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Online Supporting Information for Gordon et al. Manuscript: Colour polymorphism, torn
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apart by opposing positive frequency-dependent selection, yet maintained in space. Gordon,
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Swanne; Kokko, Hanna; Rojas, Bibiana; Nokelainen, Ossi; Mappes, Johanna.
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Egg Number and Hatching Success
To examine differences in absolute number of eggs and offspring sired for the mated
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individuals across treatments we ran a generalized linear mixed effect model for each separate
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morph. The number of eggs laid by mated females and then number of hatched eggs (sired
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offspring) in each cage was the response variable; while pupa weight, male age, and treatment
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were the explanatory variables. We included enclosure cage as a random effect to account for
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the non-independence of matings within each enclosure.
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Results
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The model for number of eggs laid by females mated to white males showed a significant
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effect of age (effect=0.032±0.005, z = 7.26, p < 0.001) and weight (effect = 0.003±0.0004, z =
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6.38, p < 0.001). There was also a significant effect of treatment: white mated males in the
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white-biased treatment sired more eggs than white males in the yellow-biased treatment (w-
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biased vs y-biased effect = 0.364±0.030, z = 12.35, p < 0.001) and slightly less than males in
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the balanced ratio treatment (effect = -0.046±0.0024, z = -1.94, p = 0.052). The model for egg
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numbers sired by yellow males across treatments showed a significant effect of age (effect =
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0.060±0.007, z=8.749, p < 0.001), but not pupa weight (effect= 0.0002±0.0005, z= 0.452, p=
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0.652). There was also a significant effect of treatment: yellow mated males in the white-
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biased treatment sired fewer eggs than those in the yellow-biased treatment (effect = -
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0.315±0.038, z = -8.263, p <0.001) and balanced ratio treatment (effect = -0.369±0.040, z = -
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9.282, p <0.001).
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The number of hatched eggs (sired offspring) for both white and yellow males had a
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significant effect of male age (W effect = 0.027±0.006, z = 4.554, p < 0.001; Y effect =
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0.104±0.008, z = 12.714, p < 0.001) and weight (W effect = 0.003±0.0005, z = 4.775, p <
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0.001; Y effect = -0.003±0.0006, z = -4.978, p < 0.001). For white males there was a
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significant effect of treatment: white males in the white-biased treatment sired more offspring
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than those in the yellow-biased treatment (effect = -0.653±0.042, z = -5.563, p < 0.001), but a
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similar amount of offspring in the balanced-ratio treatments (effect = 0.052±0.030, z = 1.726,
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p = 0.084). There was also an effect of treatment for yellow male moths: yellow males sired
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more offspring in both the yellow-biased treatment (effect = 0.269±0.045, z = 6.028, p <
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0.001) and balanced-ratio treatments (effect = 0.457±0.046, z = 9.985, p < 0.001) compared to
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the white-biased treatment.
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White
Yellow
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Number of Eggs Sired
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W−Bias
Y−Bias
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Number of Hatched (Sired) Offspring
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White
Yellow
W−Bias Balanced
Y−Bias
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