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SUPPORTING INFORMATION
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Additional Supporting information may be found in the online version of this article.
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FIGURE S1. Diet of Arctic charr
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FIGURE S2. Relationships between diet and trophic transmitted parasites (1992, 1997, 2006)
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FIGURE S3. Relationships between trophic morphology, diet and trophic transmitted parasites
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Fig. S1. Diet (stomach volume; %) of Arctic charr caught in littoral (grey bars) and pelagic (open
bars) habitats in 1992, 1997 and 2006 (N = number of charr).
Limnetic
prey
1992 (N= 279)
1997 (N=88)
2006 (N=37)
Zooplankton
Surface insects
Bentic prey
Mollusks
Insect larvae
Gammarus
Other benthos
0
20
40
60
80
100 0
20
40
60
80
100 0
20
40
60
80
100
Stomach volume (%)
littoral
pelagic
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1
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Fig. S2. Relationship between diet and the numbers of Gammarus-transmitted parasites in
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individual Arctic charr obtained by Constrained Correspondence Analysis for three
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different years a) 1992 (N = 279); b) 1997 (N = 88); c) 2006 (N = 37). The centroids for fish
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caught in the littoral (L) and pelagic (P) zones are shown for reference. Abbreviations for diet
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groups: cladocerans (Clad); copepods (Cop); surface insects (Sins), insect larvae (Insl),
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Gammmarus (Gam), molluscs (Mol), chydorids (Chi). Abbreviations for parasites:
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Cyathocephalus truncatus (Cyat), L3-larvae of Cystidicola farionis (CfarLarva), adults of C.
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farionis (CfarAdult), all stages of C. farionis (Cfar).
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Fig. S2a
a)
MonteCarlo permutation test: P<0.005
1.0
1992
CCA II ( 1 %)
Mol
0.5
CfarAdult
CfarLarva
0.0
Sins
Cla
Chi
Cop
L
P
Gam
Insl
Cyat
-0.5
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
CCA I ( 9.7 %)
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2
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Fig. S2b
b)
MonteCarlo permutation test: P<0.005
1997
CCA II ( 1.5 %)
1.0
0.5
P
Cop
Sins
Insl
0.0
L
Cla
-0.5
Gam
Cyat
CfarLarva
CfarAdult
Chi
-1.0
Mol
-0.5
0.0
0.5
CCA I ( 11.7 %)
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Fig. S2c
c)
MonteCarlo permutation test: P<0.013
2006
CCA II ( 0.4 %)
1.0
Cfar
0.5
P
Sins
Cla
0.0
Mol
Gam
L
Insl
-0.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Cyat
1.5
CCA I ( 29.3 %)
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Fig. S3. Relationships between diet (grey letters), trophic morphology (black letters) and parasite
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infrapopulation size (superimposed black isolines) in individual Arctic charr (circles) caught in
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littoral and pelagic habitats as obtained by Constrained Correspondence Analysis. Isolines in a)
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combined number of the short-lived parasite species C. truncatus and the larval stage of C.
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farionis, both ecological markers of Gammarus-feeding for about the past two months; in b)
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adults of the long-lived C. farionis: ecological markers of Gammarus-feeding for the past years
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(life expectancy of the parasite). Abbreviations of diet groups see Fig. S2. Abbreviations of
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morphological measurements: head height behind gills (Hg), head length (Hpl), jaw length (Jl),
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pectoral fin length (Fp), body width at dorsal fin (Bdw), dorsal fin width (Fdw), caudal height
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(Bch).
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Fig. S3a
a)
MonteCarlo permutation test: P<0.005
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C. farionis larvae
C. truncatus
1997
Hpl
Cop
0
Gam
Insl
Chi Mol
50
Cla
Sins
Fdw
-2
Bch
Hg
40
CCA II (4.7%)
2
FpBdw
Jl
30
10
0
20
-4
-4
-2
0
2
4
CCA I (14.2%)
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40
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4
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Fig. S3b
b)
MonteCarlo permutation test: P<0.005
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C. farionis adults
1997
Hpl
Cop
0
Gam
Insl
Chi Mol
Cla
Bch
Hg
50
Sins
40
Fdw
20
CCA II (4.7%)
10
2
-2
FpBdw
Jl
30
0
10
-4
-4
-2
0
2
4
CCA I (14.2%)
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