Health Education
AVHS
Name ________________________
Date _______________
Period _______
Chap 22 Study Guide
Directions: As you read the chapter, answer the following questions. Later you can use
this guide to review the information in the chapter.
Lesson 1
1. Define Ethanol. How is it produced? The type of alcohol is ethanol; it is produced
by fermentation.
2. What type of drug is alcohol? Alcohol is a depressant, or a drug that
slows the central nervous system.
3. What is peer pressure? The influence people your own age have on you
4. Identify three factors that can influence a teen’s choice to use or not to use alcohol.
a. Peer pressure
b. family
c. media messages
5. Identify three questions that you can use to critically examine the content of alcohol
advertising.
a. What is really being advertised?
b. What is the hidden message?
c. What is the truth?
6. How are alcohol and violence linked? You are more likely to be affected by violence if
you drink or around drinking
7. Identify three negative consequences for teens that can result from their use of
alcohol.
a. More likely to be involved in violent crimes
b. More likely to be involved in fights
c. More likely to become sexually active
8. Name three benefits of being alcohol free.
a. Maintain a healthy body
b. Make responsible decisions
c. avoid risky behavior
d. avoid illegal activities
Lesson 2
9. Describe how each of the following factors influences the short-term effects of
drinking.
a. Body size and gender: Small people are affected more quickly than large
people by the same amount of alcohol. Alcohol tends to move into the bloodstream
faster in females than it does in males.
b. Food: Alcohol enters the blood more quickly if the stomach is empty.
c. Amount and rate of intake: Increasing the amount of alcohol consumed
increases the level of alcohol in the bloodstream. Intoxication results when a person
drinks alcohol more quickly than the liver can process the drug. Alcohol poisoning
results when the bloodstream levels become too high.
10. Describe the short-term effects of alcohol on the following body systems.
a. nervous system: The brain’s ability to control the body is diminished;
movement, speech, and vision may be affected; thought processes, memory, and
concentration are impaired; and judgment and coordination are altered and impaired
b. cardiovascular system: At lower levels, alcohol increases heart rate and blood
pressure; at higher levels, alcohol decreases heart rate and blood pressure, causes
irregular heart rhythm, and increases the risk of cardiac arrest. Alcohol also causes
blood vessels to expand, causing a drop in body temperature.
c. digestive system: Stomach acid production increases, which can result in
nausea and vomiting. Toxins released as the liver processes alcohol can cause liver
inflammation and scarring. In the kidneys, increased urine production can lead to
dehydration.
d. respiratory system: Alcohol consumption results in carbon dioxide formation
by the liver; the carbon dioxide is released through the lungs. Alcohol depresses nerves,
including ones that control involuntary functions such as breathing; high levels of
alcohol consumption can disrupt, slow, or even stop breathing.
11. Why do females become intoxicated faster and stay that way longer than males of
comparable size?
Females have a higher percentage of body fat and the enzyme that breaks down
alcohol is less effective in females.
12. Define each of the following:
a. metabolism: the process by which the body breaks down substances
b. Blood alcohol concentration: stands for blood alcohol concentration. A BAC
reading tells you the amount of alcohol in a person’s blood expressed as a percentage.
c. Multiplier effect: medicines or drugs having a different or greater effect
because they were mixed with alcohol
d. Binge drinking: drinking five or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting
13. What is the legal definition in most states of driving while intoxicated?
.1% BAC
14. Identify four consequences for a teen caught driving while intoxicated.
a. Loss of license
b. Harm to others or self
c. Higher insurance rates
d. Heavy fines
15. Define alcohol poisoning: Overdosing on alcohol
16. Name five symptoms that indicate a person has alcohol poisoning.
a. mental confusion, stupor, coma
b. slow respiration
c. irregular heartbeat
e. severe dehydration
d. hyperthermia or low body temperature
Lesson 3
17. Describe the long-term effects of alcohol for each of the following .
a. Brain
a. Addiction-the inability to stop drinking
b. Loss of brain functions—loss of verbal skills, visual and spatial skills, and
memory
c. Brain damage—includes destruction of brain cells, reduction in brain size,
and other major brain damage
b. Cardiovascular
a. Damage to the heart muscle
b. Enlarged heart—results from
c. Liver
a. Fatty Liver-fat builds up and blocks flow of blood to liver cells
b. Alcoholic hepatitis—inflammation or infection of liver
c. Cirrhosis—scar tissue replaces healthy tissue; can lead to liver failure
d. Digestive system
a. Irritation-damaged digestive lining leads to stomach ulcers, cancers of
stomach and esophagus
e. Pancreas:
a. Lining of the pancreas—passage to the small intestine blocked; digestive
chemicals can’t pass, destroy pancreas
18. Why do experts recommend that pregnant women not drink any alcohol at all during
pregnancy? It passes to the baby
19. List five effects of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
a. small head and deformities of face, hands, and feet
b. Heart, liver, and kidney defects
c. Vision and hearing problems
d. Slow growth and coordination
e. Difficulties with learning, attention, memory, and problem solving
20. Name five possible symptoms displayed by alcoholics.
a. craving-a strong need or compulsion to drink
b. Loss of control—inability to limit drinking; preoccupied with alcohol
c. Physical dependence—experience of withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea,
sweating, shakiness, and anxiety
d. Tolerance-the need to drink increasingly greater amounts of alcohol to achieve
the desired effect
e. Health, family, and legal problems—for example, injuries, driving citations,
arguments, and poor relationships
21. Describe the three stages of alcoholism.
a. Stage 1—Abuse. Begins with social drinking to relax; physical and psychological
addiction to manage stress develops; becomes intoxicated regularly; includes blackouts,
lies or excuses about drinking, and increased tolerance.
b. Stage 2—Dependence. Alcohol is the central focus; the person can’t stop drinking,
tries to hide the problem, performs poorly at work or school, blames or makes excuses,
and is physically dependent on the drug.
c. Stage 3—Addiction. Drinking is more important than anything; life is out of control,
but the person may deny it; tolerance decreases; and withdrawal symptoms are severe if
drinking stops.
22. What is the relationship between alcohol consumption and the four leading causes of
accidental death (car accidents, falls, drowning, and house fires)?
Many deaths from the top four occurred due to alcohol use.
23. What is codependency? ________________________________________________
24. Define recovery. The process of learning to live an alcohol-free life.
25. List five places to get help for alcohol abuse.
a. Al-Anon/Alateen—helps families and friends deal with effects of living with an
alcoholic
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b. Alcoholics Anonymous—provides help for alcohol users of all ages
c. National Association for Children of Alcoholics—helps children of alcoholics
d. SAMSHA’s National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information—
provides information about alcohol and other drugs
e. National Drug and Treatment Referral Routing Service—provides referrals
and information about treatment facilities
Fall 2008