DRAFT – JULY 2009
CYCLONE AILA
MAY 25TH 2009
FAO ASSESSMENT AND PROPOSED REHABILITATION INTERVENTION
REHABILITATION OF CROP, LIVESTOCK AND FISHERIES SECTORS
Support to the people affected by cyclone Aila
FAO-BD, Dhaka – July 2009
1
Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 4
1. Background ............................................................................................................................ 5
2. Assessment of the damages to the agricultural sector ............................................................ 5
A. Crop Sector:.................................................................................................................... 5
Background ........................................................................................................................ 5
Damages: ............................................................................................................................ 6
B. Fisheries sector: .............................................................................................................. 7
Background ........................................................................................................................ 7
Damages ............................................................................................................................. 8
C. Livestock sector: ............................................................................................................ 8
Background ........................................................................................................................ 8
Damages ........................................................................................................................... 10
3. Proposed Rehabilitation Programme .................................................................................... 11
A.
Crop sector: .......................................................................................................... 11
B. Fisheries sector: ........................................................................................................ 11
C. Livestock sector: ...................................................................................................... 12
3.A CROP SECTOR: Detailed plan of operation ................................................................ 12
Targeting of the beneficiaries per crop and related activities ......................................... 13
3.B FISHERIES Rehabilitation plan for the Aila affected people: ...................................... 13
Targeting of beneficiaries: selection criteria ................................................................... 13
Activities in support of the fisheries and aquaculture ...................................................... 14
3.C LIVESTOCK SECTOR: Detailed plan of operations ................................................... 15
Targeting of beneficiaries: selection criteria ................................................................... 15
Activities in support to the livestock sector ...................................................................... 16
2
List of Acronyms and Abbreviation
BFDC
BBS
BDT
CPUEs
DAE
DOF
DLS
EEZ
ERCU
FAO
GoB
GDP
HHs
HYV
M&E
NGO
PIU
PSC
PRA
RAP
Season
Kharif I
Kharif II
Rabi
: Bangladesh Fisheries Development Corporation
: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics
: Bangladesh Taka
: Catch Per Unit Efforts
: Department of Agricultural Extension
: Department of Fisheries
: Department of Livestock Services
: Exclusive Economic Zone
: Emergency Rehabilitation Co-ordination Unit
: Food and Agricultural Organization
: Government of Bangladesh
: Gross Domestic Products
: Households
: High Yielding Variety
: Monitoring and Evaluation
: Non-Government Organization
: Project Implementation Unit
: Project Steering Committee
: Participatory Rural approaches
: Regional Office in Asia and the Pacific
Rice crop
Aus
Amon
Boro
Jan
Feb
Apr
Mar
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
System
Rainfed
Rainfed
Irrigated
3
Executive Summary1
The cyclone storm Aila2 hit on 25th of May 2009 26 districts of the coastal areas of Bangladesh. The
severe winds and the 12 feet tidal surge have caused severe and profound damages to human lives,
households and rural infrastructures (roads, embankments, dams, sluices...), harming the future of the
people and their livelihoods in the agriculture sectors of crops, fisheries, and livestock production.
Immediately after the cyclone, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN undertook a damage
assessment, in close collaboration with the Department of Agricultural Extensions (MoA), the
Department of Livestock and the Department of Fisheries (MoLF), and various partners NGOs and
through interactions with the affected peoples. This report provides a synthetic description of the
damages to the sub-sectors of crop, fisheries and livestock production.
 The assessment has revealed the need to intervene with a set of the key essential interventions
for an immediate rehabilitation of the livelihoods of the affected rural populations in crop,
fisheries and livestock productions.
 The effectiveness of the current recovery and rehabilitation interventions of the GoB will be
reinforced by a coordination of the complementary rehabilitation interventions in
agriculture, field in which FAO could provide sound experience and technical knowledge.
The Agriculture rehabilitation programme will target the vulnerable populations in the most cyclone
Aila-affected Upazilas. The objective is to complement the ongoing interventions of the GoB to
contribute to the immediate rehabilitation of the livelihoods in the three agricultural subsectors of
crop, fisheries and livestock production, targeting a total of 504,780 households beneficiaries. The
most affected households will be selected in coordination with the concerned government counterparts
(DAE/MOA; DLS/MOLF; DOF/MOFL) and trusted NGOs. Landless, farmers, fisherfolks and
livestock breeders will receive (i) training on agricultural production and (ii) agricultural inputs. The
expected result will be a restoration of the livelihoods through restocking, surplus commercialization,
and improvement of the dietary intake.
The following table indicates the overall number of most vulnerable affected households that need
immediate assistance to rehabilitate their livelihoods. The reported budget for the key suggested
interventions is based on FAO estimates described in the report.
Sub-sector
Crop Production
Fisheries and
aquaculture
Livestock
production
Total:
Most vulnerable affected households
143,312 HHs for Boro (20% of the affected farmers
HHs)
71,656 HHs for Maize (10%)
143,312 HHs for Vegetable Gardening (20%)
25,000 fisher farmers (11% of the population)
2,500 fisher folks (3.69% of the population)
119,000 HHs for livestock and feedings
504,780 Households
Estimated budget
8.20 M US$
9.08 M US$
11.70 M US$
28.98 M US$
1
The present report was compiled according to figures provided by the GoB (DAE/MoA; DLS and DoF
/MoFL), and on FAO estimates. Further figures are available at the FAO Representation (FAO-BD@fao.org).
2
A Maldives’ word for “dolphin”.
4
1. Background
Bangladesh is a low lying country, located in a delta and crossed by more than 230 rivers and
branches. With a land area of 147,570 square kilometers and a population of more than 150 million3, it
is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. The per capita Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) of Bangladesh is around 429 US$. Its growth rate, around 6.5% in 2006-07, is expected to
decline to 6% in 2008-09 due to the global economic recession. Nearly 44% of its population lives
below the poverty line, and according to recent estimates, almost 65 million people are food insecure.
The agricultural sector in Bangladesh accounts for more than 21% of the GDP (the crop sector
contributes to 11.7%), and employs about 60% of the labour forces. Rice production, whose
productivity has tripled in the last three decades, accounts for more than 70% of the sector’s value
added.
In Bangladesh, the possibilities to expand the area under cultivation are limited. An increase of surface
irrigation could raise the crop intensity in the South, although the agricultural production and the
livelihoods in this area are constantly threatened by natural and human induced disasters. The
geographical location and geological setting of Bangladesh render it one of the most disaster prone
countries of the world, where floods, cyclones, droughts, tidal surges, tornadoes, river erosions, water
logging, water and soil salinity and high arsenic content in ground water are amongst the most
frequent phenomena.
On May 25th 2009, Cyclone Aila hit 26 districts in the South, affecting a population of around 9
million households (around 3.7 million people). The cultivated land damaged in the area is around
96,617 ha (out of 542,006 ha cultivated in the area); the loss in the production is of around 482,144
MT that is worth of BDT 6,776 million (around 99 M US$).
In 2007, two consecutive floods and the cyclone Sidr damaged the agriculture in the Southern belt.
FAO is already working in 29 flood- and 6 cyclone-affected districts. When Aila hit the area, many
farmers beneficiaries of FAO’s and others’ emergency and rehabilitation interventions were still trying
to recover from the two floods and the cyclone Sidr in 2007. Among them, fisher folks are expected to
be the most affected, being the southern belt highly reliant on water resources.
2. Assessment of the damages to the agricultural sector
A.
Crop Sector:
Background
The agricultural sector employs over 25 million people. Its contribution to the GDP is 21 %, out of
which the crop sector contributes 11.70%. The major crops grown in Bangladesh are rice, jute, wheat,
sugarcane, potato, maize, vegetables etc. Rice production accounts for more than 70% sector’s value
added. The total cereal food productions 35.29 million MT, out of which rice production is 27.3
million and wheat 0.73 million. The total cultivable land is 9 million ha (6.1 million ha irrigated) and
the crop intensity is 175%.4
3
Population estimated in mid 2006 at 138.8 million and population growth rate 1t 1.3 per year
Crop intensity: number of crops per year. Single cropped area: 1.8 million ha; double cropped area: 4.4 million
ha; and triple cropped area:1.8 million ha.
4
5
Damages:
The main standing crops damaged by the cyclone Aila are: Aus seed bed; Transplanted Aus; Boro;
Jute; Chili; Groundnut; Seame; Mungbean; Betle leaf; summer vegetables; and other minor crops. The
table here below reports the damages occurred to the agricultural sector in the 135 affected Upazilas in
26 districts. Overall, a total of 917,712 households5 were affected by cyclone Aila.
Table 1: Crop wise damage report caused by cyclone AILA (updated 31 May 2009)
Name of the
Crops
Aus seed bed
Aus
Boro
Jute
Chili
G.Nut
Seasame
Vegetables
Mungbean
Bettle Leaf
Others
Total
Total land Total
Total loss
Number of affected farm family
under
damage of of
Marginal Medium Large
Total
standing crop land production and small
crops (ha) (ha)
(MT)
9437
3199
64630.7
77497
18148
5115
100760
235555
53122 136584.5
227135
41890
10584
279609
63367
1054
4058.7
12658
2747
983
16388
14668
322
2843.2
2078
695
208
2981
20644
7177
6498.5
53949
14715
1793
70457
2013
996.5
1103
8908
3145
594
12647
14940
3136.8
15172.7
15793
5333
1417
22543
72412
9230.8 111949.6
191381
57865
10475
259721
2970
388
536.6
6853
2456
521
9830
12418
1087
11841
22055
9264
2694
34013
93582
10414 126925.6
66674
32588
9501
108763
542006
96617
482144
684981
188846
43885
917712
Source: Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Khamarbari, Dhaka – 1215
As shown in the table, around 22.5% (53122 ha) of the area cultivated with transplanted Aus rice and
around 30% (3199 ha) of the area with Aus seedbeds were damaged. The cyclone affected also around
9,230 ha of summer vegetables cultivations (Cucumber, sweet gourd, ridged gourd, amaranths, okra,
bitter gourd, ash gourd etc.), as well as sesame, mungbean, groundnut and betle leaf – among the main
cash crops cultivated in the area.
The tables here below (Table 2 and Table 3) present the information only for the 111 most severely
affected Upazilas in 18 affected districts in the division of Khulna, Barisal, Chittagong, Rajshahi and
Dhaka. The damages of cyclone Aila affected the Aus rice (not only seedbeds, as part of it had already
been transplanted)6, as well as summer vegetables and banana plantations.
Table 2: Losses in ha and equivalent estimated value in BDT
1
2
3
4
Item
Aus Seed Bed
Transplanted Aus
Summer Vegetables
Banana
Total:
Total Land (ha)
5493
53122
18921
6952
84488
Total Loss (,000 BDT)
30211
2390490
2270520
2085600
6776821
5
The number is based on the estimate provided on 31 May 2009 by the GoB. Further sources (DMIC, 11 June
2009) indicate in 948,621 the number of households affected by cyclone Aila.
6
Note: Loss was calculated in BDT using the following rates:
 Aus seed bed (Hec): a) Land preparation Tk. 2500 b) Seed 40 kg @ Tk. 30 = Tk. 1200 c) Organic
manure (cow dung / compost) = Tk. 1000 d) Labour & others = Tk. 800 Total: Tk.5500.
 Transplanted Aus: Production = 3 MT/ hector @ Tk. 15000 MT
 Summer Vegetables: Average Production = 10 MT per hector @ Tk. 12/ kg, one MT = Tk. 12000.
 Banana: Production = 20 MT/ hector @ Tk. 15 per kg, so one MT = Tk. 15000.
6
Table 3: Damage Assessment of Crop Sector by Cyclone AILA
Aus seed bed
Transplanted Aus
Number
Sl.N Name of
of
Total
Total
Total
o.
District
Upazila
Total
Loss
Loss
Land
Affected Land (ha) (BDT
(BDT
(ha)
"000")
"000")
Khulna Division
1 Khulna
10
134
6030
2 Bagerhat
6
350
1925
795
35775
Total
Land
(ha)
Total
Loss
(BDT
"000")
Total
Crop
Sector
Loss
(BDT
"000")
3085
817
370200
98040
376230
135740
217
947
26040
113640
253
75900
62175
189540
430200
594000
7
8
5 Meherpur
6 Chuadanga
3
4
760
2450
91200
294000
1130
1000
339000
300000
7 Jenaidah
8 Kushtia
6
6
1835
60
220200
7200
3810
245
1143000 1363200
73500
80700
6438
1931400 3231785
50
350
1925
36135
Banana
3 Satkhira
4 Jessore
SUB TOTAL
803
Summer
Vegetables
Total
Total
Loss
Land
(BDT
(ha)
"000")
1732
77940
10171
1220520
Barisal Division
9 Barisal
10
6000
270000
1900
228000
498000
10 Bhola
11 Pirojpur
7
7
735
4042
1600
6000
72000
270000
100
1570
12000
188400
84000
462442
12 Jhalokathi
13 Patuakhali
4
7
708
2200
3894
12100
7000
13000
315000
585000
1700
1200
204000
144000
522894
741100
5
1100
6050
10000
450000
1300
156000
40
4743
26086
43600 1962000
7770
932400
6
400
2200
7000
315000
200
24000
SUB TOTAL
6
Rajshahi Division
16 Rajshahi
7
17 Thakurgaon
5
400
2200
7000
315000
200
24000
0
0
341200
390
17550
100
335
12000
40200
100
414
30000
124200
42000
181950
390
17550
435
52200
514
154200
223950
400
18000
345
41400
345
18921
41400
2270520
14 Barguna
SUB TOTAL
612050
0
0
2920486
Chittagong Division
15 Noakhali
SUB TOTAL
Dhaka Division
18 Gopalganj
SUB TOTAL
TOTAL:
B.
12
0
0
0
0
30211
3
3
111
5493
400
18000
53122 2390490
341200
59400
0
6952
59400
0
2085600 6776821
Fisheries sector:
Background
Bangladesh is a low-lying deltaic country. Rivers and canals are flowing throughout the whole country
like a net. The ponds, haors, baors and seasonal floodwaters, the climate, photoperiod and water
quality are favorable for fish culture. Moreover, significant quantities of fish are being harvested from
the Bay of Bengal. As a result, capture fisheries and aquaculture have become an integral part of the
culture and heritage of the people of Bangladesh. The fisheries sector represents not only a significant
share of the economy (23% of agricultural production and 4.9% of the country’s GDP) and a critical
factor for employment generation, but also a source of nutrient and food consumption diversification,
as 63% of animal proteins comes from fish. In 2006-2007, the foreign exchange earnings from fish
7
and shrimps were around US $515 million (around 36,050 M BDT), representing 5% of the total
export earnings.
In coastal areas in particular, fisheries and aquaculture represent the main livelihoods. 10% of the total
population is directly or indirectly involved in fisheries. The prevalence of brackish water facilitates
the sector of aquaculture (shrimps cultivation mainly), that represents 39% of the total production.7
Damages
The main damages of Aila occurred to pond fish, shrimp ghers and artisanal fisheries of the coastal
districts. In fisheries sector 183,838 Carp ponds covering 10,102 hectares of water bodies and 36,836
ghers covering 81,097 hectares of shrimp area were inundated. According to the Department of
Fisheries the financial loss due to inundation is 3,873 million BDT (approximately 56 M USD).
However FAO observation is that these figures are conservative. Here below (Table 4) the most
significant details of the damages that struck in Khulna, Barisal and Chittagong Division.
Loss of fish in Ponds/dhighis: In total 183,838 ponds covering an area of 10102 hectares were
inundated. Due to tidal surge in total 5,082 MT of fish worth 7,939 million BDT (approximately 116
M USD) were lost.
Loss of Shrimp in Ghers: Shrimp is the second largest export item of Bangladesh. Because of the
Aila 36,836 shrimp ghers covering an area of 81,097 hectares were inundated and many cases
embankment were washed away. Shrimp production is a relatively capital intensive technology and at
the time Aila hit the area, farmers were expecting a return on their investment as the shrimps would
have been harvested after 40-50 days.
Loss of Boats and Nets: Despite the efficiency of the early warning system, the unexpectedly high
tidal surge broke the embankments in many points and struck the boats anchored in time. According to
a preliminary assessment, 13,547 boats were damaged for an approximate value of 677 million BDT
(equivalent to around 9.8 M US$), representing a significant loss of capital and of opportunity for an
early recovery.
C.
Livestock sector:
Background
Livestock and poultry play an important role in the economy of Bangladesh, contributing to 3% of the
overall GDP8, and employing 15% of the labour forces. The introduction of microfinance through the
government and NGOs in the past 25 years, along with introduction of a nation-wide vaccination
programme and community-based training programmes in livestock and poultry management and
development has made a significant contribution to the growth of livestock, enabling poor households
to benefit directly and/or indirectly and to improve their livelihoods. The livestock and poultry sectors
have emerged as promising and dynamic areas with great potential for rapid poverty reduction.
Small ruminants, chicken and ducks are the main assets of the landless rural dwellers, representing not
only a source of income but also their capital to fulfill their social and economic needs (health,
education, weddings...).
According to the Bangladesh Economic Review (BER) 2004, livestock growth rate in 2003-04 was the
highest in the agriculture sector (4.5% compared to 2.8% for crops and 2.2% for fisheries), indicating
a steady growth in the sub-sector. The hides and skin contributes substantially in earning 6-7% of the
nationally export revenue.
7
8
More detailed information about the value of the natural resources in fisheries sectors in Bangladesh
Bangladesh Economic Review (BER), 2008
8
Table 4: Damages to Fisheries sector
Name
of
Divisio
n
Name of
affected
District by
Aila
Number Number Number Number Number
of
of
of Ponds of ghers of Boat
damaged damaged
and
and
Upazila
Union
Dhighis
Trawler
Area
of
Pond
(hec)
Area of
Ghers
(hec)
T
T
T
T
T
hec
hec
Nature of Damage and Amount
Amount & Number of Fish washed Value of Fish washed out by
out by Aila
Aila
Quantity Number Num Value Value of Value of Valu
of
of Seed
ber
of
Shrimp
Seed
e of
Shrimp
PL
Fish
PL
MT
MT
In
In
In Lakh In Lakh
In
Lakh Lakh
Lakh
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Chittag
ong
Cox's Bazar
Feni
Chittagong
Noakhali
Laxmipur
Sub-total
Khulna
Jessore
Shatkhira
Bagerhat
Sub-total
Barguna
Bhola
Jhalakati
Pirojpur
Barisal
Patuakhali
Sub-total
Grand
Total
7
1
5
2
5
20
7
1
6
7
21
5
7
4
7
10
7
40
45
2
19
18
58
142
56
1
35
45
137
35
59
34
54
67
50
299
65
600
699
100
270
1734
10287
274
2822
7185
20568
4532
55650
8593
24169
19302
49290
161536
936
0
0
4
0
940
10798
294
6387
14401
17629
128
150
0
2001
0
1717
3996
0
0
0
0
175
175
436
0
0
0
436
684
4083
100
0
0
8069
12936
21
0
0
0
39
60
43,6
26,33
42,8
589,75
702,48
11376,81
120,00
412,72
7,00
0
11916,53
28403,78
127,41
90
32508,82
61130,01
0
0
6000
797,77
0
5293,65
6085,65
0
60
108,3
0
51,3
219,6
978,9
10
2316
334,91
3640
0
0
387
0
1172,1
35,55
1594,65
0
0
48,35
0
0
48
4536,07
11
3597
1968,66
10113
0
0
0
0
3,6
2215
2218,6
0
0
7,2
0
0
7,2
0
0,5
0
0
0,5
0
0
0
0
48,5
0
48,5
81
578
183838
22565
13547
762,48 79132,19
5454
12380
56
Khulna
Barisal
0
Damag
e
of
Infrast
ructure
13
14
15
16
4,79
0
0
0
0
1,68
0
1,68
0
30
85,6
0
33,88
149
198,67
9
1426
246,11
1879,78
0
0
0
7,4
0
5873
5880,4
0
0
79,1
0
0
79,1
5425,83
44
6425
4782,93
16677,76
0
0
0
577,67
0
6597
7174,67
0
0
18,1
0
0
18,1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,47
7909,66
23931,53
18,1
0
0,5
4,29
In
Lakh
Tk.
17
0
60
53
0
0
113
414,6
0
0
0
414,6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
527,6
Source: GoB
9
The livestock sub-sector offers considerable employment opportunities, particularly for the rural poor,
providing self-employment to some 3 million rural women between 1993 and 20029, through smallscale livestock. Goat, chicken, and duck farming playing important role in poverty reduction and
supporting national institutions to move forward with one of the vital MDGs.
Milk, meat, meat, and eggs play an important role in people’s daily diet, yet current production covers
less than a third of the national requirements. As a result, deficiency in protein and nutritious food
products is acute in the country, especially among the rural poor with limited purchasing power.
Almost every household in Bangladesh has chicken flocks. Ducks are commonly found in substantial
numbers along the riverbanks and marshland. Most households with small to medium farms use
poultry farming as a commercial activity for supplementary income, investing the income to purchase
goats and cattle. In addition to improved livelihoods, goats and cattle are considered important bases
of household asset.
The livestock production system is unique in Bangladesh. It is mainly dependent on crop and other
agro by-products. Cattle farming can be found in different sizes, depending on household income and
land ownership, especially as cattle and crops are complementary to each other. Cattle and buffalo till
land and provide manure to the fields whereas livestock eats crop residues. Subsequently, livestock
farming and production vary from household to household, depending on their agriculture assets.
However, poultry farming, especially small and medium size by poorer households does not require
much investment in feed, as most can survive on scavenging among household and agriculture waste.
Damages
More than 4.6 million chickens and 1.4 million ducks were affected in 12 districts by the cyclone Aila.
129,289 chickens and 40,364 ducks are reported to be dead up to 06/6/09. The estimates provided by
the Department of Livestock Services (DLS) BDT 92 for chickens and BDT 80 for ducks, are inferior
to the prevailing market prices in the area. FAO’s estimates for the value of the loss of chickens and
ducks are around BDT 15.12 million (222,000 USD), which excludes the value of the affected animal
sheds and other available feeds. Moreover, the figures could increase as many other volatiles become
vulnerable to diseases due to various stress and lack of feed.
Barisal Division was the Division most affected by losses in chicken (around 3.34 million heads),
followed by Khulna Division (1.26 million chicken deaths). The ranking is similar for affected ducks
(1.32 million and 0.16 million in Barisal and Khulna respectively). In case of death of poultry birds,
57,738 of chicken and 34,803 ducks died in Barisal Division. In Khulna Division the death figures of
chickens and ducks are 116,232 and 10,668 respectively. Livestock damages in Cox’s Bazar were very
minor.
9
Danida, 2002 Report
10
3. Proposed Rehabilitation Programme
Goal of FAO emergency intervention is to restore the livelihoods of the most affected households,
aiming in particular at their food security and at the reduction of their vulnerability to future shocks.
A.
Crop sector:
FAO assessed the damage for crop sector in 26 affected districts. The survey took into consideration
the major crops like Aus rice seedlings, standing Aus crops, Vegetables, and Bananas. The assessment
revealed damages to around 99,617 hectares out of the 542,006 hectares in the area. Around 482,144
MT of standing major crops were damaged, for a total amount of around BDT 6.7 billion, equivalent
to around 99 M US$. Moreover, jute, chili, groundnut, sesame, mung bean, and beetle leaf damages
yet to be asserted.
Post-assessment FAO planned intervention:
Objective: The aim of the proposed activities is to rehabilitate the livelihoods of the most affected
farmers in the crop sector, through providing the farmers with inputs for Boro Rice, Maize, and
Winter Vegetables.
Beneficiaries: among the most affected households, the FAO assessment mission suggests to
target 143,312 farmers for the production of Boro rice (20% of the most affected households
farmers), 71,656 farmers for wheat production (10%), and 143,312 farmers for vegetables
cultivation (20%) in 18 districts in Khulna, Barisal, Rajshahi, Chittagong and Dhaka Division.
Budget: The total cost of the project is around 8.2 M US$.
B.
Fisheries sector:
The fisheries sector faced the major damages due to cyclone Aila. The assessment was done for 15
severely affected districts in Khulna, Barisal, and Chittagong Divisions. Shrimp is the 2nd largest
export item of Bangladesh after garments. The livelihoods of millions of people depend on this sector.
Shrimp processors, workers, traders, consumers and all the fisher folks are suffering serious damages.
Carp fish is the main source of protein supply, where livelihoods of many people are involved. In total
5454 metric tons of fish worth taka 791 million washed away. Because of high salinity there is little
hope for their survival. Similarly, 5.57 million carp fry which has gone to flood water may not survive
because of high salinity. Banks of the ghers are severely damaged and need immediate repairs for
restarting shrimps and fish cultivation. It is worth noticing that the losses from shrimp’s ghers may not
represent a national loss. Overall, the total loss has been assessed at BDT 3,873.3 million, equivalent
to around US$ 56.54 million.
Post-assessment FAO planned intervention:
Objective: FAO emergency intervention will aim to rehabilitate the livelihoods of the poorest
households in the fisheries sector. The activities will be structured in three parts: short-term,
where the priority is water purification, soil mineralization and carp fingerling stocking; a the
medium-term impact part, focusing on the rehabilitation of the embankments and of the stock
of shrimp seeds; and a long-term part, focusing on training and awareness building.
Beneficiaries: around 27,500 farmers and fisher folks10, representing 11% of the fish farmers
(25,000 HHs) and 3.69% fisher folks (2,500 HHs).
Budget: The estimated cost of the proposed rehabilitation will be of around 9,08 M US$.
10
The detailed distribution of selected beneficiaries is as follows: Carp 15,000; Bagda 9,000; Galda 1,000 and
2,500 fisher folks.
11
C.
Livestock sector:
12 districts have been targeted for the assessment of the damages to livestock sector. Cyclone Aila has
killed 129,289 heads of chickens; 40,364 ducks; 7,382 goats; 1584 sheep; 3,666 cattle; and 1493
buffaloes. 64,342 hectares of grazing lands were inundated causing a huge deficit of fodder for
animals. Moreover, around 28,601 MT of concentrate feed were lost, for a total amount of 572 M
BDT (8,3 M US$). The deaths of animals caused an economic damage of around 92.26 M BDT (1.34
M US$). This loss does not include the actual cost of the inundation of grazing lands and damaged rice
straw. In addition to that 765 small-scale poultry and 215 dairy firms were damages causing an
estimated loss of BDT 10.9 million (around 160,000 USD), but the FAO estimate (based different
costs: i.e. BDT 10,000 and BDT 15,000 for a poultry and a dairy firm respectively) is higher than the
one of the DLS.
Post-assessment FAO planned intervention:
Objective: FAO intervention will aim to rehabilitate the most affected livelihoods in the
livestock sector, through the distribution of inputs such as animal feed, FMD vaccines and
anthelmintic tablet, and the restocking of small-large ruminants.
Beneficiaries: 119,000 beneficiaries in 12 districts affected by Aila. The emergency operation
needs to start immediately to address the rehabilitation of the most affected beneficiaries.
Budget: Upon calculation of the damages and of the corresponding requirements, it is
estimated that a total of 11,7 M US$ will be required.
In order to facilitate the strategy from emergency to development interventions, along the
proposed activities FAO will identify the most appropriate support to stimulate and reinforce
micro and small enterprises, to facilitate food production and create rural employment.
3.A CROP SECTOR: Detailed plan of operation
The agricultural rehabilitation programme has been planned to start in the coming Rabi season. Due to
water salinity, in the area of Barisal and Khulna Aus rice is cultivated in the late season. The
transplantation of Aus in this area starts in the first week of May, while in other regions it happens one
month earlier. By consequence, Aila has hit both the fields cultivated with Aus and the early
cultivations of Amon. In Amon season the farmers prefer to grow local varieties – Sadamota and
Lalmota, covering around 75% of the total Amon rice area. For a rehabilitation programme in Amon
season, it will be difficult to procure the local variety of seeds. Cultivation of HYV rice in Amon
season is not possible because of the 2-3 feet water height in the field during the rainy season.
Various studies shows that marginal and small farmers adopt the new technology in crop cultivation as
an early adaptors and also innovators in Bangladesh, hence the decision to target marginal and small
farmers in the Agricultural Rehabilitation Programme. Considering the availability of inputs,
feasibility and agro ecological zones (AEZ), only 50% of the affected marginal and small farmers will
receive assistance. For Boro rice (20% of the affected households), Vegetables (20%), and Maize
(10%), the inputs will be distributed as per priority list of the particular area. The target area will cover
111 affected Upazilas of 18 districts. On the basis of the damage, 50% of the affected Marginal and
Small farmers will receive assistance in the coming Rabi season 2009, through the activities specified
below.
12
Targeting of the beneficiaries per crop and related activities
1. Boro rice Rehabilitation Program
Improved Boro rice seeds and fertilizers will be distributed to Small and Marginal farmers. The
package per household will include 5 Kg of improved Boro rice seeds; 25 Kg of Urea; 10 Kg of
TSP/DAP; 12 Kg of MOP. Overall, about 143,312 farmers (representing 20% of the affected
households) will be provided with 716 MT rice seed, 3582 MT Urea, 1433 MT TSP and 1719 MT of
MOP fertilizers to cultivate Boro rice in Rabi season.
2. Maize Rehabilitation Program
Marginal and small farmers 10% of the affected) will get Hybrid Mize seed for 16.5 decimal (1/2
Bigha) of land, the inputs are as follows. The agricultural package will include 2 Kg of Maize seeds;
33 Kg of Urea; 17 Kg of TSP/DAP; 12 Kg of MOP; and 7 Kg of Zypsum. Around 143 MT of Maize
seed will be provided to 71,656 farmers. Along with seed a total of 2364 MT of urea, 1218 MT of
TSP, 859 MT of MOP and 573 MT of Zypsum fertilizers will be provided free of cost to support
Maize cultivation.
The expected result is to restore their source of income and at the same time provide fodder from the
Maize plant for livestock breeding.
3. Winter Vegetables Rehabilitation Program
Marginal and small farmers, (10% of the affected) will get winter vegetable seed and fertilizer for 3
decimal of land. Each farmer will get 2 packets of vegetable seed and fertilizer. The package includes
a quantity of 15 grams of vegetable seeds of different varieties (Cucumber seed packet, Bitter gourd
seed packet, Okra seed packet, Red Amaranth’s seed packet, Sweet gourd seed packet, Gima Kalmi
seed packet) and chemical fertilizers such as Urea 2 kg, TSP 1 kg, Potash 1 kg.
As environmentally friendly and more sustainable alternative opportunity, chemical fertilizers could
also be substituted by organic fertilizers, and training with provision of light equipment for
composting will make farmers’ self-sufficient for the following seasons. The targeted number of
beneficiaries is 143,312 households farmers (20% of the affected households). Overall, the package
will include 4299348 MT of vegetable seed and 286623 MT urea, 43311 MT of TSP and MOP
fertilizers in an area of 1,770 cultivated ha of land.
The expected result is to increase and enrich the household members’ dietary intake of vitamins and
minerals and other essential nutrients and to gain extra income through marketing of surplus products.
3.B FISHERIES Rehabilitation plan for the Aila affected people:
A proper rehabilitation of the fisheries sector has to be multiphase. In the short-term, the priority is
water purification, soil mineralization and carp fingerling stocking as the immediate need of fisher
folks. In the medium term, the focus is the rehabilitation of embankments and of the stock of shrimp
seeds. For the long term the focus should be on training and awareness building to increase the
productivity.
The project will aim to increase food security, improving the nutritional status and reducing the
poverty of landless, marginal and small rural households.
Targeting of beneficiaries: selection criteria
Per capita land availability is low and consequently the income potential. About three quarters of the
rural population is composed of landless labourers and marginal farmers with less than 0.2 hectares of
13
land. Fisheries is not an exception: smallholder fisheries is the prevailing model, and often the farmers
are daily workers depending on large money lenders and landowners. Most of the pond size is about
10-25 decimal, but collectively managed ghers are slightly bigger. The rehabilitation programme will
target its beneficiaries in the fisheries sector according to the following criteria:
(i)




(ii)





For culture fisheries Aquaculture:
Landless, marginal and small holder farms shall be given priority (these include farms having
less than 250 decimal land).
De facto female headed hosueholds should be given priority.
Households should not receive aquaculture inputs from other sources.
Households should not receive remittances from outside the district.
For capture fisheries:
First priority should be given to landless fisher households working as fisher groups who lost
the access to fishing assets and housing before SIDR/Aila.
The groups should before SIDR/Aila have fished on smaller vessels (25 – 30 ft) and have been
engaged in river, estuary or coastal fisheries
De facto female headed households, with members who are fishers, should be given priority
Households should not receive fisheries inputs from other sources
Households should not receive remittances from outside the district
Activities in support of the fisheries and aquaculture
The project will provide improved boats for increased mobility and safety of small-scale fishing boats
(utilizing local materials) and selective fishing gear, suitable for groups of landless fishers.
2,500 fisher’s and 25,000 landless or small-scale fish farmers will be targeted through Participatory
Rural Appraisal methodologies. Training in group dynamics, business administration, and other
participatory techniques will be used to facilitate the creation of new groups. Procurement and
delivery of inputs to implementing partners of capture fisheries and aquaculture will made available as
per table given below.
Table 5: Fisheries Packages
Aquaculture Package - Carp Fish (seeds, feed, lime), for households with 20
decimal pond:
Aquaculture Package - Golda Shrimps (seeds, feed, lime) , for household
with 20 decimal gher:
Aquaculture Package - Bagda Shrimps (seeds, feed, lime), for households
with 20 decimal ghers
Mechanized Fishing ( one boat shared by 5 fishers):
- improved wooden mechanized fishing boat (30 feet) and safety equipment
- improved fishing gear (net, floats, sinkers etc)
Total Cost
Amount
Unit (US$)
Total US$
15,000
55
82,500
1,000
55
55,000
9,000
45
405,000
500
500
1,800
450
900,000
225,000
1,667,500
Training will be imparted to 25,000 of farmers and 500 Groups of fisher’s. This activity would include
the establishment of group-based ventures to test and demonstrate the improved technologies.
Budget
The total loss calculated as BDT 3873.277 million, which is equivalent to US$ 56.54 million. But for
rehabilitation in total 621 million BDT equivalent to 9.08 M US$ has been proposed primarily to
address the poorest group of people. With this budget about 27,500 farmers and fisher’s (Carp-15,000;
Bagda-9,000; Galda-1,000 and 2,500 fishers) can be rehabilitated. This proposed budget will cover
only 11% of the farmers and 3.69% fisher’s.
14
Table 6: Rehabilitation Budget: Short-term; mid-term; long-term.
Sl.
No
.
Item
01
4450 MT
04
Lime for water
sanitation
Carp package
(carp fry, feed
& fertilizer)
Repair of
Shrimp Ghers
Galda
05
Bagda
02
03
06
07
Shot term
Quantit
y
ICE Box
Training
(beneficiaries)
08
Life Jacket
09
Radio
10
Net
11
Boat
Grand Total (BDT)
Grand Total (USD)
Mid term
Quantity
Total Cost
BDT
(Million)
Quantity
Value BDT
(Million)
-
Value
BDT
(Million)
-
-
-
66.74
57.75
-
-
-
-
57.75
-
16500 hec
259
-
-
259
-
-
3.85
-
-
3.85
-
-
28.35
-
-
28.35
-
-
1000
benef.
9000
benef.
25000
-
50
-
27,500
13.42
50
13.42
-
124.49
1,820,00
0
341.2
4,988,304
25000
25000
500
500
50
13
15.75
63
155.17
2,268,567
50
13
15.75
63
620.86
9,076,901
15,000
beneficia
ries
-
Value
BDT
(Million)
66.74
Long term
-
3.C LIVESTOCK SECTOR: Detailed plan of operations
Cyclone Aila caused damages to livestock resources in 12 districts. The damages occurred in Cox’s
Bazar were limited. The DAE report reveals that Aila in 12 districts naming Khulna, Bagerhat,
Satkhira in Khulna Division, Barisal, Bhola, Pirojpur, Jhalkathi, Patuakhali, and Barguna of Barisal
Division, and Noakhali, Luxmipur, and Cox’s Bazar of Chittagong Division affected about 610,000
small and marginal farmers. These are districts that DLS has earmarked as livestock affected areas
caused by Aila. DAE did not include the landless rural dwellers in their damage list, as this segment of
people is not considered as farmer as such. Landless people live on selling labour, subsistence level of
livestock rearing, open water fishing, and occasionally leasing in lands for crop cultivation. One can
easily add 30% more to the above-said 610,000 to the damage list. Considering that, it is estimated
that 793,000 households could qualify to be beneficiary of the proposed rehabilitation programme for
livestock activities. Considering the time constraint it is proposed that 119,000 households, about 15%
of the Aila victims comprising of the landless and small and marginal farmers to address to
rehabilitation and livelihoods support programme by providing livestock inputs from FAO.
Targeting of beneficiaries: selection criteria
The rehabilitation of livestock sector activities will target landless and small and marginal farming
households that were affected by the cyclone Aila and lost all or part of their assets (livestock
resources).
Apart from the death of different species of livestock many are already weak due to stress from
cyclone Aila. These animals are facing lack of severe shortage of feeds as there is no grazing land left
and the rice straw is damaged. Also the animals need anthelmintic and vitamin tablets. There is an
immense need of FMD vaccine and anthelmintic tablet as emergency basis.
15
A total amount of 119,000 beneficiaries will be targeted to support in the livestock sector, including
15,000 households that will receive also live animals and other related supports to restock their capital.
The entire 119,000 households will receive FMD vaccines and anthelmintic tablets. Each family will
be receiving 5 doses of FMD vaccines and 5 tablets of anthelmintic tablets roughly. Among 119,000
households 38,000 will be receiving animal feed as a means of supporting the affected livestock
population in 63 Upazilas of 12 districts in Khulna, Barisal, and Chittagong Division.
Activities in support to the livestock sector
Emergency Livestock Feed (Total US$ 2,332,350)
One of the acute problems of post Aila in the affected districts is scarcity of animal feeds. The entire
grazing land has been inundated as well as the rice straw – commonly used also as animal feed, is
damaged by the saline and muddy water.
The emergency activity will supply 6,390 MT of concentrate feed to 38,000 targeted households. This
will support the affected households in feeding their animals and birds for 90 days. The budget
requirement is of US$ 2,332,350.
It reveals from the report and discussion with different livestock officials in the cyclone victim areas
that most of the livestock has been affected by the floodwater and damage of animal sheds in areas
where the livestock was already vulnerable, affected by scarcity of feed and by the exposure to
different diseases including parasitic infestation.
Proposal is made here to supply FMD vaccines and anthelmintic tablets to 119,000 households in 63
Upazilas of 11 affected districts. An estimated cost of 155,000 US dollars would be required to
address to this acute problems.
Table 7: Emergency Livestock Feed support for 90 days to severely affected people
Beneficiary
Khulna Division
Khulna
Bagerhat
Satkhira
Barisal Division
Barisal
Bhola
Pirojpur
Jhalkathi
Patuakhali
Barguna
Chittagong
Division
Noakhali
Luxmipur
Cox's bazar
Total
No. all kinds
of ruminants
No. Poultry
birds
Feed
requirement
(MT)
Price in USD
3000
3000
4000
3000
3000
4000
30000
30000
50000
540
540
810
197100
197100
295650
3000
4500
4500
2000
4500
3000
3000
3500
3500
2000
3500
3000
30000
40000
40000
20000
40000
30000
540
675
675
360
675
540
197100
246375
246375
131400
246375
197100
4500
2000
Non targeted
38000
3500
2000
NA
34000
40000
20000
NA
370000
675
360
NA
6390
246375
131400
NA
2332350
Restocking of Large and Small Ruminants (Total US$ 1,950,000)
Local goat, heifer cow or buffalo will be provided to the Aila affected households as they can adapt to
the local condition easily.
16
Goat is one of the most common assets of the landless, small and marginal farmers. Due to Aila 8,483
goats and sheep was killed in above-mentioned 63 Upazilas. It is apprehended that the death toll
would go high due to lack of feed and subsequent diseases. Also other affected households that lost
chicken and duck would be supported by giving them goat. It is proposed to support 15,000
households by supplying 30,000 goats and feed to restart livelihoods. An estimated cost for this
activity would be US$ 1,950,000.
Table 8: Breakdown of costs for a livestock package
Amount
Goat package per household (goats/beneficiary)
-quarantined for 21 days and vaccinated female goat of around 12
months age weighing 12 Kg
-concentrate animal feed
-support to make shed
Total cost
Adult heifer
-vaccinated heifer cow or buffalo
-concentrate feed
-support to make shed
Total
Unit cost
(US$)
Total cost
(US$)
2
40
80
100 kg
1
0.35
15
35
15
130
1
100
1
300
0.35
150
300
35
150
485
Breakdown of costs for Goat Restocking in the Aila affected areas (2 animals in one package)
Number of package and cost
Beneficiary
Unit
Total
Unit price (US$)
Total price (US$)
Khulna Division
1 Khulna
1200 Each
1200
130
156000
2 Bagerhat
1200 Each
1200
130
156000
3 Satkhira
1500 Each
1500
130
195000
0
Barisal Division
4 Barisal
1200 Each
1200
130
156000
5 Bhola
1500 Each
1500
130
195000
6 Pirojpur
1500 Each
1500
130
195000
7 Jhalkathi
1000 Each
1000
130
130000
8 Patuakhali
1500 Each
1500
130
195000
9 Barguna
1200 Each
1200
130
156000
10 Noakhali
1500 Each
1500
130
195000
11 Luxmipur
12 Cox's Bazar
1000 Each
700 Each
1000
700
130
130
130000
91000
0
Chittagong Division
Total
15000
15000
1950000
Restocking of heifer cow and buffalo (Total cost US$ 7,275,000)
In addition to 15,000 packages of goat packages, 15,000 packages for large ruminant are also
proposed. A package would cost US$ 485 and the total estimated cost would be US$ 7,275,000. This
package will not only rehabilitate the affected farmers that lost cattle and buffaloes but also contribute
to increased milk production and thus facilitate improved nutrition. Buffaloes would be useful for
tilling, hauling, and also milk production
17
Breakdown of costs for restocking of large ruminants (2 heads per package)
Number of package and cost
Beneficiary
Sl. No
Unit
Total
Unit price
(US$)
Total price
(US$)
Khulna Division
1
Khulna
1200 Each
1200
485
582000
2
Bagerhat
1200 Each
1200
485
582000
3
Satkhira
1500 Each
1500
485
727500
0
Barisal Division
4
Barisal
1200 Each
1200
485
582000
5
Bhola
1500 Each
1500
485
727500
6
Pirojpur
1500 Each
1500
485
727500
7
Jhalkathi
1000 Each
1000
485
485000
8
Patuakhali
1500 Each
1500
485
727500
9
Barguna
1200 Each
1200
485
582000
0
Chittagong Division
10
Noakhali
1500 Each
1500
485
727500
11
Luxmipur
1000 Each
1000
485
485000
12
Cox's bazar
700
485
Total
700 Each
15000
15000
339500
7275000
Dhaka, July 2009
18