Electronic Supplementary Material
North Sea ecosystem change from crabs to seagulls
C. Luczak1, G Beaugrand1, J. A. Lindley2, J.-M Dewarumez1, P. J. Dubois1 and R. R.
Kirby*3
1
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LOG UMR 8187, Université Lille 1, France
2
Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, Plymouth UK
3
Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK PL4 8AA
*
Author for correspondence (richard.kirby@plymouth.ac.uk)
Lesser black-backed gull data set
Long-term time series 1978-2007
Northern France (Nord – Pas de Calais region)
Three colonies: Calais, Gravelines and Dunkerque harbour
Data were obtained from personal monitoring (Ph.-J. Dubois & C. Luczak) in the frame of a long-term study on
the species colonisation in the Nord – Pas de Calais region. Surveys were conducted every year several times
from April to July and breeding pairs were counted.
Belgium
Two main colonies: Zeebrugge and Het Zwin and a secondary, recent colony: Oostende
The number of breeding pairs was retrieved from the following literature:
Seys, J., Van Waeyenberge, J., Devos, K., Meire, P. & Kuijken, E. 1998 The recent expansion of breeding gulls
along the Belgian North Sea coast. Sula 12, 209-216.
Stienen, E., Van Waeyenberge, J. & Vercruijsse, J.P. 2002. Zilvermeeuw Larus argentatus en Kleine
Mantelmeeuw Larus fuscus als broedvogels in Vlaanderen. Nattur.oriolus 68(3) : 104-110.
Vermeersch, G. & Anselin, A. 2009 Broedvogels in Vlaanderen in 2006-2007. Brussels, Instituut voor Natuur,
99 p.
Vermeersch, G., Anselin, A. & Devos, K. 2007 Bijzondere Broedvogels in Vlaanderen in de periode 1994-2005.
Brussels, Instituut voor Natuur, 64 p.
Locations of the major North Sea breeding colonies and their annual growth rates between ~1986 and ~2000
Annual percentage changes were obtained for Britain from Mitchell et al (2004) (SCR Census 1985-1988 vs
Seabird 2000 census 1998-2002) and for France (1987-89 vs 1997-2001 census) from Cadiou et al (2004) at the
scale of administrative area (counties in Britain and région in France). When not available, the same parameters
were estimated between the two periods (~2000-~1986) by applying the same procedure for Belgium, The
Netherlands (Delta area, mainland coast and Wadden Sea as defined by Spaan, 1998), Germany (Wadden sea)
and Denmark (Wadden Sea).
Location of the major colonies and data (~1986 and ~2000) originated from the following literature:
Britain
Mitchell, P. I., Newton, S. F., Ratcliffe, N. & Dunn, T.E. 2004 Seabird populations of Britain and Ireland.
London, T&AD Poyser; 511 pp.
France
Personal monitoring (PJD & CL)
Cadiou B., Pons J.-M., Yésou, P. (2004) Oiseaux marins nicheurs de France métropolitaine (1960-2000).
Biotope. Mèze, 218 pages.
Belgium
Seys, J., Van Waeyenberge, J., Devos, K., Meire, P. & Kuijken, E. 1998 The recent expansion of breeding gulls
along the Belgian North Sea coast. Sula 12, 209-216.
Stienen, E., Van Waeyenberge, J. & Vercruijsse, J.P. 2002. Zilvermeeuw Larus argentatus en Kleine
Mantelmeeuw Larus fuscus als broedvogels in Vlaanderen. Nattur.oriolus 68(3) : 104-110.
Netherlands, Germany, Denmark
Koffijberg, K., Dijksen, L., Hälterlein, B., Laursen, K., Potel P. & Südbeck, P. 2006 Breeding birds in the
Wadden Sea in 2001., Wadden Sea ecosystem n°22; 136 pp.
Spaans, A. L. 1998 Breeding lesser black-backed gull Larus graelsii in the Netherlands during the 20th century.
Sula 12, 175-184.