LECTURE 8 ICT
TRADITIONAL ESSAY WRITING
Traditional essays represent the common type of essays that get assigned in most universities and colleges. Still, many
students lack necessary writing skills so they want to know how to write traditional essays to get good grades. To write
a good traditional essay one has to engage in the sequential process and go through all 5 steps:
Step 1. Analyze the Essay Question.




Discuss: Make observations about the subject by using facts, arguments and reasoning.
Describe: Illustrate the topic using words.
Show: Set forth clear position or idea. Support it with facts and reason.
Explain: Make the essay plain and understandable. Present logic, causes and reason.
Step 2. Organize the essay through the formal outline as the one below:
1.Introduction.
2.Body.




Body Paragraph One.
Body Paragraph Two.
Body Paragraph Three.
Body Paragraph X...Referred transition.
3. Conclusion
Step 3. Write the introduction.
The writer states clearly what the essay is about and what they are trying to prove. Traditional essays urge the writer to
restate the essay question. The writer has to maintain third person perspective and avoid meaningless statements such as
"the essay will speak about" or "the essay is going to". The essay topics will be presented in the body paragraphs of your
college papers.
Step 4. Write the body paragraphs.
The first body paragraph includes the topic sentence, supportive evidence and a closing sentence. The same format applies
to all body paragraphs in the college essay. The essay may have as many body paragraphs as necessary to answer the essay
question.
Step 5. Write the conclusion.
The writer summarizes the subject of the traditional essay by restating the question in a different way. In conclusion, the
writer expresses their personal opinion and conclusion about the essay question. Essay conclusion in a traditional essay is a
summary of the body of the essay to prove the writer's point.
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Prepositions – Time
English

Usage
Example
o
days of the week

on Monday
in

months / seasons

in August / in winter

time of day

in the morning

year

in 2006

after a certain period of time 
n

in an hour
(when?)


at

for night

at night

for weekend

at the weekend

a certain point of time (when?)
si

from a certain point of time
(past till now)

since 1980
fo

over a certain period of time 
(past till now)
for 2 years

ag
a certain time in the past

2 years ago
be

earlier than a certain point of 
before 2004
nce

r

at half past nine
o

fore
time

to

telling the time

ten to six (5:50)


pa
telling the time

ten past six (6:10)
st

to

/ till / until

til

l / until

b

y
marking the beginning and end
of a period of time
from Monday to/till Friday

He is on holiday until Friday.
in the sense of at the latest

I will be back by 6 o’clock.
up to a certain time

By 11 o'clock, I had read five
in the sense of how long
something is going to last
pages.
Prepositions – Place (Position and Direction)
English

Usage
room, building, street, town, 
in
country

in the kitchen, in London

in the book

book, paper etc.

in the car, in a taxi

car, taxi

in the picture, in the world

picture, world
at
meaning next to, by an object 
at the door, at the station

for table

at the table

for events

at a concert, at the party


Example
place where you are to do

something typical (watch a film, study,
work)
on
at the cinema, at school, at
work
attached

the picture on the wall

for a place with a river

London lies on the Thames.

being on a surface

on the table

for a certain side (left, right) 

for a floor in a house

on the first floor

for public transport

on the bus, on a plane

for television, radio

on TV, on the radio
on the left

by,
next to,
beside
left or right of somebody or 
something

und

on the ground, lower than (or 
covered by) something else
the bag is under the table
bel
lower than something else but
above ground
the fish are below the surface
er

ow

ove

r
covered by something else

put a jacket over your shirt

meaning more than

over 16 years of age

getting to the other side (also 
walk over the bridge
across)


higher than something else, 
but not directly over it
acr
getting to the other side (also 
oss
over)



thr
climb over the wall
overcoming an obstacle
abo

ve

Jane is standing by / next to /
beside the car.

a path above the lake
walk across the bridge
swim across the lake
getting to the other side
something with limits on top, 
drive through the tunnel
English
Usage
ough

Example
bottom and the sides
to
movement to person or
building

movement to a place or

go to the cinema

go to London / Ireland

go to bed

go into the kitchen / the house
country

for bed

into


tow

movement in the direction of 
something (but not directly to it)
ont

movement to the top of
something
ards

o
fro

m
enter a room / a building
in the sense of where from
go 5 steps towards the house

jump onto the table

a flower from the garden