anthony m. lee
asian art research
1649 W. Greenleaf Ave. #GW Chicago IL 60626
Neolithic
(773) 743-2370
vajrapan@interlog.com
Pottery, Ritual Jades
4800-2000 BCE (Yangshao, Macheng, Banpo (Pottery); Liangzhu,
Hongshan cultures (jades, burnished blackware)
Bronze Age
Ritual bronze vessels, Ritual and sculptural jade, ivory
Xia
ca. 2000-1500 BCE
Shang
1700-1027 BCE
Western Zhou
1027-771 BCE
Eastern Zhou
770-221 BCE
770-476 -- Spring and Autumn 475-221 -- Warring States
Early Dynastic China
Tomb culture, Buddhism, Cosmopolitanism
Qin
221-207 BCE
Western Han
206 BCE-9 CE
Xin (Wang Mang interregnum)CE 9-24
Eastern Han
25-220 CE
Three Kingdoms
220-280 CE
220-265 – Wei 221-263 – Shu 229-280 -- Wu
Western Jin
265-316 CE
Eastern Jin
317-420 CE
Southern and Northern Dynasties 420-588 CE
Southern Dynasties 420-588
420-478 – Song
479-501 -- Qi
502-556 – Liang
557-588 -- Chen
Northern Dynasties 386-588
386-533 -- Northern Wei
534-549 -- Eastern Wei
535-557 -- Western Wei
550-577 -- Northern Qi
557-588 -- Northern Zhou
Sui
581-617 CE
Tang
618-907 CE
Five Dynasties
907-960 CE
907-923 -- Later Liang
923-936 -- Later Tang
936-946 -- Later Jin
947-950 -- Later Han
951-960 -- Later Zhou
Ten Kingdoms
907-979 CE
Later Dynastic China
Porcelain, Export, Luxury Goods
Song
960-1279 CE
960-1127 -- Northern Song 1127-1279 -- Southern Song
Liao
916-1125 CE
Western Xia
1038-1227 CE
Jin
1115-1234 CE
Yuan
1279-1368 CE
Ming
1368-1644 CE
Qing
1644-1911 CE
Republic of China (in mainland China)
Republic of China (in Taiwan)
People's Republic of China
1911-1949 CE
1949- CE
1949- CE
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anthony m. lee
asian art research
1649 W. Greenleaf Ave. #GW Chicago IL 60626
(773) 743-2370
Archaic
Archaism
Bi
Bronze
Bronze Age
vajrapan@interlog.com
True antiquity (Shang, Zhou or Han period bronzes and jade)
Reproduction of the ancient (e.g. Song dynasty copies of Shang bronzes)
Ritual disc form with round center hole, jade
Standard alloy of tin and copper with other metals.
In Chinese archaeology, period beginning with first recorded writings, on
bronze, bone and bamboo, ca 1500 BCE. Begins with Shang Erlitou
period and extends to the Eastern Zhou period corresponding to late
bronze age, 221 BCE.
Buddhism
Belief system (philosophical, later religious) developed by Siddhartha
Gautama, 5th C BCE. By correct thought and actions believers hope to
end the cycle of reincarnation. Basic tenet is that all life is suffering, and
by recognizing truth we gain enlightenment and the means to end
rebirth.
Cloisonné
Technique of firing enamels (glass) on metal body, colours separated by
wires
Cong
Ritual columnar object with rounded corners, jade
Ding
Tripod vessel, bronze
Earthenware Low fired pottery, porous (e.g. flower pots, Han – Tang tomb figures)
Gu
Trumpet mouthed beaker, bronze
Jade
Nephrite (in Chinese the category also includes agate, chalcedony,
sardonyx and many other coloured semi-precious stones). Until late
1700’s all Chinese jade came from Khotan area (West China) sources in
pebble to boulder form. After late 1700’s mined in much vaster
quantities. Jadeite or Burmese Jade or Jewellery Quality jade is also from
this period and later. Jade is not technically carved, rather abraded with
corundum powders impregnated on various tools and drills.
Jesuits
Society of Jesus, lay and monastic society founded by Ignatius Loyola in
the late Renaissance, emphasizing high degree of scholarship and
learning within the parameters of Catholic clericalism. In China, many
were invited to the court as artists and scientists primarily, including
Matteo Ricci (1552 – 1610) and Giuseppe Castiglione (1688 -1766).
Lacquer
Natural paint made from the sap of the rhus vernicifera tree. Can be
coloured with pigments (e.g. lampblack, cinnabar, gold dust). Successive
layers built up over a wood core forms a waterproof seal. Built to a high
thickness, it can be carved
Literati
Chinese educated elite, officials/mandarins
Mughal
Period of Islamic rule in India (heirs to the Mongol dynasty of Tamerlane),
a style of highly polished and delicate carving of Jade
Neolithic
In Chinese archaeology, period of prehistory covering approximately 5000
– 2000 BCE.
Porcelain
High fired pottery, fully vitreous, thin and strong (e.g. bone china)
Qin
Dynasty founded by Qin Shihuang (King Yong Zheng of Qin) 221 BCE.
Unified China and beginning of period of Imperial dynastic rule.
Stoneware
Medium fired pottery, semi-porous with hard slip or glaze (e.g. diner
ware, many Song Ceramics)
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