Ancient ROME
Topics Menu
Literature, Art & Architecture and its
Impact on Politics
Political Culture: rulers, commerce and
military culture
Social Culture: class structure, slavery and
gender
Entertainment: Gladiators, Theatre,
athletics & Food
Science, Philosophy and Theology
How to Use This Pathfinder: Click on the subject listed above (in BLUE). Then press
“ctrl” and left click your mouse to go to that section of the pathfinder.
Literature, Art & Architecture and impact on politics
Engineering (aqueducts, bridges)
1. See Ancient Rome in 3D provided through Google Earth
2. A Gazetteer of the Roman World - This section of Bill Thayer's huge Lacus Curtius site provides many
photographs of cities and monuments of the ancient Roman world, some with detailed commentary.
3. Ancient and Classical Architecture - Howard Partridge provides a gallery of his photographs of buildings and
ruins in Rome from c.179 BC to 141 AD. Part of the Cupola Collection.
4. Ancient Roman Architecture - Great Buildings Online provides images and commentary on some of the bestknown buildings of the Roman world.
5. Aquae Urbis Romae - The Waters of the City of Rome - An interactive cartographic history of the relationship
between hydrological and hydraulic systems and their impact on the urban development of Rome, Italy from
753 BC to the present day.
6. Aqueduct - Els gives an illustrated outline of the history of aqueducts worldwide. [Dutch and English
versions].
7. Aqueducts of Rome Under Augustus - Illustrated article by Al Schlaf. Includes the establishment of the
centralized water office and the restoration of the older aqueducts and construction of the new.
8. Chirk and Pontcysyllte Aqueducts - Data and photographs of the structures constructed by Thomas Telford
for the Llangollen Canal.
9. Frontinus on The Aqueducts of Rome - English translation of the complete text of the De Aquis (de
Aquaeductu Urbis Romae), linked to the Latin and to a photostatic reproduction of the entire surviving
medieval manuscript.
10. Pompeii Forum Project - This study of the forum by the University of Virginia includes a photographic survey
of its architecture and sensitive maps of Pompeii and its forum leading to 360-degree panoramas.
11. Pont Du Gard - History and photographs of the aqueduct built by Agrippa. Located near Nimes, France.
Ancient ROME
12. Roman Aqueduct Manual - Provides instructions on designing aqueducts, for a water engineer in ancient
Rome.
13. Roman Aqueducts - A ranked and annotated listing of websites, pages and images from Bill Thayer's Lacus
Curtius.
14. Roman Aqueducts - Extensive listing of viaducts with photographs and commentary.
15. Roman Aqueducts Today - Essay on current day locations and construction details. Includes photographs,
diagrams, and related links.
16. Roman Architecture - An illustrated introduction to Roman columns and arches by Jordan Drew, with images
of famous Roman buildings and the three main orders - Doric, Ionic and Corinthian.
17. Roman Architecture - Course notes by Dr. Franklin Toker of Pittsburgh University, providing an illustrated
introduction and major works.
18. Roman Architecture - San Jose State University provides an extensive gallery of expandable images, accessed
via pull-down menu and selection from an array. Basic information is given for each.
19. Roman Baths - Essay on the design and functions of Roman Baths by J.K. Gillon.
20. Rome: Ancient Sites - Virtual reconstructions of the Theatre of Marcellus and Circus Maximus.
21. Rome: Engineering an Empire: History Channel documentary in 10 parts. (YouTube video)
22. RomeReborn1.0 - An international project based at the University of Virginia, which aims to create a digital
model illustrating the entire urban development of ancient Rome. Users can navigate the model or view still
images.
23. The Colosseum - Comprehensive coverage by Andrea and Daniele Pepe and Catherine McElwee of the
history and architecture of greatest amphitheatre of antiquity, built by the Flavian emperors in the first
century AD.
24. The Pompeian House - Essay on the construction and decoration of the Pompeian House.
25. The Roman Aqueduct of Metz - Features the history, route, and construction. Includes photographs,
diagrams, and bibliography.
26. The Theatrum Pompei Project - Ulysses Vestal's collection of resources that pertain to the monuments of Cn.
Pompeius Magnus, including primary sources, bibliography and a chronology of building during the fifties
B.C.
27. Trajan's Column - Paul Barrette's history, image database and discussion of this 100-foot marble sculptural
monument built during the reign of Emperor Trajan (98-117 AD).
Literature
1. Open Directory Project page for Classical Literature of Ancient Rome (organized alphabetically by writer)
2. "Overview: Aeneid." Epics for Students. Ed. Sara Constantakis. 2nd ed. Detroit: Gale, Literature Resource
Center. Gale. (LAPL login required)
3. Batstone, William W. "Catullus." Ancient Roman Writers. Ed. Ward W. Briggs. Dictionary of Literary
Biography Vol. 211. Detroit: Gale Group, 1999. Literature Resource Center. Gale. (LAPL login required)
4. Costa, C.D.N. "Seneca: Overview." Reference Guide to World Literature. Ed. Lesley Henderson. 2nd ed. New
York: St. James Press, 1995. Literature Resource Center. Gale. (LAPL login required)
5. Cusick, Edmund. "Metamorphoses: Overview." Reference Guide to World Literature. Ed. Lesley Henderson.
2nd ed. New York: St. James Press, 1995. Literature Resource Center. Gale. (LAPL login required)
6. Erasmo, Mario. "Creating Tragedy." Roman Tragedy: Theatre to Theatricality. Austin: University of Texas
Press, 2004. 9-30. Rpt. in Classical and Medieval Literature Criticism. Vol. 102. Detroit: Gale, Literature
Resource Center. Gale. (LAPL login required)
7. Horsfall,, Nicholas. "Vergil." Ancient Roman Writers. Ed. Ward W. Briggs. Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol.
211. Detroit: Gale Group, 1999. Literature Resource Center. Gale. (LAPL login required)
8. Knox, Peter E. "Ovid." Ancient Roman Writers. Ed. Ward W. Briggs. Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 211.
Detroit: Gale Group, 1999. Literature Resource Center. Gale. (LAPL login required)
Ancient ROME
9. Laistner, M.L. W. "'Livy, the Man and the Writer,' and 'Livy, the Historian,'." The Greater Roman Historians.
University of California Press, 1947. 65-82. Rpt. in Classical and Medieval Literature Criticism. Ed. Jelena O.
Krstovic. Vol. 11. Detroit: Gale Research, 1993. Literature Resource Center. Gale. (LAPL login required)
10. Mackail, J. W. "The Rome of Nero: Seneca, Lucan, Petronius." Latin Literature. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1895.
171-185. Rpt. inClassical and Medieval Literature Criticism. 6.Rpt. in Classical and Medieval Literature
Criticism. Ed. Jelena O. Krstovic. Vol. 6. Detroit: Gale Research, 1991. Literature Resource Center. Gale. (LAPL
login required).
11. Mommsen, Theodor. "Literature and Art." The History of Rome. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1908. 219-260. Rpt.
inClassical and Medieval Literature Criticism. 14.Rpt. in Classical and Medieval Literature Criticism. Ed.
Jelena O. Krstovic. Vol. 14. Detroit: Gale Research, 1995. Literature Resource Center. Gale. (LAPL login
required)
12. Raby, Gyllian. "Seneca's Trojan Women: Identity and Survival in the Aftermath of War." Seneca in
Performance. Ed. George W. M. Harrison London: Duckworth, with the Classical Press of Wales, 2000. 173195. Rpt. in Classical and Medieval Literature Criticism. Ed. Jelena O. Krstovic. Vol. 107. Detroit: Gale,
Literature Resource Center. Gale. (LAPL login required)
13. Woodman, A. J. "Livy: Overview." Reference Guide to World Literature. Ed. Lesley Henderson. 2nd ed. New
York: St. James Press, 1995. Literature Resource Center. Gale. (LAPL login required)
Statuary
1. Ancient Art (at The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri)
2. Ancient Rome - The State Hermitage Museum: Collection Highlights. This varied collection of Roman art
spans the period from the late period of the Republic (1st century BC) to the late Empire (4th century AD),
but most important is the collection of sculptural portraits. Illustrated.
3. Ancient Rome Collection at the British Museum (click here for Art of Roman Britain)
4. Fayum Mummy Portraits
5. Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Antiquities (275 selected works) in the collection of the Musée du Louvre, Paris
6. Riley Collection of Roman Portrait Sculptures - Online catalog of the Roman portrait sculptures at the Cedar
Rapids Museum of Art. Images from all angles and commentary on their historical and cultural context, with
sources.
7. Roman Art in the collection of the Musée du Louvre, Paris
8. Roman Ceramics - A scientific look at subjects such as Roman brick, amphoras, Corinth ceramics, Megarian
bowls, terracottas.
9. Roman Sculpture from the Republic to Constantine (The Heilbrunn Timeline of Art) from the Metropolitan
Museum of Art
10. The Getty Villa collection: to search the collection type search term into the search screen (example”
“Roman Portrait Busts’)
11. Theatrum Pompei Project - The Theatrum Pompei Project covers the theater of Pompey and Rome during
the fifties B.C.
12. Virtual Sculpture Gallery of Selected Roman Sculpture (with painted comparisons)
13. A Roman Sarcophagus and Its Patron by JEAN SORABELLA, Assistant Museum Educator, The Metropolitan
Museum of Art, and Assistant Professoof Art History, Providence College
Political Culture
Rulers/leadership
1. "Decadence, Rome and Romania, and the Emperors Who Weren't", by Kelley L. Ross, Ph.D.
2. A History of Rome: History Channel documentary in nine parts (YouTube video)
3. De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of the Roman Emperors and their families
Ancient ROME
4. Elections at Rome in 217 B. C., G. V. Sumner, Phoenix, Vol. 29, No. 3 (Autumn, 1975), pp. 250-259. (JSTOR
login required)
5. Julius Caesar and Ancient Rome: The Rise and Fall of an Empire: BBC documentary in 6 parts (YouTube)
6. Open Directory Project on Roman leaders (Republic and Imperial) organized by alphabetically by name of
leader/emperor
7. Roman History [ ] - The Etruscans, Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic, Punic Wars, Conquest of the Hellenistic
Empires, Republican Crisis, Julius Caesar, Augustus, Imperial Rome, 14-180 AD, Calamitious Century. 180-284
AD, the Late Empire
8. Rome at its Height - Part of the Lectures in Medieval History Series, by Lynn Harry Nelson at University of
Kansas. Includes a map as well as an analysis of the Roman Empire at its peak.
9. Rome Political System [ ] - An overview of the three periods of the Roman political system.
10. The Late Roman Republic: The decline and fall of trust, An essay on the loss of trust in societies both ancient
and modern
11. The Lives of the Twelve Caesars by Suetonius (Latin and English translation)
12. The Roman Republic and the Roman Empire: click on Early Republic or Late Republic
13. The Roman Republic from In Our Time (BBC Radio 4)
Military culture
1. Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic and Civil Wars - Julius Caesar's accounts of the Gallic and civil wars extensive text file 58-47 B.C.
2. Legio III Augusta - An operational history of the third Roman legion by John J. Hartwell.
3. ORB: The Late Roman Army - Article describing changes in the Roman army during and after Diocletian (284305 A.D.).
4. RedRampant.com - Information on the Roman army, the legions and various campaigns. With pictures of
uniforms, shield patterns, and armor.
5. Roman Helmet Database - Database under construction to capture all known Roman helmets with image
and description
6. Roman Power and Conquest in the Early 4th Century BC - A study written by Gordon Davis of the land and its
people, the economy, the army, politics, enemies, and conquests.
7. RomanArmy.com - Resource for Roman military studies, including an image database for Roman soldier's
grave stones with Latin texts, and a discussion group for archaeology and reenactment.
8. The Battle of Teutoburg Forest - Article by Tim Harry describing the events of the campaign.
9. The Roman Army - Describes Roman military organisation from the early Republican period through to the
late Byzantine period.
10. The Roman Army In Caerleon - Fortress for one of the 30 legions of the army.
11. The Roman Army in the First Century CE - A writing according to Josephus.
12. The Roman Army in the Late Republic and Early Empire - Covers the Roman army from about 70 B.C. to 30
A.D., includes descriptions of key officer ranks, formations and military buildings/fortifications.
13. The Roman Army Page - Information about Roman legions during the imperial era, including organisation,
funding, privileges of ordinary soldiers, plus links to other sites.
14. The Roman Way of Declaring War - Highly needful to observe all the necessary formalities in beginning
hostilities according to Livy.
15. Victori - The Roman Military - A resource on the weapons, tactics, and history of the ancient Roman military.
Commerce and Trade
1. Additions to the Gallery of Greek and Roman Daily Life, Christine Alexander, The Metropolitan Museum of
Art Bulletin, Vol. 33, No. 8 (Aug., 1938), pp. 184-186. (JSTOR login required)
2. Ancient Rome - A wealth of information about many aspects of ancient Rome, including history, culture,
government and art.
Ancient ROME
3. Ancient Rome - Directory of sites with art, biographies, daily life, maps, pictures, and related research.
4. Anno Urbis - The Roman Empire Online - A comprehensive archive of texts and reference works dealing with
the Roman Empire and its culture.
5. Economic Stagnation in the Early Roman Empire, Mason Hammond, The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 6,
Supplement: The Tasks of Economic History (May, 1946), pp. 63-90. (JSTOR login required)
6. Financial Intermediation in the Early Roman Empire, Peter Temin, The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 64,
No. 3 (Sep., 2004), pp. 705-733. (JSTOR login required)
7. Market-Days in the Roman Empire, Ramsay MacMullen, Phoenix, Vol. 24, No. 4 (Winter, 1970), pp. 333-341.
(JSTOR login required)
8. Roman Farm Management - Translations of Cato the Elder's "De Agricultura" and Varro's "Rerum Rusticarum
Libri Tres." In plain text (two version) or as a zip file, from Project Gutenberg.
9. Scheidel, Walter (April 2006): Population and Demography, Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics,
Version 1.0
10. THE CAUSES OF THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE, André Piganiol, The Journal of General Education, Vol. 5,
No. 1 (October 1950), pp. 62-69. (JSTOR login r
11. The Domus of Senex Caecilius - Modeled visit to ancient home "domus" and country farm. Each room has
history of Roman living spaces, festivals, decoration, worship, and daily living. Includes learning games and
puzzles.
12. The Economic Collapse of the Roman Empire, Louis C. West, The Classical Journal, Vol. 28, No. 2 (Nov., 1932),
pp. 96-106. (JSTOR login required)
13. The Economy of the Early Roman Empire, Peter Temin, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 20, No. 1
(Winter, 2006), pp. 133-151. (JSTOR login required)
14. The Grain Trade under the Roman Empire, G. E. Rickman, Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome, Vol.
36, The Seaborne Commerce of Ancient Rome: Studies in Archaeology and History (1980), pp. 261-275.
(JSTOR login required)
15. The Romano-British Amphora Trade to A.D. 43 An Overview
16. Trade and Travel in the Roman Empire, Benjamin W. Wells, The Classical Journal, Vol. 19, No. 1 (Oct., 1923),
pp. 7-16. (JSTOR login required)
17. Translation, Migration, and Communication in the Roman Empire: Three Aspects of Movement in History,
Claudia Moatti, Classical Antiquity, Vol. 25, No. 1 (Apr., 2006), pp. 109-140. (JSTOR login required)
18. Windows, Baths, and Solar Energy in the Roman Empire, James W. Ring, American Journal of Archaeology,
Vol. 100, No. 4 (Oct., 1996), pp. 717-724. (JSTOR login required)
Social culture
Class
Social Class and Public Display
Social Order in the Roman Empire of the 1st century AD
Roman Social Order from Historia
Epitaphs and Social Classes from Archeology.com
Social Pecking Order in the Roman World: essay by Dr. Valerie Hope from BBC History
A Brief Social History of the Roman Empire
Social struggles in archaic Rome: new perspectives on the conflict of the orders by Kurt A. Raaflaub
The Growth of Plebeian Privilege at Rome, J. L. Strachan-Davidson, The English Historical Review
Vol. 1, No. 2 (Apr., 1886), pp. 209-217. (JSTOR login required)
9. Patrician and Plebian
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Ancient ROME
Slavery
1. Bandits in the Roman Empire, Brent D. Shaw, Past & Present, No. 105 (Nov., 1984), pp. 3-52. (JSTOR login
required)
2. Gladiatorial Combat: The Rules of Engagement, M. J. Carter, The Classical Journal, Vol. 102, No. 2 (Dec. - Jan.,
2006/2007), pp. 97-114. (JSTOR login required)
3. Gladiators in the Theatre, E. J. Jory, The Classical Quarterly, New Series, Vol. 36, No. 2 (1986), pp. 537-539.
(JSTOR login required)
4. Human Rights in Ancient Rome - A comprehensive analysis of human rights and offers enlightening
comparisons between the Roman and twentieth century understanding of human rights by Richard A.
Bauman, 2000 by subscription.
5. Proto-Racism in Graeco-Roman Antiquity, Benjamin Isaac, World Archaeology, Vol. 38, No. 1, Race, Racism
and Archaeology (Mar., 2006), pp. 32-47. (JSTOR login required)
6. Roman Slavery
7. Slave Education in the Roman Empire, S. L. Mohler, Transactions and Proceedings of the American
Philological Association, Vol. 71 (1940), pp. 262-280. (JSTOR login required)
8. Slavery and Christianity - Discusses the history.
9. Slavery in the Roman Republic - Conduct and treatment.
10. Slavery in the Roman Republic: Introduces article that features the conduct and treatment of slaves during
the Roman republic.
11. Slavery, Ethical Aspect of - In Greek and Roman civilization slavery on an extensive scale formed an essential
element of the social structure; and consequently the ethical speculators, no less than the practical
statesmen, regarded it as a just and indispensable institution.
12. Slavery: basic information on practice of slavery until 3rd century from Rome Exposed
13. Spectacles of Death in Ancient Rome - Provides compelling perspectives on the bloody entertainment of the
ancient city by Donald G. Kyle, 1998 by subscription.
14. The First Sicilian Slave War, Peter Green, Past & Present, No. 20 (Nov., 1961), pp. 10-29. (JSTOR login
required)
15. The Labor Market of the Early Roman Empire, Peter Temin, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Vol. 34, No. 4
(Spring, 2004), pp. 513-538. (JSTOR login required)
16. The Later Roman Empire, Tasker H. Bliss, The Catholic Historical Review, Vol. 9, No. 4 (Jan., 1924), pp. 546551. (JSTOR login required)
17. Two Aspects of the Spartacus Slave Revolt, Barry Baldwin, The Classical Journal, Vol. 62, No. 7 (Apr., 1967),
pp. 289-294. (JSTOR login required)
Gender
1. "An etext version of: Ferrero, Guglielmo. "Women and Marriage in Ancient Rome." The Women of the
Caesars. The Century Co.; New York, 1911. This edition was created by Jone Johnson Lewis, 2003."
2. "Wife-beating in Ancient Rome": an article by Joy Connolly in the TLS, April 9, 2008
3. Ancient Roman Women: A Look at their Lives - Overview page with footnote sources regarding the position
of Roman women in the ancient world.
4. article Vestales in Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
5. City Patronesses in the Roman Empire, Emily A. Hemelrijk, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, Vol. 53,
No. 2 (2004), pp. 209-245. (JSTOR login required)
6. Hair and the Artifice of Roman female adornment: scholarly essay by Elizabeth Bartman from American
Journal of Archeology
7. House of the Vestal Virgins
8. Moya K. Mason, Ancient Roman Women: A Look at their Lives. Essay on the lives of Roman women.
Ancient ROME
9. Rodolfo Lanciani (1898) "The Fall of a Vestal" Chapter 6, in Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries.
Houghton, Mifflin and Company, Boston and New York, 1898.
10. Roman Women: Following the Clues (BBC) - Women - were they any different in Roman times from how
they are today? Sort truth from fiction to decide if things have changed since women were first depicted as
loving or resentful wives, daughters, servants and workers.
11. The Code of Patria Potestas
12. The Emancipation of Women in Ancient Rome by Roger VIGNERON et Jean-François GERKENS1 (Université
de Liège)
13. The Roman Makeover - Recreating Roman feminine makeup, hairstyles, ornamentation.
14. Theaters in the Roman Empire, Mary T. Boatwright, The Biblical Archaeologist, Vol. 53, No. 4 (Dec., 1990), pp.
184-192. (JSTOR login required)
15. Woman in Public in the Roman Empire, Ramsay MacMullen, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, Vol. 29,
No. 2 (2nd Qtr., 1980), pp. 208-218. (JSTOR login required)
16. Woman of Rome: Private Life and Public Personae - Detailed site on aspects of the lives of Roman women
both publicly and privately.
17. Women in the Ancient World: a brief description followed with links to more in-depth information of
women’s lives in Imperial Rome
18. Women of Rome - In-depth essay concerning the life of a typical young Roman woman, 1st century BC.
Entertainment
Gladiators
1. Gladiatorial Combat: The Rules of Engagement, M. J. Carter, The Classical Journal, Vol. 102, No. 2 (Dec. - Jan.,
2006/2007), pp. 97-114. (JSTOR login required)
2. Gladiators in the Theatre, E. J. Jory, The Classical Quarterly, New Series, Vol. 36, No. 2 (1986), pp. 537-539.
(JSTOR login required)
3. Gladiators: Heroes of the Roman Amphitheatre by Professor Kathleen Coleman
4. Human Rights in Ancient Rome - A comprehensive analysis of human rights and offers enlightening
comparisons between the Roman and twentieth century understanding of human rights by Richard A.
Bauman, 2000 by subscription.
5. On War and Games in the Ancient World by T.J. Cornell
6. Roman Civilization and the Gladiator: background from History 206 from Bates College, Lewiston, Maine
7. Spectacles of Death in Ancient Rome - Provides compelling perspectives on the bloody entertainment of the
ancient city by Donald G. Kyle, 1998 by subscription.
8. The Colosseum: Building the Arena of Death
9. The Colosseum: Emblem of Rome by Keith Hopkins
10. The Roman Gladiator: essay from University of Chicago
Theater
1. The History of Greek and Roman Theatre from Theatre History
2. Erasmo, Mario. "Creating Tragedy." Roman Tragedy: Theatre to Theatricality. Austin: University of Texas
Press, 2004. 9-30. Rpt. in Classical and Medieval Literature Criticism. Vol. 102. Detroit: Gale, Literature
Resource Center. Gale. (LAPL login required)
3. "Roman Drama." Classical and Medieval Literature Criticism. Ed. Jelena O. Krstovic. Vol. 92. Detroit: Gale,
2007. Literature Resource Center. Gale. (LAPL login required)
4. Walpole, Arthur Sumner. "The Comedies of Terence." The Edinburgh Review. 155.318 (Apr. 1882): 364-381.
Rpt. inClassical and Medieval Literature Criticism. 14.Rpt. in Classical and Medieval Literature Criticism. Ed.
Jelena O. Krstovic. Vol. 14. Detroit: Gale Research, 1995. Literature Resource Center. Gale. (LAPL login
required)
Ancient ROME
5. Konstan, David. "Introduction." Roman Comedy. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983. 15-32. Rpt. in
Classical and Medieval Literature Criticism. Ed. Jelena O. Krstovic. Vol. 92. Detroit: Gale, 2007. Literature
Resource Center. Gale. (LAPL login required)
6. Mackail, J. W. "The Rome of Nero: Seneca, Lucan, Petronius." Latin Literature. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1895.
171-185. Rpt. inClassical and Medieval Literature Criticism. 6.Rpt. in Classical and Medieval Literature
Criticism. Ed. Jelena O. Krstovic. Vol. 6. Detroit: Gale Research, 1991. Literature Resource Center. Gale. (LAPL
login required).
7. Moore, Timothy J. "Plautus." Ancient Roman Writers. Ed. Ward W. Briggs. Dictionary of Literary Biography
Vol. 211. Detroit: Gale Group, 1999. Literature Resource Center. Gale. (LAPL login required)
8. Mackail, J. W. "Comedy: Plautus and Terence." Latin Literature. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1895. 14-26. Rpt. in
Classical and Medieval Literature Criticism. Ed. Jelena O. Krstovic. Vol. 14. Detroit: Gale Research, 1995.
Literature Resource Center. Gale. (LAPL login required)
9. Mommsen, Theodor. "Literature and Art." The History of Rome. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1908. 219-260. Rpt.
inClassical and Medieval Literature Criticism. 14.Rpt. in Classical and Medieval Literature Criticism. Ed.
Jelena O. Krstovic. Vol. 14. Detroit: Gale Research, 1995. Literature Resource Center. Gale. (LAPL login
required)
10. Duff, J. Wright. "The Theatre and the Masters of Comedy." A Literary History of Rome. Ernest Benn Limited,
1960. 148-162. Rpt. in Literature Resource Center. Detroit: Gale, Literature Resource Center. Gale. (LAPL
login required)
11. Goldberg, Sander M. "Terence: Overview." Reference Guide to World Literature. Ed. Lesley Henderson. 2nd
ed. New York: St. James Press, 1995. Literature Resource Center. Gale. (LAPL login required)
12. Mercier, Charles E. "Terence." Ancient Roman Writers. Ed. Ward W. Briggs. Dictionary of Literary Biography
Vol. 211. Detroit: Gale Group, 1999. Literature Resource Center. Gale. (LAPL login required)
Athletics (archery, wrestling, horse riding, Roman board games, etc.)
1. An Athlete's Reward, S. E. Stout, The Classical Journal, Vol. 49, No. 8 (May, 1954), pp. 361-362. (JSTOR login
required)
2. Greek Athletics as Roman Spectacle: The Mosaics from Ostia and Rome, Zahra Newby, Papers of the British
School at Rome, Vol. 70 (2002), pp. 177-203. (JSTOR login required)
3. Gladiatorial Combat: The Rules of Engagement, M. J. Carter, The Classical Journal, Vol. 102, No. 2 (Dec. - Jan.,
2006/2007), pp. 97-114. (JSTOR login required)
4. Mysteries of the Ancient East [ ] - A look at China, Egypt and Rome as they were 2000 years ago. Includes
information on art, beliefs, food, history, and inventions of these ancient cultures.
5. The Games in Ancient Rome
6. A History of Roman Sports
7. Roman Sports for Dummies
8. Physical Fitness in Ancient Roman Boys and Men: How Athletics and Physical Activities Ensured a Militaristic
Society by Steve Fife
9. Ancient Athletic Guilds, Clarence A. Forbes, Classical Philology, Vol. 50, No. 4 (Oct., 1955), pp. 238-252.
(JSTOR login required)
Culinary Arts
1. Eight recipes from Around the Roman Table Food and Feasting in Ancient Rome By Patrick Faas
2. How to prepare a 5 courses ancient Roman banquet by Apicius
3. In Defense of Garum, Robert I. Curtis, The Classical Journal, Vol. 78, No. 3 (Feb. - Mar., 1983), pp. 232-240.
(JSTOR login required)
4. James Grout's Apicius, part of the Encyclopædia Romana
Ancient ROME
5. Land and Sea: Italy and the Mediterranean in the Roman Discourse of Dining, John Wilkins, The American
Journal of Philology, Vol. 124, No. 3, Special Issue: Roman Dining (Autumn, 2003), pp. 359-375. (JSTOR login
required)
6. Mysteries of the Ancient East [ ] - A look at China, Egypt and Rome as they were 2000 years ago. Includes
information on art, beliefs, food, history, and inventions of these ancient cultures.
7. Partial re-translation from a German translation, adapted for modern cooking styles
8. Roman Fish Sauces, Thomas H. Corcoran, The Classical Journal, Vol. 58, No. 5 (Feb., 1963), pp. 204-210.
(JSTOR login required)
9. Roman Fishermen, Thomas H. Corcoran, The Classical World, Vol. 56, No. 4 (Jan., 1963), pp. 97-100+102
(JSTOR login required)
10. Secrets of Lost Empires: a Roman Spa Day
11. Some of Apicius's recipes online
12. The Culinary Reality of Roman Upper-Class Convivia: Integrating Texts and Images, John H. D'Arms,
Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Jul., 2004), pp. 428-450. (JSTOR login required)
13. The Rth Dimension: Ancient Rome - Rich Hamper offers unusual information on aspects of life in the late
Republic. Topics include cosmetics, music, interjections, hair, pets, and sanitation.
14. Voyage Back in Time to Ancient Greece and Rome [ ] - Geography, government, agriculture, architecture,
music, art, religion, sports, and roles of men, women, and children.
Science, Philosophy & Theology
Theology
1. Bread and Circuses, Eva Matthews Sanford, The Classical Weekly, Vol. 45, No. 2 (Nov. 26, 1951), pp. 17-21.
(JSTOR login required)
2. Christianity and the Roman Empire by Dr Sophie Lunn-Rockliffe
3. Collegium Religionis Societatis Viae Romanae - Dedicated to the study and practice of the Religio Romana,
emphasizing the most recent historical research into the Religio Romana and other pagan traditions that
influenced it.
4. Graeco Ritu: A Typically Roman Way of Honoring the Gods, John Scheid, Harvard Studies in Classical
Philology, Vol. 97, Greece in Rome: Influence, Integration, Resistance (1995), pp. 15-31. (JSTOR login
required)
5. Lost and Hidden Christianity by Dr Sophie Lunn-Rockliffe
6. Religio Romana - The Religio Romana is the pre-Christian religion of Rome. Sometimes called "Roman
Paganism", modern practice the Religio Romana is an attempt to reconstruct the ancient faith of Rome as
closely as possible, making as few concessions to modern sensibilities as possible.
7. Roman Burial, W. R. Halliday, The Classical Review, Vol. 35, No. 7/8 (Nov. - Dec., 1921), pp. 154-155. (JSTOR
login required)
8. Roman Deities - Basic information on a dozen Roman deities, with links.
9. Roman Goddesses Realm - Goddess names, attributes and descriptions.
10. Roman Gods and Goddesses - A table of deities of the Roman religion along with their attributes, compiled
by Gregory Flood.
11. Roman Myth, Judith De Luce, The Classical World, Vol. 98, No. 2 (Winter, 2005), pp. 202-205. (JSTOR login
required)
12. Roman Mythology - Basic information on Roman deities and myths, including a quiz.
13. Saturnalia - A Winter Solstice Ritual - This ritual compresses the Consualia (for Consus, God of the Storage
Bin), the Saturnalia (for Saturn, God of Sowing), and the Opalia (for Ops, Goddess of Plenty) into a single
festival, a Brumalia, or Winter Solstice (Bruma) ritual.
Ancient ROME
14. Temple of Religio Romana - A religious organization existing for the purposes of enlightenment and
assistance in the areas of faith, personal growth, and education of the ancient Roman culture.
15. The Development of the Decemviri Sacris Faciundis, Aline Abaecherli Boyce, Transactions and Proceedings of
the American Philological Association, Vol. 69 (1938), pp. 161-187. (JSTOR login required)
16. The Mythology of Saturn - Profile of the harvest deity Saturn.
17. The Pagan Shadow of Christ? by Professor Roger Beck
18. The Ritual Validity of the Ludi Scaenici, William M. Green, The Classical Weekly, Vol. 26, No. 20 (Mar. 27,
1933), pp. 156-157. (JSTOR login required)
19. The S.P.Q.R. in Two Roman Festivals of the Early and Mid-Cinquecento, Bonner Mitchell, The Sixteenth
Century Journal, Vol. 9, No. 4, Central Renaissance Conference (Winter, 1978), pp. 94-102. (JSTOR login
required)
20. The Site of Dramatic Performances at Rome in the Times of Plautus and Terence, Catharine Saunders,
Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, Vol. 44 (1913), pp. 87-97. (JSTOR
login required)
21. The Vestal Virgins of Rome - A brief descriptive history of the Vestal Virgins of Rome.
22. UNRV Roman History - A detailed look into the gods, religion and mythology of the Roman World.
Science
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Amphitheatres of the Roman World, Herbert W. Benario, The Classical Journal, Vol. 76, No. 3 (Feb. - Mar.,
1981), pp. 255-258. (JSTOR login required)
Discussion of the inventions of Vitruvius
Galen of Pergamum (Greek
Medicine at Sea: Underwater Discovery of Roman Surgical Equipment
Medicine in Ancient Rome
Roman Concrete – Roman concrete buildings
Roman Engineering Works and Their Aesthetic Character: The Pont du Gard, G. Baldwin Brown
Roman Traction Systems – Horse, harness, wagon
Shockwave-Animation: The Odometer of Vitruv
Shockwave-Animations of ancient inventions
Surgical tools used in ancient Rome
Teaching Roman Tech, or "Technology and Culture in the Roman Empire", George W. Houston, The Classical
Journal, Vol. 95, No. 1 (Oct. - Nov., 1999), pp. 65-72. (JSTOR login required)
Technological Innovation and Economic Progress in the Ancient World: M. I. Finley Re-Considered, Kevin
Greene, The Economic History Review, New Series, Vol. 53, No. 1 (Feb., 2000), pp. 29-59. (JSTOR login
required)
The Riddle of Roman Concrete
The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 22, Part 1: Papers Dedicated to Sir George Macdonald K.C.B. (1932), pp.
47-54. (JSTOR login required)
The Roman Calendar
Traianus – Technical investigation of Roman public works
Trajan's Engines, Neville Morley, Greece & Rome, Second Series, Vol. 47, No. 2 (Oct., 2000), pp. 197-210.
(JSTOR login required)
Vitruvius and Roman Theater Design, Frank B. Sear, American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 94, No. 2 (Apr.,
1990), pp. 249-258. (JSTOR login required)
Vitruvius, G. Baldwin Brown, The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 28, No. 153 (Dec., 1915), pp.
101-104. (JSTOR login required)
Vitruvius, Lead Pipes and Lead Poisoning, A. Trevor Hodge, American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 85, No. 4
(Oct., 1981), pp. 486-491. (JSTOR login required)
Ancient ROME
Philosophy
1. Ancient Roman philosophy: Discourses by Epictetus - A selection from the Discourses of Epictetus, ancient
Roman philosopher who was born 60 AD, on surrender and the will of God.
2. Ancient Rome - Philosophy - Overview of ancient Roman philosophy by Richard Hooker.
3. Classical Political Philosophy - Essays on Greek and Roman political thinkers and experiences.
4. EAWC Anthology: Ennead I.6 [1], On Beauty - Ancient World Cultures series provided by the University of
Evansville.
5. EAWC: Exploring Ancient World Cultures - A series of on-line course supplements for students and teachers
of the ancient and medieval worlds provided by the University of Evansville.
6. Full text (in Latin): Horace’s Satirae (= Satires), Epistolae (= Epistles, Letters), etc. From archive.org. Retrieved
13 September 2010.
7. Greek Philosophy: Hellenistic Philosophy - This chapter of the learning module, Ancient Greece, briefly
outlines the ideas of the major Hellenistic philosophies including Epicureanism, Stoicism, and Cynicism
8. History of Ancient & Medieval Philosophy - Lecture notes for a course taught by Dr. Charles Ess at Drury
University.
9. History of Ancient Philosophy - Lecture notes to S. Marc Cohen's course at the University of Washington.
10. Horace's Criticism of Life, Donald A. Macnaughton, Greece & Rome, Vol. 7, No. 20 (Feb., 1938), pp. 101-114
(JSTOR login required)
11. Hypatia and Her Mathematics, Michael A. B. Deakin, The American Mathematical Monthly, Vol. 101, No. 3
(Mar., 1994), pp. 234-243. (JSTOR login required)
12. Hypatia of Alexandria, A. W. Richeson, National Mathematics Magazine, Vol. 15, No. 2 (Nov., 1940), pp. 7482. (JSTOR login required)
13. Hypatia of Alexandria: Defender of Reason Hypatia's impact on the course of human history.
14. Hypatia, Alexandria's Great Female Scholar: from Smithsonian magazine
15. Hypatia, Elbert Hubbard, Improving College and University Teaching, Vol. 20, No. 1, The Higher Education of
Women (Winter, 1972), pp. 8-9. (JSTOR login required)
16. International Society for Neoplatonic Studies
17. Nicene and Postnicene Fathers - Essay by Philip Schaff.
18. On the Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature -- Karl Marx's doctoral
dissertation, 1841
19. Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy: Volume XX - John E. Sisko reviews this collection of essays edited by
David Sedley. From Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews.
20. Phronesis - Scholarly journal for the study of ancient Greek and Roman thought, available in print and digital
formats. Offers information about subscribing and reproductions of select articles featured in the
publication.
21. Rome, the Cosmos, and the Emperor in Seneca's "Natural Questions", Harry M. Hine, The Journal of Roman
Studies, Vol. 96 (2006), pp. 42-72. (JSTOR login required)
22. Seneca in His Philosophical Milieu, Brad Inwood, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, Vol. 97, Greece in
Rome: Influence, Integration, Resistance (1995), pp. 63-76. (JSTOR login required)
23. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Episteme and Techne - Discussion of the distinction between
knowledge and craft, or art in ancient philosophy; by Richard Parry.
24. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Plotinus - Life and work of this founder of Neoplatonism; by Lloyd
Gerson from the Stanford Encyclopedia.
25. The Neronian Literary Revolution, Mark Morford, The Classical Journal, Vol. 68, No. 3 (Feb. - Mar., 1973), pp.
210-215. (JSTOR login required)
26. WCP: Ancient Philosophy - The Paideia Project: Proceedings of the 20th World Congress of Philosophy.
Archive of contributed papers in Ancient Philosophy.