize structure. Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Paleoecology n 15 pp. 287-317
( 1995 )
4.732
Dmitrieva E.L. - Caprinae (Bovidae, Artiodactyla,
Mammalia) from the Neogene of Mongolia.
Paleontological Journal, 2007, Vol. 41, No. 6, pp.
671–682
6.533 NOW Database
3.562 Paleodb
6.842 NOW Database
6.148 NOW Database
6.317 NOW Database
4.699 NOW Database
4.176 NOW Database
Haploidoceros mediterraneus
Helladotherium duvernoyi
Helohyus milleri
Helohyus plicodon
Hemiauchenia macrocephala
Hemiauchenia minima
Hemiauchenia vera
Hemibos galerianus
Hemibos gracilis
Hemicyon gargan
Hemicyon goeriachensis
Hemicyon sansaniensis
Hendryomeryx defordi
Hendryomeryx esulcatus
Hendryomeryx wilsoni
Heptacodon armatus
Heptacodon pellionis
Herpestides antiquus
Hesperhys pinensis
Hesperocyon coloradensis
Heteraletes leotanus
Heteromeryx dispar
Heteropliohippus hulberti
Heteroprox aralensis
Heteroprox eggeri
Heteroprox larteti
Hexameryx simpsoni
Hexobelomeryx fricki
5.000 Croitor R. et al. - Systematic revision of the
endemic deerHaploidoceros n.
gen.mediterraneus(Bonifay, 1967) (Mammalia,
Cervidae) from the Middle Pleistocene of Southern
France. Palaontologische Zeitschrift Volume 82,
Number 3, 325-346 2008
6.000 NOW Database
4.157 Paleodb
3.964 Paleodb
4.336 Paleodb
5.041 MacFadden B.J. & Hulbert R.C. - Body size
estimates and size distribution og ungulate
mammals from the late Miocene Love Bone bed of
Florida. Body size in mammalian paleobiology,
Cambridge University (1990)
5.310
Lambert D.W. - Functional Convergence of
Ecosystems: Evidence from
Body Mass Distributions of
North American Late Miocene
Mammal Faunas. Ecosystems 9: 97–118 (2006)
5.973 NOW Database
5.427 NOW Database
4.602 NOW Database
5.079 NOW Database
5.352 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
3.393 Paleodb
3.640 Paleodb
3.520 Paleodb
4.888 Paleodb
4.584 Paleodb
3.602 NOW Database
4.802 Paleodb
3.678 Paleodb
3.739 Paleodb
4.008 Paleodb
5.900 Paleodb
4.556 NOW Database
4.362 Rossner G.E. - Systematics and palaeoecology of
Ruminantia (Artiodactyla,
Mammalia) from the Miocene of Sandelzhausen
(southern
Germany, Northern Alpine Foreland Basin).
Palaontol. Z (2010) 84:123–162
4.544 NOW Database
4.681 Paleodb
4.495 Paleodb
Hipparion campbelli
Hipparion catalaunicum
Hipparion chiai
Hipparion melendezi
Hipparion mohavense
5.400 NOW Database
5.288 NOW Database
5.310 Liu T.S. et al. - Pliocene vertebrates of Lantian,
Shensi. Tertiary mammalian fauna of the Lantian
District, Shensi, Professional Papers of Stratigraphy
and Paleontology 7 (1978), pp. 149–200
5.107 Bernor R.L. et al. - Patterns of Old Word
Hipparionine Evolutionary Diversification and
Biogeographic Extension. In Lindsay et al. (eds),
European Neogene Mammal chronology. Plenum
Press, 263-319.
5.316 NOW Database
5.279 NOW Database
5.039 Deng T. - Character, Age and Ecology of the
Hezheng Biota from Northwestern China. Acta
Geologica Sinica - English Edition
Volume 79, Issue 6, pages 739–750, December
2005
5.423 Paleodb
5.111 NOW Database
5.467 NOW Database
5.512 NOW Database
5.290 NOW Database
5.332 Eisenman V. & Sondaar P. - Pliocene vertebrate
locality of Calta, Ankara, Turkey. 7. Hipparion.
Geodiversitas 20:409-439 (1998)
5.297 NOW Database
5.367 Clark J. - Certain possibilities in the field study of
Hipparion platigenis
Hipparion platyodus
Hipparion plocodus
Hipparion prostylum
Hipparion ptychodus
5.322
5.167
5.090
5.267
5.158
Hipparion sarmaticum
Hipparion tehonense
5.274
5.179
Hipparion weihoense
5.352
Hippidion principale
5.710
Hipparion coelophyes
Hipparion dermatorhinum
Hipparion dietrichi
Hipparion dongxiangense
Hipparion forcei
Hipparion forstenae
Hipparion gettyi
Hipparion heintzi
Hipparion hippidiodus
Hipparion longipes
vertebrate fossils. Journal of Paleontology, 1939
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
Zouhri S. & Bensalmia A. - Révision systématique
des Hipparion sensu lato (Perissodactyla, Equidae)
de l’Ancien Monde. Estudios Geológicos, Vol 61,
No 1-2 (2005)
NOW Database
MacFadden B.J. & Hulbert R.C. - Body size
estimates and size distribution og ungulate
mammals from the late Miocene Love Bone bed of
Florida. Body size in mammalian paleobiology,
Cambridge University (1990)
Li J. et al. - Miocene Bahean stratigraphy in the
Longzhong Basin,
northern central China and its implications in
environmental change. Science in China Series D:
Earth Sciences 2006 Vol.49 No.12 1270—1279
Alberdi M.T. & Prado J.L. - Review of the genus
Hippidion Owen, 1869 (Mammalia: Perissodactyla)
from the Pleistocene of South America. Zoological
Journal of the Linnean Society Volume 108, Issue
1, May 1993, Pages 1-22
Hippidion saldiasi
Hippopotamodon antiquus
Hippopotamus antiquus
5.420 Alberdi M.T. - Hippidion saldiasi Roth, 1899
(Equidae, Perissodactyla), at the
Piedra Museo Site (Santa Cruz, Argentina): Its
Implication for
the Regional Economy and Environmental
Reconstruction. Journal of Archaeological Science
(2001) 28, 411–419
5.708 NOW Database
6.473
Hippotherium brachypus
Hippotherium giganteum
Hippotherium microdon
5.367
5.403
5.188
Hippotherium primigenium
Hippotherium sumegense
5.438
5.362
Hispanodorcas orientalis
Hispanodorcas rodleri
Hispanodorcas torrubiae
Hispanotherium grimmi
Hispanotherium matritense
Hispanotherium tungurense
4.342
4.519
4.477
6.079
5.903
6.146
Homotherium crenatidens
5.364
Homotherium serum
5.433
Honanotherium schlosseri
6.180
Hoplictis florancei
Hoplictis grangerensis
Hoploaceratherium tetradactylum
Hoplophoneus occidentalis
4.000
4.132
5.876
4.948
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
NOW Database
NOW Database
Kaiser T.M. & Bernor R.L. - The Baltavar
Hippotherium: A mixed feeding Upper Miocene
hipparion (Equidae, Perissodactyla) from Hungary
(EastCentral Europe). Beitr. Paläont., 30:241–267,
Wien 2006
NOW Database
Bernor R.L. et al. - Stratigraphic context, systemtic
positionand paleoecology og Hippotherium
sumegense Kretzoi, 1984 from MN 10 (Late
Vallesian of the Pannonian basin). Mitt. Bayer.
Staatsslg. Palaont. Hist. Geol. 39, pp.115-149 1999
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
Deng T. - New material of Hispanotherium
matritense (Rhinocerotidae,
Perissodactyla) from Laogou of Hezheng County
(Gansu, China),
with special reference to the Chinese Middle
Miocene elasmotheres. Geobios 36 (2003) 141–150
Deng T. - Late Cenozoic environmental changes in
the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China) as indicated by
cenograms of fossil mammals. Vertebrata
PalAsiatica pp. 282-298 (2009)
Raia P. et al. - One size does not fit all: no evidence
for
an optimal body size on islands. Global Ecology
and Biogeography 19, 475–484 (2010)
Deng T. - Late Cenozoic environmental changes in
the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China) as indicated by
cenograms of fossil mammals. Vertebrata
PalAsiatica pp. 282-298 (2009)
NOW Database
Paleodb
NOW Database
Paleodb
Hoplophoneus primaevus
Hoplophoneus sicarius
Hyaenictis graeca
Hyaenictitherium hyaenoides
4.541
4.764
4.740
4.732
Hyaenictitherium parvum
Hyaenictitherium wongii
4.580
4.510
Hyaenodon crucians
4.175
Hyaenodon horridus
4.617
Hyotherium meisneri
Hyotherium soemmeringi
Hypertragulus calcaratus
Hypohippus affinis
Hypohippus osborni
Hypsiops breviceps
Hypsodontus pronaticornis
Hypsodontus serbicus
Hyrachyus affinis
Hyrachyus modestus
Hyracodon leidyanus
Hyracodon nebraskensis
Hyracodon petersoni
Hyracodon priscidens
Hyracotherium sandrae
Hyracotherium vasacciense
Iberictis azanzae
4.653
4.799
3.146
5.149
5.507
5.280
5.158
4.699
4.783
4.950
5.405
5.181
5.113
5.141
5.076
3.929
4.342
Ictiocyon socialis
Ictitherium ibericum
Ictitherium intuberculatum
Ictitherium viverrinum
Indarctos arctoides
Indarctos atticus
Indarctos nevadensis
4.301
4.176
4.477
4.255
5.204
5.544
5.060
Paleodb
Paleodb
NOW Database
Deng T. - Late Cenozoic environmental changes in
the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China) as indicated by
cenograms of fossil mammals. Vertebrata
PalAsiatica pp. 282-298 (2009)
NOW Database
Deng T. - Late Cenozoic environmental changes in
the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China) as indicated by
cenograms of fossil mammals. Vertebrata
PalAsiatica pp. 282-298 (2009)
Egi N. - Body mass estimates in extinct mammals
from limb bone dimensions: the case of north
american hyaenodontids. Palaeontology Volume
44, Issue 3, (2001)
Egi N. - Body mass estimates in extinct mammals
from limb bone dimensions: the case of north
american hyaenodontids. Palaeontology Volume
44, Issue 3, (2001)
NOW Database
NOW Database
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
NOW Database
NOW Database
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
Paleodb
Indricotherium transouralicum
Injanatherium arabicum
Injanatherium hazimi
Iranotherium morgani
Ischyrictis anatolicus
Ischyrictis helbingi
Ischyrictis mustelinus
Ischyrictis zibethoides
Ischyrocyon gidleyi
Kalobatippus avus
Kenyapotamus ternani
Kobus sigmoidalis
Koufotragus bailloudi
Krabitherium waileki
Kubanochoerus gigas
Kubanochoerus khinzikebirus
Lagomeryx parvulus
Lagomeryx pumilio
Lagomeryx ruetimeyeri
Lartetotherium sansaniensis
Leopardus amnicola
Leptauchenia major
7.180 Fortelius M. & Kappelman J. - The largest land
mammal ever imagined. Zoological Journal of the
Linnean Society
Volume 108, Issue 1, May 1993, Pages 85-101
5.602 NOW Database
5.699 NOW Database
6.370 NOW Database
4.079 NOW Database
4.544 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
3.903 NOW Database
4.176 NOW Database
5.039 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
4.578 Paleodb
5.301 Orliac et al. - Early Miocene hippopotamids
(Cetartiodactyla) constrain the phylogenetic and
spatiotemporal settings of hippopotamid
origin.PNAS, June 29, 2010, vol. 107 no. 26
11871–11876 (2010)
5.053
Kappelman J. et al. - Bovids as indicators of PlioPleistocene paleoenvironments in East Africa.
Journal of Human Evolution 32, 229–256 (1997)
4.398 NOW Database
4.361 Métais G. et al. - Eocene bunoselenodont
Artiodactyla from southern Thailand and the early
evolution of Ruminantia in South Asia.
Naturwissenschaften 94(6):493-498 2007.
5.988 Deng T. - Late Cenozoic environmental changes in
the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China) as indicated by
cenograms of fossil mammals. Vertebrata
PalAsiatica pp. 282-298 (2009)
5.929
Pickford M. - New suoid specimens from Gebel
Zelten, Libya.Estudios Geológicos, 62 (1)
enero-diciembre 2006, 499-514
3.699 NOW Database
3.176 NOW Database
4.176 NOW Database
5.766 NOW Database
3.839 Paleodb
4.399 Paleodb
Leptobos brevicornis
5.483
Leptobos etruscus
5.602
Dong W. - New material of Leptobos (Smertiobos)
crassus (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the lower
Pleistocene of Renzidong (Eastern China). Geobios
41 (2008) 355–364
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
Leptobos merlai
5.160
Leptobos stenometopon
5.164
Cregut-Bonnoure E. & Valli A. - Bovidae from
the late Pliocene fossil deposit
(Mid-Villafranchian) of Saint-Vallier (Drome,
France). Geobios 37 (2004) 233-258
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
Leptobos vallisarni
5.577
Leptochoerus spectabilis
Leptocyon vafer
3.323
3.733
Leptomeryx blacki
Leptomeryx elissae
Leptomeryx evansi
Leptomeryx mammifer
Leptomeryx speciosus
Leptomeryx yoderi
Leptoplesictis aurelianesis
Leptoreodon edwardsi
Leptoreodon leptolophus
Leptoreodon major
Leptoreodon marshi
Leptoreodon pusillus
Leptoreodon stocki
Leptotragulus medius
3.514
3.073
3.477
4.081
3.754
3.947
2.699
3.805
3.581
4.110
3.761
3.298
3.897
3.798
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
Paleodb
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
NOW Database
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Libralces gallicus
5.615
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
Paleodb
Egi N. - Body mass estimates in extinct mammals
from limb bone dimensions: the case of north
american hyaenodontids. Palaeontology Volume
44, Issue 3, (2001)
Egi N. - Body mass estimates in extinct mammals
from limb bone dimensions: the case of north
american hyaenodontids. Palaeontology Volume
44, Issue 3, (2001)
NOW Database
Morgan M.E. et al. - Comparative paleoecology of
Paleogene and Neogene mammalian faunas: bodysize structure. Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Paleoecology n 15 pp. 287-317
( 1995 )
NOW Database
Paleodb
Paleodb
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
Limnenetes platyceps
Limnocyon potens
4.229
4.200
Limnocyon versus
3.891
Limnonyx sinerizi
Listriodon pentapotamiae
3.602
5.038
Listriodon splendens
Longirostromeryx blicki
Lutravus halli
Lycaon falconeri
Lycaon lycaonoides
Lycyaena chaeretis
Lynx issiodorensis
Lynx pardinus
4.959
4.146
3.860
4.415
4.420
4.602
4.477
3.970 Smith F.A. et al. - Body mass of late quaternary
mammals.Ecology, 84(12), p. 3403 (2003)
4.484 Paleodb
4.109 Deng T. - Late Cenozoic environmental changes in
the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China) as indicated by
cenograms of fossil mammals. Vertebrata
PalAsiatica pp. 282-298 (2009)
4.062 Paleodb
4.300 Matthew W. D. - On a new primitive deer and two
traguloid genera from the Lower Miocene of
Nebraska. American Museum Novitates 215:1-8
1926.
5.000 NOW Database
5.342 NOW Database
5.436 Paleodb
5.118 Deng T. - Late Cenozoic environmental changes in
the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China) as indicated by
cenograms of fossil mammals. Vertebrata
PalAsiatica pp. 282-298 (2009)
3.699 NOW Database
5.176 NOW Database
3.638 Paleodb
Lynx rexroadensis
Lynx shansius
Machaeroides eothen
Machaeromeryx tragulus
Machairodus alberdiae
Machairodus aphanistus
Machairodus coloradensis
Machairodus palanderi
Madoqua avifluminis
Magericyon anceps
Malaquiferus tourteloti
Mammut americanum
Mammut borsoni
Mammuthus imperator
Mammuthus meridionalis
Mammuthus primigenius
Mammuthus trogontherii
3.809 Christiansen P. - Body size in proboscideans, with
notes on elephant metabolism. Zoological Journal
of the Linnean Society
Volume 140, Issue 4, pages 523–549, April (2004)
6.855
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
6.861 Christiansen P. - Body size in proboscideans, with
notes on elephant metabolism. Zoological Journal
of the Linnean Society
Volume 140, Issue 4, pages 523–549, April (2004)
6.797 Christiansen P. - Body size in proboscideans, with
notes on elephant metabolism. Zoological Journal
of the Linnean Society
Volume 140, Issue 4, pages 523–549, April (2004)
6.632 NOW Database
6.878
Maremmia hauptii
Maremmia lorenzi
Martes andersoni
Martes basilii
Martes burdigaliensis
Martes cadeoti
4.699
4.875
3.176
3.477
3.000
2.845
Martes caurina
Martes collongensis
3.609
3.079
Martes delphinensis
Martes filholi
Martes mellibulla
2.602
3.342
3.477
Martes munki
Martes sainjoni
Martes sansaniensis
3.204
3.362
3.778
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Paleodb
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
NOW Database
NOW Database
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
Martes woodwardi
Martinogale alveodens
Megaceroides obscurus
3.544 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
3.126 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
5.602
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
Abbazzi L. & Masini F. - Megaceroides solilhacus
and other deer
from the middle Pleistocene site of Isernia la Pineta
(Molise, Italy).
Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana
1996 35 213-227
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
NOW Database
Megaceroides solilhacus
5.393
Megacerops osborni
Megahippus matthewi
Megahippus mckennai
Megalamynodon regalis
Megalictis ferox
6.352
4.793
5.484
6.259
4.145
Megaloceros giganteus
Megaloceros savini
5.845
5.384
Megalochoerus khinzikebirus
Megantereon cultridens
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
6.000 NOW Database
4.799
Megantereon hesperus
Megantereon nihowanensis
Megarocyon castellanus
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
4.829 Paleodb
4.812 Deng T. - Late Cenozoic environmental changes in
the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China) as indicated by
cenograms of fossil mammals. Vertebrata
PalAsiatica pp. 282-298 (2009)
5.297 NOW Database
Megatapirus augustus
Megatylopus cochrani
Megatylopus matthewi
Megatylopus primaevus
Megistotherium osteothlastes
Meles hollitzeri
Meles iberica
Meles thorali
Mellivora benfieldi
Melodon majori
Meniscotherium chamense
Menoceras arikarense
Menoceras barbouri
Merriamoceros coronatus
Meryceros nenzelensis
Merychippus calamarius
Merychippus californicus
Merychippus goorisi
Merychippus gunteri
Merychippus insignis
Merychippus primus
Merychyus arenarum
Merychyus elegans
Merychyus major
Merychyus medius
Merychyus minimus
Merychyus smithi
5.760 Raia P. et al. - One size does not fit all: no evidence
for
an optimal body size on islands. Global Ecology
and Biogeography 19, 475–484 (2010)
5.990 Paleodb
6.330 Paleodb
6.264 Paleodb
5.944
Morales j. & Pickford M. - Creodonts and
carnivores from the Middle Miocene Muruyur
Formation at Kipsaraman and Cheparawa, Baringo
District, Kenya. C. R. Palevol 7 (2008) 487–497
4.176 NOW Database
4.000 Arribas A. & Garrido G. - Meles iberica n. sp., a
new Eurasian badger (Mammalia, Carnivora,
Mustelidae) from Fonelas P-1 (Plio-Pleistocene
boundary, Guadix Basin, Granada, Spain). C. R.
Palevol 6 (2007) 545–555
4.204 NOW Database
3.602 NOW Database
3.940 NOW Database
3.531 Damuth J. - Problems in estimating body masses of
archaic ungulates using dental mesaurements. Body
size in mammalian paleobiology, Cambridge
University (1990)
5.670 Paleodb
6.082 Paleodb
4.095 Janis C.M. - Correlation of cranial and dental
variables with body size in ungulates and
macropodoids. Body size in mammalian
paleobiology, Cambridge University (1990)
4.371 Paleodb
5.337 Paleodb
5.756 Paleodb
4.481 Paleodb
3.998 Paleodb
5.470 Paleodb
5.188 Paleodb
4.620 Paleodb
4.520 Paleodb
5.348 Mendoza M. et al.-The oreodont Merychyus major
major (Mammalia:
Artiodactyla: Oreodontidae) from the Miocene
Popotosa
Formation, Bosque del Apache National Wildlife
Refuge,
Socorro County, central New Mexico. New Mexico
Geology, Volume 31, Number 4 (2009)
Volume 270, Issue 1, pages 90–101, (2006)
5.255 Paleodb
4.490 Paleodb
4.670 Paleodb
Merycochoerus proprius
Merycochoerus superbus
Merycodus necatus
Merycodus sabulonis
Merycoides harrisonensis
Merycoides pariogonus
Merycoidodon bullatus
Merycoidodon culbertsonii
Merycoidodon dunagani
Mesembriacerus melentisi
Mesocyon coryphaeus
Mesocyon temnodon
Mesohippus bairdi
Mesohippus texanus
Mesohippus westoni
Mesomephitis medius
Mesoreodon chelonyx
Mesoreodon floridensis
Mesoreodon minor
Metacervoceros rhenanus
5.466 Paleodb
5.497 Paleodb
3.940 Damuth J. - Problems in estimating body masses of
archaic ungulates using dental mesaurements. Body
size in mammalian paleobiology, Cambridge
University (1990)
4.083 Janis C.M. - Correlation of cranial and dental
variables with body size in ungulates and
macropodoids. Body size in mammalian
paleobiology, Cambridge University (1990)
4.779 Paleodb
4.532 Paleodb
4.803 Paleodb
4.442 Paleodb
4.465 Paleodb
4.778 NOW Database
4.008 Paleodb
3.803 Paleodb
4.505 Damuth J. - Problems in estimating body masses of
archaic ungulates using dental mesaurements. Body
size in mammalian paleobiology, Cambridge
University (1990)
3.920 Paleodb
5.278 Paleodb
2.699 NOW Database
5.066 Paleodb
5.003 Paleodb
4.952 Paleodb
4.845
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
Metacervulus capreolinus
Metailurus major
Metailurus minor
Metailurus parvulus
Metamynodon chadronensis
Metamynodon mckinneyi
Metamynodon planifrons
Metarhinus pater
Metatelmatherium ultimum
4.582
4.903
4.443
4.580
5.936
6.080
5.948
5.639
6.194
Tang Y. & Zong G. - Fossil Mammals from the
Pliocene of the Hanzhong Region, Shaanxi
Province, and their Stratigraphic Significance.
Vertebrata PalAsiatica Vol. XXV, No. 3
pp. 222-235 (1987)
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Metatomarctus canavus
Metridiochoerus andrewsi
Michenia agatensis
Michenia exilis
Michenia yavapaiensis
Micromeryx flourensianus
Micromeryx styriacus
Microstonyx erymanthius
Microstonyx major
Microtomarctus conferta
Miniochoerus gracilis
Miohippus intermedius
Miohippus obliquidens
Miolabis fricki
Miomustela madisonae
Mionictis artenensis
Mionictis dubia
Mionictis pristinus
Miotragocerus monacensis
Miotragocerus pannoniae
Miracinonyx inexpectatus
Miracinonyx studeri
Moldoredunca amalthea
Moropus elatus
Morotochoerus ugandensis
4.040 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
5.176 Raia P. et al. - One size does not fit all: no evidence
for
an optimal body size on islands. Global Ecology
and Biogeography 19, 475–484 (2010)
5.050 Paleodb
4.695 Paleodb
4.979 Paleodb
3.602 NOW Database
3.720
Vislobokova A.I. - New Data on Late Miocene
Mammals of Kohfidisch, Austria. Paleontological
Journal, 2007, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 451–460
5.431 NOW Database
5.519 NOW Database
3.944 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
4.370 Paleodb
4.719 Damuth J. - Problems in estimating body masses of
archaic ungulates using dental mesaurements. Body
size in mammalian paleobiology, Cambridge
University (1990)
4.573 Paleodb
5.468 Paleodb
3.062 Paleodb
3.602 NOW Database
4.041 NOW Database
4.093 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
4.954 NOW Database
4.903 NOW Database
4.843 Paleodb
4.630 Paleodb
5.000 NOW Database
6.072 Paleodb
4.477 Orliac et al. - Early Miocene hippopotamids
(Cetartiodactyla) constrain the phylogenetic and
spatiotemporal settings of hippopotamid
origin.PNAS, June 29, 2010, vol. 107 no. 26
11871–11876 (2010)
Mustela jacksoni
Mustela rexroadensis
Mylohyus elmorei
Mylohyus fossilis
Namibictis senuti
Nannippus aztecus
Nannippus beckensis
Nannippus lenticularis
Nannippus minor
Nannippus morgani
Nannippus westoni
Nanotragulus loomisi
Nanotragulus ordinatus
Nemorhaedus goral
Neohipparion affine
Neohipparion eurystyle
Neohipparion leptode
Neohipparion occidentale
Neohipparion republicanus
Neohipparion trampasense
Neomegaloceros gracilis
Nimravides galiani
Nimravus brachyops
2.899
2.985
5.288
4.762
4.010
4.898
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
NOW Database
Lambert D.W. - Functional Convergence of
Ecosystems: Evidence from
Body Mass Distributions of
North American Late Miocene
Mammal Faunas. Ecosystems 9: 97–118 (2006)
4.690 Paleodb
4.991
Lambert D.W. - Functional Convergence of
Ecosystems: Evidence from
Body Mass Distributions of
North American Late Miocene
Mammal Faunas. Ecosystems 9: 97–118 (2006)
4.898 Paleodb
4.556
Lambert D.W. - Functional Convergence of
Ecosystems: Evidence from
Body Mass Distributions of
North American Late Miocene
Mammal Faunas. Ecosystems 9: 97–118 (2006)
4.968 MacFadden B.J. & Hulbert R.C. - Body size
estimates and size distribution og ungulate
mammals from the late Miocene Love Bone bed of
Florida. Body size in mammalian paleobiology,
Cambridge University (1990)
3.151 Paleodb
3.735 Paleodb
4.544 NOW Database
5.311 Paleodb
5.220 Paleodb
5.648 Paleodb
5.362 Cope E.D. - A Review of the North American
Species of Hippotherium. Proceedings of the
American Philosophical Society, Vol. 26, No. 130
(Jul. - Dec., 1889),
pp. 429-458
5.286 Osborn H.F. - Equidae of the Oligocene, Miocene,
and Pliocene of North America, iconographic type
revision. Geological Society America Bulletin 29
1918
5.152 MacFadden B.J. & Hulbert R.C. - Body size
estimates and size distribution og ungulate
mammals from the late Miocene Love Bone bed of
Florida. Body size in mammalian paleobiology,
Cambridge University (1990)
4.929 NOW Database
5.201 Paleodb
5.145 Paleodb
Nimravus intermedius
Ningxiatherium euryrhinus
Nisidorcas planicornis
Nothokemas floridanus
Nothokemas waldropi
Nyctereutes donnezani
Nyctereutes megamastoides
Oioceros atropatenes
Oioceros occidentalis
Oioceros rothi
Oioceros wegneri
Orangictis gariepensis
Oreodontoides oregonensis
Oriomeryx willii
Orohippus pumilus
Orohippus sylvaticus
Orygotherium escheri
Osbornodon fricki
Osbornodon iamonensis
Osbornodon renjiei
Osbornodon scitulus
Osbornodon sesnoni
Ourebia ourebi
Ouzocerus gracilis
Ovibos pallantis
Oxetocyon cuspidatus
4.792 Ringeade M. & Michel P. - A propos de l'Eusmilus
(Eusmilus bidentatus ringeadei Ringeade et Michel,
1994) de Soumailles, lieu-dit de la commune de
Pardaillan, Canton de Duras (Lot et Garonne,
France) : étude descriptive . Aleo 6 1994
6.781
Deng T. - A new elasmothere (Perissodactyla,
Rhinocerotidae) from the
late Miocene of the Linxia Basin in Gansu, China.
Geobios 41 (2008) 719–728
4.380 NOW Database
4.951 Paleodb
4.640 Paleodb
3.903 NOW Database
4.301 NOW Database
4.230 NOW Database
4.544 NOW Database
4.653 NOW Database
4.778 NOW Database
3.680 NOW Database
4.313 Paleodb
4.813 NOW Database
5.069 Paleodb
4.229 Paleodb
4.114 NOW Database
4.410 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
4.145 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
3.766 Paleodb
4.075 Paleodb
3.919 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
4.240 Franz-Odendaal T.A. & Kaiser T.M. - Differential
mesowear in the maxillary and mandibular cheek
dentition of some ruminants (Artiodactyla). Ann,
Zool. Fennici 40:395-410 2003
4.653 NOW Database
5.496 NOW Database
3.386 Paleodb
Oxydactylus longipes
Pachycrocuta brevirostris
Pachycrocuta licenti
Pachytragus crassicornis
Pachytragus laticeps
Palaeocyon troglodytes
Palaeolama mirifica
Palaeomeryx eminens
Palaeomeryx kaupi
Palaeomeryx magnus
Palaeoreas asiaticus
Palaeoreas brachyceras
Palaeoreas lindermayeri
Palaeoreas zouavei
Palaeoryx longicephalus
Palaeoryx pallasi
Palaeosyops fontinalis
Palaeosyops laevidens
Palaeosyops laticeps
Palaeosyops paludosus
Palaeosyops robustus
Palaeotragus asiaticus
Palaeotragus coelophrys
Palaeotragus germaini
Palaeotragus lavocati
Palaeotragus microdon
Palaeotragus moldavicus
Palaeotragus pavlowae
Palaeotragus robinsoni
Palaeotragus tungurensis
Panthera atrox
5.410 Damuth J. - Problems in estimating body masses of
archaic ungulates using dental mesaurements. Body
size in mammalian paleobiology, Cambridge
University (1990)
5.079 NOW Database
5.116 Deng T. - Late Cenozoic environmental changes in
the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China) as indicated by
cenograms of fossil mammals. Vertebrata
PalAsiatica pp. 282-298 (2009)
4.929 NOW Database
5.061 NOW Database
4.463 Oliveria E.V. et al. - Protocyon Troglodytes (Lund)
(Mammali, Carnivora) in the late Pleistocene of
Rio Grande do Sul and their paleoecological
significance. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia
8(3):215-220, Setembro/Dezembro 2005
5.197 Paleodb
5.324 NOW Database
5.000 NOW Database
5.301 NOW Database
4.663 NOW Database
4.556 NOW Database
4.653 NOW Database
4.875 NOW Database
5.230 NOW Database
5.301 NOW Database
5.330 Paleodb
5.499 Paleodb
5.639 Paleodb
5.608 Paleodb
5.723 Paleodb
5.362 NOW Database
5.602 NOW Database
5.778 NOW Database
5.544 NOW Database
5.665 Deng T. - Late Cenozoic environmental changes in
the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China) as indicated by
cenograms of fossil mammals. Vertebrata
PalAsiatica pp. 282-298 (2009)
5.699 NOW Database
5.362 NOW Database
5.602 NOW Database
5.643 Deng T. - Late Cenozoic environmental changes in
the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China) as indicated by
cenograms of fossil mammals. Vertebrata
PalAsiatica pp. 282-298 (2009)
5.633
Anyonge W. - Body mass in large extant and
extinct carnivores. Journal of Zoology
Volume 231, Issue 2, pages 339–350, October 1993
Panthera gombaszoegensis
4.954
Panthera palaeosinensis
Paracamelus alexejevi
4.759
6.126
Paracamelus alutensis
5.823
Paracamelus gigas
6.173
Parachleuastochoerus crusafonti
Parachleuastochoerus huenermanni
Parachleuastochoerus steinheimensis
Paracosoryx wilsoni
4.653
4.591
4.863
4.081
Paracynarctus kelloggi
Paracynarctus sinclairi
Paradaphoenus minimus
Paradaphoenus tooheyi
Paraenhydrocyon josephi
Paraenhydrocyon robustus
Paraenhydrocyon wallovianus
Parahippus cognatus
3.957
3.905
4.720
4.724
3.897
3.885
4.150
5.053
Parahippus leonensis
Parahippus pawniensis
Paralabis cedrensis
Paralutra jaegeri
Paramachairodus ogygia
Paramachairodus orientalis
Parapliohippus carrizoensis
Parataxidea crassa
Parataxidea maraghana
Parataxidea sinensis
Paratoceras wardi
Paratomarctus euthos
Paratomarctus temerarius
Paratragocerus caucasicus
4.842
3.834
4.530
3.740
4.643
4.929
4.660
3.653
3.699
3.760
4.423
4.161
4.059
4.477
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
NOW Database
Titov V.V. & LogvynenkoV.N. - Early
Paracamelus (Mammalia, Tylopoda) in Eastern
Europe.Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 49A(1-2):
163-178, Kraków, 30 June (2006)
Logvynenko V. M. - Paracamelus minor
(Camelidae, Tylopoda). A new camelid species
from the middle Pliocene of Ukraine. Vestnik
zoologii, 35(1): 39—42, (2001)
Logvynenko V. M. - Paracamelus minor
(Camelidae, Tylopoda). A new camelid species
from the middle Pliocene of Ukraine. Vestnik
zoologii, 35(1): 39—42, (2001)
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
Janis C.M. - Correlation of cranial and dental
variables with body size in ungulates and
macropodoids. Body size in mammalian
paleobiology, Cambridge University (1990)
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Janis C.M. - Correlation of cranial and dental
variables with body size in ungulates and
macropodoids. Body size in mammalian
paleobiology, Cambridge University (1990)
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
Paleodb
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
NOW Database
Paratylopus labiatus
Parelasmotherium linxiaense
Parvitragulus priscus
Pediomeryx hemphillensis
Pelorovis antiquus
Penetrigonias dakotensis
Peraceras hessei
Peraceras profectum
Perchoerus probus
Percrocuta minor
Percrocuta tungurensis
Phenacocoelus typus
Phenacodus bisonensis
Phenacodus intermedius
Phenacodus vortmani
Phillotrox condoni
Phlaocyon annectens
Phlaocyon latidens
Phlaocyon leucosteus
Phlaocyon minor
4.656 Paleodb
6.911 Deng T. - Skull of Parelasmotherium
(Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) from the upper
Miocene in the Linxia basin (Gansu, China).
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Jun 2007 : Vol.
27, Issue 2, pg(s) 467-475
3.405 Paleodb
5.033 Paleodb
6.000 Raia P. et al. - One size does not fit all: no evidence
for
an optimal body size on islands. Global Ecology
and Biogeography 19, 475–484 (2010)
5.352 Paleodb
5.714 Paleodb
6.049 Paleodb
4.262 Paleodb
4.740 NOW Database
5.130 Deng T. - Late Cenozoic environmental changes in
the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China) as indicated by
cenograms of fossil mammals. Vertebrata
PalAsiatica pp. 282-298 (2009)
4.613 Paleodb
4.300 Morgan M.E. et al. - Comparative paleoecology of
Paleogene and Neogene mammalian faunas: bodysize structure. Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Paleoecology n 15 pp. 287-317
( 1995 )
4.690 Paleodb
4.126 Morgan M.E. et al. - Comparative paleoecology of
Paleogene and Neogene mammalian faunas: bodysize structure. Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Paleoecology n 15 pp. 287-317
( 1995 )
4.068 Paleodb
3.543 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
3.443 Paleodb
3.477 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
3.544 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Phoberocyon hispanicus
4.990
Phoberocyon johnhenryi
Phoberogale bonali
Platybelodon grangeri
5.007
4.900
6.401
Platygonus bicalcaratus
Platygonus compressus
Platygonus oregonensis
Platygonus vetus
Plesiaceratherium fahlbuschi
Plesiaddax inundatus
Plesiocolopirus hancocki
Plesiogulo brachygnathus
Plesiogulo crassa
Plesiogulo lindsayi
4.804
4.757
4.558
4.816
5.845
5.230
4.481
4.301
4.699
4.388
Plesiogulo marshalli
4.295
Plesiogulo monspessulanus
Plesiohipparion longipes
Plesiomeles cajali
5.000
5.332
3.114
Plesiomeles pusilla
Pliauchenia magnifontis
2.301
5.375
Pliocervus pentelici
Pliocrocuta perrieri
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
Paleodb
NOW Database
Deng T. - Late Cenozoic environmental changes in
the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China) as indicated by
cenograms of fossil mammals. Vertebrata
PalAsiatica pp. 282-298 (2009)
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
NOW Database
NOW Database
Paleodb
NOW Database
NOW Database
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
NOW Database
NOW Database
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
NOW Database
Lambert D.W. - Functional Convergence of
Ecosystems: Evidence from
Body Mass Distributions of
North American Late Miocene
Mammal Faunas. Ecosystems 9: 97–118 (2006)
4.903 NOW Database
4.900 Baryshnikov G.F. & Vereshchagin N.K. - A brief
review of Quaternary hyenas (Hyaenidae) of Russia
and adjoining regions. Trudy Zoologicheskogo
Instituta RAN. Vol.270.P.7-65(1996)
Pliocyon medius
Pliohippus fossulatus
Pliohippus mirabilis
Pliohippus nobilis
Pliohippus tantalus
Plionarctos harroldorum
Plionictis ogygia
Plioportax ucrainicus
Plithocyon antunesi
Plithocyon armagnacensis
Plithocyon ursinus
Poabromylus kayi
Poebrotherium eximium
Poebrotherium wilsoni
Poephagus baikalensis
Pomelomeryx boulangeri
Pomelomeryx gracilis
5.004 Paleodb
3.753 Paleodb
5.305
Lambert D.W. - Functional Convergence of
Ecosystems: Evidence from
Body Mass Distributions of
North American Late Miocene
Mammal Faunas. Ecosystems 9: 97–118 (2006)
5.303
Lambert D.W. - Functional Convergence of
Ecosystems: Evidence from
Body Mass Distributions of
North American Late Miocene
Mammal Faunas. Ecosystems 9: 97–118 (2006)
5.670
Lambert D.W. - Functional Convergence of
Ecosystems: Evidence from
Body Mass Distributions of
North American Late Miocene
Mammal Faunas. Ecosystems 9: 97–118 (2006)
4.686 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
3.290 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
5.230 NOW Database
5.158 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
5.064 NOW Database
5.020 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
4.168 Paleodb
4.520 Paleodb
4.542 Paleodb
5.720 NOW Database
3.929 NOW Database
3.653 NOW Database
Praemegaceros verticornis
Praesinomegaceros venustus
Priscocamelus wilsoni
Proailurus lemansis
Proboscidipparion sinense
Procamelus grandis
Procamelus occidentalis
Procamptoceras brivatense
5.328
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
5.100 Vislobokova I. - A new species of Megacerini
(Cervidae, Artiodactyla) from the
Late Miocene of Taralyk-Cher, Tuva (Russia), and
remarks
on the relationships of the group. Geobios 42
(2009) 397–410
4.960 Paleodb
4.146 NOW Database
5.312
Dong W. & Fang Y.S. - Fossil equids ( Mammals)
From the Tuozidong,
Nanjing (China) and its significance. Vertebrata
Palasiatica pp . 36～48
figs. 1～3 2005
5.697 MacFadden B.J. & Hulbert R.C. - Body size
estimates and size distribution og ungulate
mammals from the late Miocene Love Bone bed of
Florida. Body size in mammalian paleobiology,
Cambridge University (1990)
5.763 Damuth J. - Problems in estimating body masses of
archaic ungulates using dental mesaurements. Body
size in mammalian paleobiology, Cambridge
University (1990)
5.033
Procapreolus loczyi
Procapreolus ukrainicus
Procervulus dichotomus
Procervulus flerovi
Procervulus praelucidus
Procobus melania
Procranioceras skinneri
Progiraffa exigua
4.778
4.681
4.477
4.079
4.146
5.204
5.020
5.916
Prolimnocyon atavus
3.215
Promeles paleoattica
Promephitis hootoni
Promephitis maeotica
3.894
3.531
3.477
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
Paleodb
Barry J.C. et al. - Oligocene and early Miocene
Ruminants.
(Mammalia, Artiodactyla) form Pakistan and
Uganda. Palaeontologia Electronica Article
Number: 8.1.22A (2005)
Egi N. - Body mass estimates in extinct mammals
from limb bone dimensions: the case of north
american hyaenodontids. Palaeontology Volume
44, Issue 3, (2001)
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
Promephitis parvus
Promerycochoerus carrikeri
Propotamochoerus hysudricus
Propotamochoerus palaeochoerus
Propotamochoerus provincialis
Prosansanosmilus peregrinus
Prosantorhinus germanicus
Prosthennops niobrarensis
Prosthennops serus
Prosthennops xiphodonticus
Prostrepsiceros elegans
Prostrepsiceros fraasi
Prostrepsiceros houtumschindleri
Prostrepsiceros libycus
Prostrepsiceros rotundicornis
Prostrepsiceros vallesiensis
Prostrepsiceros zitteli
Prosynthetoceras orthrionanus
Prosynthetoceras texanus
Protapirus simplex
Protitanotherium superbum
Protoceras celer
Protohippus gidley
Protohippus perditus
Protohippus supremus
Protohippus vetus
Protolabis coartatus
Protolabis heterodontus
Protoreodon pacificus
Protoreodon parvus
Protoreodon petersoni
Protoreodon pumilus
Protoreodon walshi
Protoryx carolinae
Protoryx enanus
Protoryx solignaci
2.955 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
5.290 Paleodb
5.212 Morgan M.E. et al. - Comparative paleoecology of
Paleogene and Neogene mammalian faunas: bodysize structure. Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Paleoecology n 15 pp. 287-317
( 1995 )
5.079 NOW Database
5.204 NOW Database
4.602 NOW Database
5.699 NOW Database
4.611 Paleodb
4.730 Paleodb
4.763 Paleodb
4.544 NOW Database
4.845 NOW Database
4.663 NOW Database
4.778 NOW Database
4.544 NOW Database
4.342 NOW Database
4.544 NOW Database
4.724 Paleodb
4.992 Paleodb
4.955 Paleodb
3.449 Paleodb
4.620 Damuth J. - Problems in estimating body masses of
archaic ungulates using dental mesaurements. Body
size in mammalian paleobiology, Cambridge
University (1990)
5.310 Paleodb
5.432 Paleodb
5.283 Paleodb
5.338 Paleodb
5.431 Paleodb
5.820 Paleodb
4.111 Paleodb
4.006 Paleodb
3.671 Paleodb
4.455 Paleodb
4.057 Paleodb
5.204 NOW Database
4.653 NOW Database
4.903 NOW Database
Prototomus martis
Prototomus phobos
Prototomus robustus
Prototomus secundarius
Protragelaphus skouzesi
Protragelaphus theodori
Protragocerus chantrei
Protragocerus gluten
Protylopus annectens
Protylopus pearsonensis
Protylopus petersoni
Protylopus robustus
Protylopus stocki
Pseudaelurus guangheensis
Pseudaelurus lorteti
Pseudaelurus quadridentatus
Pseudhipparion curtivallum
Pseudhipparion gratum
Pseudhipparion hessei
Pseudhipparion simpsoni
Pseudhipparion skinneri
Pseudocyon sansanensis
Pseudocyonopsis ambiguus
Pseudocyonopsis antiquus
3.610 Egi N. - Body mass estimates in extinct mammals
from limb bone dimensions: the case of north
american hyaenodontids. Palaeontology Volume
44, Issue 3, (2001)
3.418 Egi N. - Body mass estimates in extinct mammals
from limb bone dimensions: the case of north
american hyaenodontids. Palaeontology Volume
44, Issue 3, (2001)
3.775 Egi N. - Body mass estimates in extinct mammals
from limb bone dimensions: the case of north
american hyaenodontids. Palaeontology Volume
44, Issue 3, (2001)
3.581 Egi N. - Body mass estimates in extinct mammals
from limb bone dimensions: the case of north
american hyaenodontids. Palaeontology Volume
44, Issue 3, (2001)
4.813 NOW Database
4.875 NOW Database
4.740 NOW Database
4.777 Morgan M.E. et al. - Comparative paleoecology of
Paleogene and Neogene mammalian faunas: bodysize structure. Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Paleoecology n 15 pp. 287-317
( 1995 )
4.090 Paleodb
4.305 Paleodb
4.031 Paleodb
4.063 Paleodb
3.910 Paleodb
3.863 NOW Database
4.176 NOW Database
4.477 NOW Database
5.689 Paleodb
5.021 Paleodb
4.366 Paleodb
4.724 Paleodb
4.785 MacFadden B.J. & Hulbert R.C. - Body size
estimates and size distribution og ungulate
mammals from the late Miocene Love Bone bed of
Florida. Body size in mammalian paleobiology,
Cambridge University (1990)
5.070 NOW Database
4.814 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
4.470 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Pseudodama farnetensis
4.944
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
Pseudodama lyra
4.851
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
Pseudodama nestii
5.057
Pseudodiplacodon progressum
Pseudohipparion retrusum
Pseudolabis dakotensis
Pseudoprotoceras longinaris
Pseudoprotoceras minor
Pseudoprotoceras semicinctus
Pseudotragus capricornis
Pseudotragus parvidens
Pyrocyon dioctetus
Rakomeryx sinclairi
6.329
4.900
4.651
4.178
3.827
4.541
4.699
4.708
3.418
5.037
Ramoceros osborni
4.190
Rhizocyon oregonensis
Sahelictis korei
Samokeros minotaurus
Samotherium boissieri
Samotherium maeoticum
Samotherium majori
Samotherium mongoliense
Samotherium neumayri
Samotherium pamiri
Sanitherium leobense
3.477
4.630
5.250
5.778
5.813
5.778
5.778
6.041
5.778
4.362
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
Paleodb
NOW Database
NOW Database
Paleodb
Jams C.L. et al. - Modelling equid/ruminant
competition in the fossil record. Historical Biology:
An International Journal of Paleobiology
Volume 8, Issue 1 & 4, 1994, Pages 15 - 29
Damuth J. - Problems in estimating body masses of
archaic ungulates using dental mesaurements. Body
size in mammalian paleobiology, Cambridge
University (1990)
Paleodb
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
Pickford M. - New suoid specimens from Gebel
Zelten, Libya.Estudios Geológicos, 62 (1)
enero-diciembre 2006, 499-514
Schizochoerus anatoliensis
Schizochoerus vallesiensis
Selenoportax vexillarius
Sespia californica
Siamotragulus bugtiensis
Simatherium demissum
Simocyon diaphorus
Simocyon primigenius
Sinapodorcas incarinatus
Sinclairomeryx sinclairi
Sinicuon dubius
Sinohippus robustus
Sinohippus zitteli
Sivaceros gradiens
Sivaonyx hessicus
Sivoreas eremita
Smilodon fatalis
Smilodon populator
Spirocerus kiakhtensis
Spirocerus wongi
4.204 NOW Database
5.079 NOW Database
5.298 Khan M.A. - Fosiil molars of Selenoportax
vexillarius. Geol. Bull. Punjab Univ. Vol. 40-41,
2005-6, pp 53-55
3.292 Paleodb
4.118 NOW Database
6.298 Geerads D. & Thomas H. - Bovides du PlioPleistocene d'Ouganda. Geolgy and Palaeobiology
of the Albertine Rift Valley, Uganda-Zaire Vol. II:
Palaeobiology. – CIFEG Occas. Publ., 1994/29,
Orleans, CIFEG, pp 383-407 (1994).
4.740 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
4.845 NOW Database
4.398 Bouvrain G. et al. - Un nouveau genre d’antilope
dans le Miocène supérieur de Sinap Tepe en
Turquie. Revue de Paléo−
biologie 13 (2): 375–380. 1994
4.820 Janis C.M. - Correlation of cranial and dental
variables with body size in ungulates and
macropodoids. Body size in mammalian
paleobiology, Cambridge University (1990)
4.824 NOW Database
5.894 Hou S.K. et al. - New materials of Sinohippus
from
Gansu and Nei Mongol, China. Vert PalAsiat,
2007, 45: 213–231
5.524 NOW Database
4.690 Khan M.A. et al. - Sivaceros gradiens Pilgrim 1937
(Mammalia, Bovidae, Boselaphini) from the Lower
Siwaliks of Dhok Bun Amir Khatoon, Chakwal,
Pakistan: systematics and biostratigraphy. Turk. J.
Zool., 35, (2011), 281-286.
4.146 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
4.777 NOW Database
5.342 Paleodb
5.176 Christiansen P. & Harris J. M. - Body size of
Smilodon (Mammalia: Felidae). Journal of
Morphology
Volume 266, Issue 3, pages 369–384, December
(2005)
5.898 NOW Database
5.699 NOW Database
Stegodon orientalis
Stegomastodon platensis
Stehlinoceros elegantulus
Stenomylus hitchcocki
Stephanocemas aralensis
Stephanocemas thomsoni
Stephanorhinus etruscus
Stephanorhinus hemitoechus
Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis
Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis
Stephanorhinus megarhinus
Stephanorhinus orientalis
Stephanorhinus pikermiensis
Stockoceros conklingi
Subchilotherium intermedium
Subdromomeryx scotti
Subhyracodon occidentalis
Subhyracodon tridactylus
Submeryceros minor
Synthetoceras davisorum
Synthetoceras tricornatus
Tapirus arvernensis
Tapirus haysii
Tapirus hezhengensis
Tapirus johnsoni
Tapirus simpsoni
6.301 Raia P. et al. - One size does not fit all: no evidence
for
an optimal body size on islands. Global Ecology
and Biogeography 19, 475–484 (2010)
3.637 Alberdi M.T. - Stegomastodon waringi (Mammalia,
Proboscidea) from the Late Pleistocene of
northeastern Uruguay. Neues Jahrbuch für
Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen,
Volume 243, Number 2, February 2007 , pp. 179189(11)
4.477 NOW Database
4.529 Paleodb
4.477 NOW Database
4.581 Deng T. - Late Cenozoic environmental changes in
the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China) as indicated by
cenograms of fossil mammals. Vertebrata
PalAsiatica pp. 282-298 (2009)
6.146 NOW Database
6.146 NOW Database
6.146 NOW Database
6.204 NOW Database
6.114 NOW Database
6.456 NOW Database
6.041 NOW Database
4.724 Yule J. V. - The puzzle of North America's Late
Pleistocene megafaunal extinction patterns: Test of
new explanation yields unexpected results.
Ecological Modelling
Volume 220, Issue 4, 24 February 2009, Pages
533-544
5.778 NOW Database
4.780 Janis C.M. - Correlation of cranial and dental
variables with body size in ungulates and
macropodoids. Body size in mammalian
paleobiology, Cambridge University (1990)
5.972 Paleodb
5.713 Paleodb
3.875
Lambert D.W. - Functional Convergence of
Ecosystems: Evidence from
Body Mass Distributions of
North American Late Miocene
Mammal Faunas. Ecosystems 9: 97–118 (2006)
5.286 Paleodb
5.274 Paleodb
5.316 NOW Database
5.562 Paleodb
5.399 Paleodb
5.313 Paleodb
5.502 Paleodb
Tapirus telleri
Tapirus veroensis
Taucanamo grandaevum
Taucanamo inonuensis
Taucanamo sansaniense
Tchaltacerus longicornis
Teleoceras fossiger
Teleoceras hicksi
Teleoceras major
Teleoceras medicornutum
Teleoceras meridianum
Teleoceras proteum
Telmatherium altidens
Telmatherium manteoceras
Tetraconodon magnus
Tetrameryx shuleri
Texoceros altidens
Thalassictis certa
Thalassictis hipparionum
5.228 Guerin C. & Eisenmann V. - Les Tapirs
(Mammalia, Perissodactyla) du Miocène supérieur
d'Europe occidentale
Tapirs (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the Upper
Miocene of Western Europe. Geobios
Volume 27, Issue 1, 1994, Pages 113-127
5.400 Paleodb
4.041 NOW Database
4.204 NOW Database
4.041 NOW Database
4.431 NOW Database
6.057
Lambert D.W. - Functional Convergence of
Ecosystems: Evidence from
Body Mass Distributions of
North American Late Miocene
Mammal Faunas. Ecosystems 9: 97–118 (2006)
6.471 Paleodb
6.386 Paleodb
6.472 Paleodb
6.156 Paleodb
5.803 Paleodb
6.296 Paleodb
5.840 Paleodb
5.689 Morgan M.E. et al. - Comparative paleoecology of
Paleogene and Neogene mammalian faunas: bodysize structure. Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Paleoecology n 15 pp. 287-317
( 1995 )
4.785 Paleodb
4.312 Paleodb
4.248 NOW Database
4.286
Thalassictis robusta
Thinocyon medius
4.228
3.161
Thinocyon velox
Ticholeptus zygomaticus
Titanotylopus nebraskensis
3.134
5.300
6.293
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
NOW Database
Morlo M. & Gunnell G.F. - Small Limnocionynes
(Hyaenodontidae, Mammalia)
From the Bridgerian middle Eocene of Wyoming.
Thinocyon, Prolimnocyon, and Iridon, new genus.
Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology
Vol. 31, NO. 2, PP. 43-78 2003
Paleodb
Paleodb
Breyer J. - Titanotylopus (= Gigantocamelus) fron
the great plains cenozoic. Journal of Paleontology,
v. 50 , n. 50, pp. 783-788, 1976
Tomarctus brevirostris
Torolutra ougadensis
Tragelaphus buxtoni
Tragoportax amalthea
Tragoportax cyrenaicus
Tragoportax frolovi
Tragoportax gaudryi
Tragoportax rugosifrons
Tragoportax spectabilis
Tragoportax validus
Trigonias osborni
Trigonias yoderensis
Triplopus cubitalis
Triplopus obliquidens
Tritemnodon agilis
Tritemnodon hians
Tritemnodon strenuus
Trocharion albanense
Trochictis depereti
Trochictis narcisoi
Trochotherium cyamoides
Tugenictis ngororaensis
Tyrrhenotragus gracillimus
Uintaceras radinskyi
Urmiatherium polaki
Urmiatherium rugosifrons
Ursus abstrusus
4.286 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
3.860 NOW Database
5.330 Janis C.M. - Correlation of cranial and dental
variables with body size in ungulates and
macropodoids. Body size in mammalian
paleobiology, Cambridge University (1990)
5.104 NOW Database
5.255 NOW Database
5.041 NOW Database
4.903 NOW Database
5.134 NOW Database
5.114 NOW Database
5.000 NOW Database
5.524 Paleodb
5.419 Paleodb
4.366 Paleodb
4.567 Paleodb
4.033 Egi N. - Body mass estimates in extinct mammals
from limb bone dimensions: the case of north
american hyaenodontids. Palaeontology Volume
44, Issue 3, (2001)
4.092 Egi N. - Body mass estimates in extinct mammals
from limb bone dimensions: the case of north
american hyaenodontids. Palaeontology Volume
44, Issue 3, (2001)
3.882 Egi N. - Body mass estimates in extinct mammals
from limb bone dimensions: the case of north
american hyaenodontids. Palaeontology Volume
44, Issue 3, (2001)
3.114 NOW Database
3.653 NOW Database
3.176 Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
3.875 NOW Database
4.249 NOW Database
4.146 NOW Database
5.587 Paleodb
5.342 NOW Database
4.845 NOW Database
4.628
Finarelli J.A. & Flynn J.J. - Ancestral state
reconstruction
of body size in the Caniformia (Carnivora,
Mammalia): the effects of incorporating data from
the fossil record. Systematic Biology
55:301–31 (2006)
Ursus deningeri
5.439
Ursus etruscus
Ursus minimus
Ursus spelaeus
Viverra leakeyi
Viverra oeningensis
Viverrictis modica
Vulpes alopecoides
Vulpes chikushanensis
4.954
4.602
5.477
3.477
3.845
2.903
4.041
3.807
Walangania africanus
4.256
Xenicohippus osborni
Xenohyus venitor
Ysengrina depereti
Ysengrina gerandiana
Yumaceras figginsi
Yumaceras hamiltoni
Zygolophodon metachijiensis
4.961
4.968
4.925
4.975
5.617
5.324
6.471
Meloro C. et al. - Effect of predation on prey
abundanceand survival in Plio-Pleistocene
mammalian communities.Evolutionary Ecology
Research, 9: 1–21 (2007)
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
Deng T. - Late Cenozoic environmental changes in
the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China) as indicated by
cenograms of fossil mammals. Vertebrata
PalAsiatica pp. 282-298 (2009)
Barry J.C. et al. - Oligocene and early Miocene
Ruminants.
(Mammalia, Artiodactyla) form Pakistan and
Uganda. Palaeontologia Electronica Article
Number: 8.1.22A (2005)
Paleodb
NOW Database
NOW Database
NOW Database
Paleodb
Paleodb
NOW Database