Selected References, Chapter 8, Energy Expenditure During Rest and Physical Activity

Aguirre N, et al. The role of amino acids in skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise. Nestle
Nutr Inst Workshop Ser 2013;76:85.

Ainsworth BE, et al. Compendium of physical activities: classification of energy costs of
human physical activities. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993;25:71.

Alexander RM. Physiology: enhanced: walking made simple. Science 2005;308:58.

Alfonzo-Gonzalez G, et al. Estimation of daily energy needs with the FAO/WHO/UNU
1985 procedures in adults: comparison to whole-body indirect calorimetry measurements.
Eur J Clin Nutr 2004;58:1125.

Angus SD. Did recent world record marathon runners employ optimal pacing strategies? J
Sports Sci 2014;32:31.

Ariëns GA, et al. The longitudinal development of running economy in males and females
aged between 13 and 27 years: the Amsterdam Growth and Health Study. Eur J Appl
Physiol 1997;76:214.

Barbosa TM, et al. Energetics and biomechanics as determining factors of swimming
performance: updating the state of the art. J Sci Med Sport 2010;13:262.

Barbosa TM, et al. Energy cost and intracyclic variation of the velocity of the centre of mass
in butterfly stroke. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005;93:519.

Bassett DR Jr, et al. Metabolic responses to drafting during front crawl swimming. Med Sci
Sports Exerc 1991;23:744.

Bellou E, et al. Effect of high-intensity interval exercise on basal triglyceride metabolism in
non-obese men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013;38:823.

Berry M, et al. Effects of body mass on exercise efficiency and during steady-state cycling.
Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993;25:1031.

Bertram JE. Constrained optimization in human walking: cost minimization and gait
plasticity. J Exp Biol 2005;208:979.

Bilodeau B, et al. Effect of drafting on heart rate in cross country skiing. Med Sci Sports
Exerc 1994;26:637.

Blanc S, et al. Energy requirements in the eighth decade of life. Am J Clin Nutr
2004;79:303.

Bonen A, et al. Maximal oxygen uptake during free, tethered, and flume swimming. J Appl
Physiol 1980;48:232.

Browning RC, et al. The effects of adding mass to the legs on the energetics and
biomechanics of walking. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007;39:515.

Browning RC, et al. Pound for pound: working out how obesity influences the energetics of
walking. J Appl Physiol 2009;106:1755.

Butte NF, et al. Energy requirements of women of reproductive age. Am J Clin Nutr
2003;77:630.

Byrne NM, et al. Metabolic equivalent: one size does not fit all. J Appl Physiol
2005;99:1112.

Caird SJ, et al. Biofeedback and relaxation techniques improve running economy in subelite long distance runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999;31:717.

Cavanagh PR, Kram R. Mechanical and muscular factors affecting the efficiency of human
movement. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1985;17:326.

Cavanagh PR, Kram R. Stride length in distance running: velocity, body dimensions, and
added mass effects. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1989;21:467.

Chasan-Taber L, et al. Development and validation of a pregnancy physical activity
questionnaire. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004;36:1750.

Chatard J-C, et al. Performance and drag during drafting swimming in highly trained
triathletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998;30:1276.

Chatard J-C, et al. Drafting distance in swimming. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003;35:1176.

Chatard JC, Wilson B. Effect of fastskin suits on performance, drag, and energy cost of
swimming. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008;40:1149.

Clevenger HC, et al. Acute effect of dietary fatty acid composition on postprandial
metabolism in women. Exp Physiol 2014;99:1182.

Collings PJ, et al. Physical activity intensity, sedentary time, and body composition in
preschoolers. Am J Clin Nutr 2013;97:1020.

Cortesi MF, et al. Passive drag reduction using full-body swimsuits: the role of body
position. J Strength Cond Res 2014;28:3164.

Coyle EF. Improved muscular efficiency displayed as Tour de France champion matures. J
Appl Physiol 2005;98:2191.

Crouter SE, et al. Accuracy of polar S410 heart rate monitor to estimate energy cost of
exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004;36:1433.

Cureton KJ, Sparling PB. Distance running performance and metabolic responses to running
in men and women with excess weight experimentally equated. Med Sci Sports Exerc
1988;12:288.

da Rocha EE, et al. Can measured resting energy expenditure be estimated by formulae in
daily clinical nutrition practice? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2005;8:319.

Das SK, et al. Energy expenditure is very high in extremely obese women. J Nutr
2004;134:1412.

DeLany JP, et al. Energy expenditure in African American and white boys and girls in a 2-y
follow-up of the Baton Rouge Children’s Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:268.

Delextrat A, et al. Drafting during swimming improves efficiency during subsequent
cycling. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003;35:1612.

Di Michele R, Merni F. The concurrent effects of strike pattern and groundcontact time on
running economy. J Sci Med Sport 2014;17:414.

Doke J, et al. Mechanics and energetics of swinging the human leg. J Exp Biol
2005;208:439.

Doma K, Deakin GB. The effects of strength training and endurance training order on
running economy and performance. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013;38:651.

Donahoo WT, et al. Variability in energy expenditure and its components. Curr Opin Clin
Nutr Metab Care 2004;7:599.

Duffield R, et al. Energy system contribution to 100-m and 200-m track running events. J
Sci Med Sport 2004;7:302.

Durnin JVGA, Passmore R. Energy, Work and Leisure. London: Heinmann, 1967.

Edwards AG, Byrnes WC. Aerodynamic characteristic as determinants of the drafting effect
in cycling. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007;39:170.

Enders H, et al. The effects of preferred and non-preferred running strike patterns on tissue
vibration properties. J Sci Med Sport 2014;17:218.

Farshchi HR, et al. Decreased thermic effect of food after an irregular compared with a
regular meal pattern in healthy lean women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004;28:653.

Figueiredo P, et al. Changes in arm coordination and stroke parameters on transition through
the lactate threshold. Eur J Appl Physiol 2013;113:1957.

Figueiredo P, et al. Interplay of biomechanical, energetic, coordinative, and muscular factors
in a 200 m front crawl swim. Biomed Res Int 2013;2013:897232.

Flodmark CE. Calculation of resting energy expenditure in obese children. Acta Paediatr
2004;93:727.

Franz JR, et al. Metabolic cost of running barefoot versus shod: is lighter better? Med Sci
Sports Exerc 2012;44:1519.

Frederick EC, et al. Lower oxygen demands of running in soft soled shoes. Res Q Exerc
Sport 1986;57:174.

Galbraith A, et al. A One-year study of endurance runners: training, laboratory and field
tests. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2014;9:1019.

Garet M, et al. Estimating relative physical workload using heart rate monitoring: a
validation by whole-body indirect calorimetry. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005;94:46.

Gault ML, et al. Cardiovascular responses during downhill treadmill walking at self-selected
intensity in older adults. J Aging Phys Act 2013;21:335.

Going S, et al. Aging and body composition: biological changes and methodological issues.
Exerc Sport Sci Rev 1995;23:459.

Gottschall JS, Kram R. Ground reaction forces during downhill and uphill running. J
Biomech 2005;38:445.

Hagberg JM, Coyle EF. Physiological determinants of endurance performance as studied in
competitive race walkers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1983;15:287.

Hall C, et al. Energy expenditure of walking and running: comparison with prediction
equations. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004;36:2128.

Halsey LG, White CR. Comparative energetics of mammalian locomotion: humans are not
different. J Hum Evol 2012;63:718.

Haugen HA, et al. Variability of resting metabolic rate. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78:1141.

Hausswirth C, et al. Effects of cycling alone or in a sheltered position on subsequent
running performance during a triathlon. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999;31:599.

Helseth J, et al. How do low horizontal forces produce disproportionately high torques in
human locomotion? J Biomech 2008;41:1747.

Hiilloskorpi HK, et al. Use of heart rate to predict energy expenditure from low to high
activity levels. Int J Sports Med 2003;24:332.

Hoyt RW, et al. Total energy expenditure estimated using foot-ground contact pedometry.
Diabetes Technol Ther 2004;6:71.

Joyner MJ. Physiological limiting factors and distance running: influence of gender and age
on record performance. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 1993;21:103.

Keytel LR, et al. Prediction of energy expenditure from heart rate monitoring during
submaximal exercise. J Sports Sci 2005;23:289.

Kien CL, Ugrasbul F. Prediction of daily energy expenditure during a feeding trial using
measurements of resting energy expenditure, fat-free mass, or Harris-Benedict equations.
Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:876.

Kinnunen H, et al. Wrist-worn accelerometers in assessment of energy expenditure during
intensive training. Physiol Meas 2012;33:1841.

Kram R. Muscular force or work: what determines the metabolic energy cost of running?
Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2000;28:138.

Kyrölälinen H, et al. Interrelationships between muscle structure, muscle strength, and
running economy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003;35:45.

Lake MJ, Cavanagh PR. Six weeks of training does not change running mechanics or
improve running economy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996;28:860.

Larsson L, Lindqvist PG. Low-impact exercise during pregnancy study of safety. Acta
Obstet Gynecol Scand 2005;84:34.

Lätt E, et al. Longitudinal development of physical and performance parameters during
biological maturation of young male swimmers. Percept Mot Skills 2009;108:297.

Lätt E, et al. Physical development and swimming performance during biological
maturation in young female swimmers. Coll Antropol 2009;33:117.

Lazzer S, et al. The energetics of ultra-endurance running. Eur J Appl Physiol
2012;112:1709.

Lin PH, et al. Estimation of energy requirements in a controlled feeding trial. Am J Clin
Nutr 2003;77:639.

Lusk G. The Elements of the Science of Nutrition. 4th Ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1928.

Malison ER, et al. Running performance in middle-school runners. J Sports Med Phys
Fitness 2004;44:383.

Manini TM. Energy expenditure and aging. Ageing Res Rev 2010;9:1.

Margaria R, et al. Energy cost of running. J Appl Physiol 1963;18:367.

Maron M, et al. Oxygen uptake measurements during competitive marathon running. J Appl
Physiol 1976;40:836.

McArdle WD, et al. Aerobic capacity, heart rate and estimated energy cost during women’s
competitive basketball. Res Q 1971;42:178.

McArdle WD, Foglia GF. Energy cost and cardiorespiratory stress of isometric and weight
training exercise. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1969;9:23.

Mollendorf JC, et al. Effect of swim suit design on passive drag. Med Sci Sports Exerc
2004;36:1029.

Mooses M, et al. Dissociation between running and running performance in elite Kenyan
distance runners. J Sports Sci 2015;33:136.

Morgan DW, et al. Longitudinal stratification of gait economy in young boys and girls: the
locomotion energy and growth study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004;91:30.

Morgan DW, et al. Prediction of the aerobic demand of walking in children. Med Sci Sports
Exerc 2002;34:2097.

Myers J. ACSM’s Resources for Clinical Exercise Physiology. 2nd Ed. Baltimore:
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010.

Naemi R, Chockalingam N. Mathematical models to assess foot-ground interaction: an
overview. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013;45:1524.

Pendergast D, et al. Energy balance of human locomotion in water. Eur J Appl Physiol
2003;90:377.

Pendergast D, et al. The influence of drag on human locomotion in water. Undersea Hyperb
Med 2005;32:45.

Pendergast DR, et al. Evaluation of fins used in underwater swimming. Undersea Hyperb
Med 2003;30:57.

Perl DP, et al. Effects of footwear and strike type on running economy. Med Sci Sports
Exerc 2012;44:1335.

Pescatello LS. ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. 9th Ed. Baltimore:
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014.

Peyrot N, et al. Why does walking economy improve after weight loss in obese adolescents?
Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012;44:659.

Piers LS, et al. Is there evidence for an age-related reduction in BMR related to quantitative
or qualitative change in components of lean tissue. J Appl Physiol 1998;85:2196.

Poehlman ET, et al. Endurance exercise in aging humans: effects on energy metabolism.
Exerc Sport Sci Rev 1994;22:751.

Pontzer H. A new model predicting locomotor cost from limb length via force production. J
Exp Biol 2005;208:1513.

Pugh LGCE, Edholm OG. The physiology of channel swimmers. Lancet 1955;2:761.

Pugh LGCE. Oxygen uptake in track and treadmill running with observations on the effect
of air resistance. J Physiol 1970;207:823.

Puthoff ML, et al. The effect of weighted vest walking on metabolic responses and ground
reaction forces. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006;38:746.

Ramirez-Marrero FA, et al. Comparison of methods to estimate physical activity and energy
expenditure in African American children. Int J Sports Med 2005;26:363.

Ratel S, Poujade B. Comparative analysis of the energy cost during front crawl swimming in
children and adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009;105:543.

Ravn AM, et al. Thermic effect of a meal and appetite in adults: an individual participant
data meta-analysis of meal-test trials. Food Nutr Res 2013;23:57.

Ray AD, et al. Respiratory muscle training reduces the work of breathing at depth. Eur J
Appl Physiol 2010;108:811.

Reeves KA. Barefoot running improves economy at high intensities and peak treadmill
velocity. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2014. [Epub ahead of print].

Reis VM, et al. Examining the accumulated oxygen deficit method in front crawl
swimming. Int J Sports Med 2010;31:421.

Rosenberger F, et al. Running 8000 m fast or slow: are there differences in energy cost and
fat metabolism? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005;37:1789.

Rotstein A, et al. Preferred transition speed between walking and running: effects of training
status. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006;37:1864.

Roy J-PR, Stefanyshyn DJ. Shoe midsole longitudinal bending stiffness and running
economy, joint energy, and EMG. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006;38:562.

Royer TD, Martin PE. Manipulations of leg mass and moment of inertia: effects on energy
cost of walking. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005;37:649.

Sabounchi NS, et al. Best-fitting prediction equations for basal metabolic rate: informing
obesity interventions in diverse populations. Int J Obes (Lond). 2013;37:1364.

Sarafian D. A standardized approach to study human variability in isometric thermogenesis
during low-intensity physical activity. Front Physiol 2013;4:155.

Saunders PU, et al. Reliability and variability of running economy in elite distance runners.
Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004;36:1972.

Sazonov ES, Schuckers S. The energetics of obesity: a review: monitoring energy intake
and energy expenditure in humans. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag 2010;29:31. Review.

Schutz Y, et al. Diet-induced thermogenesis measured over a whole day in obese and nonobese women. Am J Clin Nutr 1984;40:542.

Scott CB, Devore R. Diet-induced thermogenesis: variations among three isocaloric mealreplacement shakes. Nutrition 2005;21:874.

Slawinski JS, Billat VL. Difference in mechanical and energy cost between highly, well,
and nontrained runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004;36:1440.

Smolander J, et al. Cardiorespiratory strain during walking in snow with boots of differing
weights. Ergonomics 1989;32:319.

Sobhani S, et al. Rocker shoe, minimalist shoe, and standard running shoe: a comparison of
running economy. J Sci Med Sport 2014;17:312.

Sousa A, et al. Anaerobic alactic energy assessment in middle distance swimming. Eur J
Appl Physiol 2013;113:2153.

Speakman JR. Body size, energy metabolism and lifespan. J Exp Biol 2005;208:1717.

Srinivasan, M. Optimal speeds for walking and running, and walking on a moving walkway.
Chaos 2009;19:026112.

Støren, Ø, et al. Maximal strength training improves running economy in distance runners.
Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008;40:1087.

Stickford A. Lower leg compression, running mechanics and economy in trained distance
runners. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2015;10:76.

Taboga P, et al. Energetics and mechanics of running men: the influence of body mass. Eur
J Appl Physiol 2012;112:4027.

Tam E, et al. Energetics of running in top-level marathon runners from Kenya. Eur J Appl
Physiol 2012;112:3797.

Tharion WJ, et al. Energy requirements of military personnel. Appetite 2005;44:47.

Toussaint HM, et al. The mechanical efficiency of front crawl swimming. Med Sci Sports
Exerc 1990;22:402.

Trappe TA, et al. Thermal responses to swimming in three water temperatures: influence of
a wet suit. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995;27:1014.

Trembly A, et al. Diminished dietary thermogenesis in exercise-trained human subjects. Eur
J Appl Physiol 1983;52:1.

Unnithan V, et al. Aerobic cost in elite female adolescent swimmers. Int J Sports Med
2009;30:194.

Vasconcellos MT, Anjos LA. A simplified method for assessing physical activity level
values for a country or study population. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003;57:1025.

Vercruyssen F, et al. Cadence selection affects metabolic responses during cycling and
subsequent running time to fatigue. Br J Sports Med 2005;39:267.

Volpe Ayub B, Bar-Or O. Energy cost of walking in boys who differ in adiposity but are
matched for body mass. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003;35:669.

Weissgerber TL, et al. The role of regular physical activity in preeclampsia prevention. Med
Sci Sports Exerc 2004;36:2024.

Westerterp KR. Physical activity and physical activity induced energy expenditure in
humans: measurement, determinants, and effects. Front Physiol 2013;4:90.

Weyand PG, Bundle MW. Energetics of high-speed running: integrating classical theory
and contemporary observations. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2005;288:R956.

Williams PT. Greater weight loss from running than walking during a 6.2-yr prospective
follow-up. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013;45:76.

Willy RW, Davis IS. Kinematic and kinetic comparison of running in standard and
minimalist shoes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014;46:318.

Zamparo P, et al. How fins affect the economy and efficiency of human swimming. J Exp
Biol 2002;205:2665.

Zamparo P, et al. The interplay between propelling efficiency, hydrodynamic position and
energy cost of front crawl in 8 to 19-year-old swimmers. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008;104:689.