Daniel R. Barnes: barnesd@centinela.k12.ca.us
Environmental Science
4/17/2020 12:44 PM
Name: ___________________________________________ Seat#: ________
Period: _______ Date: ____________________________________________
Holt McDougal Environmental Science
1. Even the solid layers of the earth are said to be
“dynamic”. What does that mean?
2. What are the four main parts of the earth system?
______________________________ = rock;
Hydrosphere = ____________________________ ;
__________________________________ = _________________________________ ; and
__________________________________ = _________________________________ .
3. The biosphere extends from ________________ km below sea level to ______________ km above sea level. How thick of a layer is that? Show your math.
4. How far is it to the center of the earth? _____________________ km
5. How does the thickness of the biosphere compare to the radius of the earth? Describe it in words AND calculate the ratio as a percentage.
6. According to the textbook, the deepest well ever drilled into the earth is __________ km deep. Find out, using your phone if it helps, how many feet are in a kilometer. In the space below, calculate how many feet deep the deepest well ever drilled is.

7. The layers of the earth have been revealed by “seismology”.
What is seismology and how has it shown us what the inside of the earth is like? What medical procedure is this similar to?
The Composition of the Earth
8. What keeps the crust on the surface? Why doesn’t it sink down toward the core?
9. How is the earth like an egg?
The Structure of the Earth, pg 61
10. The book mentions three layers of the mantle. What are they, in order, and how are they different?
11. Generally speaking, the deeper you go into the earth, the __________________ it gets.
12. Therefore, the ___________________ core is hotter than the ______________________ core.
13. Knowing this, how do you explain why it’s the outer core that is liquid and the inner core that is solid?
14.a. The ________________________________, which includes the _________________ and the upper ______________________, is broken into tectonic plates.
14.b. These plates move slowly / quickly “over eons”.
( Circle the correct word. Cross out the wrong one.
) What is an “eon”?
15. Look at Figure 1.4 at the top of page 62. Look at the North American plate. What colors do you see there, and what does each color represent?

Plate Boundaries
16. Tectonic plate boundaries are peaceful / violent places.
( Circle the correct word. Cross out the wrong one.
)
17. At what kind of plate boundary are mountain ranges built?
18. If you crack the shell of a hard-boiled egg, those cracks like ____________________
In the earth’s crust.
19. There are little earthquakes happening all the time, but we usually can’t feel most of them because they have too small of a ________________________ on the __________________ scale.
Where Do Earthquakes Occur?
20. Well? Where do most earthquakes occur? Why?
21. What is the most famous fault in California? ____________________________________
22. What two plates meet at this boundary?
Earthquake Hazard, pg 64
23. Earthquakes are easy / almost impossible to predict.
( Circle the correct word. Cross out the wrong one.
)
24. Even though Charleston, South Carolina is nowhere near a ________________________ boundary, a devastating earthquake happened there in 1886.
25. Why was that quake so damaging?
26. What is the difference between magma and lava?
27. What special name is given to the sqiggly, violent, plate-boundary line in and around the
Pacific Ocean shown highlighted in yellow in Figure 1.7?

Local Effects of Volcanic Eruptions, pg 65
28. Where is Mt. St. Helens?
29. BONUS: Why is Los Angeles not likely to become the victim of a St. Helens-style volcanic eruption?
30. What’s that stuff coming out of the top of Mt. St. Helens in Figure 1.8? What problems can it cause?
Global Effects of Volcanic Eruptions
31. Mt. Pinatubo, located in the _______________________ island chain, had an effect on the whole earth for several years. What effect did it have, and how did it do that?
Weathering and Erosion, pg 66
32. For each of the following, circle where it occurs
Chemical weathering: mostly at plate boundaries / everywhere on Earth
Earthquakes: mostly at plate boundaries / everywhere on Earth
Volcanic eruptions: mostly at plate boundaries / everywhere on Earth
Water erosion: mostly at plate boundaries / everywhere on Earth
Wind erosion: mostly at plate boundaries / everywhere on Earth
33. BONUS: The book only mentions chemical weathering. What is the other kind of weathering? Compare and contrast it with chemical weathering.