Dairy Worksheet
advertisement
Dairy / Beef / Suckler Production – Revision Questions 3- Breeds Characteristics of animals Dairy Beef : British : Continental Differentiate between liquid milk and creamery milk production _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Name the most common dairy breed in Ireland ________________________________________________________________________ What is the approximate composition of milk ? ____________________________________________________________________________________ Name a laboratory test to establish the hygienic quality of milk ____________________________________________________________________________________ List the factors that influence the composition of milk : _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Name the most common system of milk production in Ireland, explaining why it is so _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Complete the following table for cows Length of oestrus cycle (days) Duration of Oestrus (days) Gestation length (days) Birth weight of calf (kgs) Desired Calving Interval (days) List the reasons why calves should get up to 3 litres of colostrums in the 1 st 24 hours of life : _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ What are the consequences of calves getting inadequate amounts of colostrum _____________________________________________________________________________________ List the measures a farmer should take to reduce cow / calf mortality at calving time : _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ What is joint ill and how can it be prevented ? ____________________________________________________________________________________ Briefly describe the care and management of the dairy calf from birth to 6 weeks of age _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ What is meant by ‘the scratch factor’ ? ____________________________________________________________________________________ Describe the importance of ‘the dry period’ – be specific ! _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ What is the average length of dairy cow lactation ? ___________________________________________ Differentiate between ‘peak yield’ and ‘total lactation yield’ describing the relationship between them _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ What is the approximate average yield of an Irish dairy cow (litres or gallons ) _____________________ Briefly describe the care and management of the dairy cow for the 1 st three months after calving _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Explain the role of ‘tail painting’ as part of a breeding strategy _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ What is meant by ‘Body Condition Score’ , and explain why its management is so important on dairy farms _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Describe the management of Spring calving dairy cows from months 4 to 8 of lactation _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Explain what is meant by a ‘metabolic disease’, naming one, giving it causes, symptoms, and treatment. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Name the most common illness of lactating dairy cows, giving causes, symptoms and treatment _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Complete the following table for replacement heifers ; Age at 1st calving (mths) Age at mating (mths) Weight at 1st housing (kgs) Weight at calving (kgs) Suitable bull breed for mating : Describe the desirable characteristics of a replacement heifer _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ What is the oesophageal groove _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ What is the most common illness of artificially reared calves, give causes, symptoms and treatment _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Describe what you would assess to establish if a named farm animal was healthy _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Describe the most common grazing system employed by dairy farmers, giving three advantages and two disadvantages of the system. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ In Spring many farmers add Calcined Magnesite to the dairy ration. Why do they do this ? ____________________________________________________________________________________ Give the dental formula of a Dairy Cow ___________________________________________________ Describe the winter feeding management of a Spring calving dairy cow _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Explain what is meant by ‘steaming up’, listing its advantages _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Describe the care and management of a suckler cow from calving to 6months post calving _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Describe the breeding strategy, and other key objectives, a suckler farmer will adopt to maximise productivity and profitability on his/ her farm _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ When is a suckler calf weaned ____________________________________________________________ How should the suckler calf be managed around weaning time to minimise illness / mortality ? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Differentiate between condition score and conformation score _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2 Bullocks of similar weight were slaughtered. One graded O4H, while the other graded U3. Explain what this meant. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Farmers striving to maximise profitability try to exploit ‘compensatory growth’ to the maximum. What is compensatory growth and how can it be exploited ? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ What are ‘concentrates’ and explain why they are fed to almost all farm animals _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Explain how and why cereals need to be processed prior to feeding to ruminants _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ What is meant by ‘feed conversion efficiency’ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Write brief notes on hygiene and disease control in a milking parlour _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ A member of the Phylum Platyhelminthes has cost beef farmers millions over the last two wet years in lost productivity and treatment costs. Identify this parasite, writing brief notes on its life cycle _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ __________________ The common tick transmits a member of the Phylum Protozoa to grazing bovines causing a potentially fatal illness. Identify the member of this Phylum and the disease it causes : _____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Describe the housing, feeding and general management required to maximise weight gains on finishing beef cattle indoor during their final winter. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ At what approximate weights will finished continental beef animals be at slaughter ? __________________________________________________________________________________ Differentiate between a ‘notifiable’ disease and a ‘zoonotic’ disease , giving two examples of each _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ The ‘leader- follower’ system of grazing has a number of advantages from a disease control and productivity point of view. List them: _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ‘Mixed grazing’ is practiced widely in the west of Ireland. List the advantages of ‘mixed grazing’ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ What precautions does a farmer need to take when administering antibiotics to farm animals ? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ What precautions does the average livestock farmer have to take to protect the environment ? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ List three factors that determine the protein requirements of a farm animal _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Describe the process whereby cellulose is digested by the ruminant _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ To optimise fertility, farmers put animals on a ‘rising plane of nutrition’ as they approach mating. What does ‘rising plane of nutrition’ mean, and what are the benefits of employing it ? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Differentiate between feeding for ’maintenance’ and ‘production’, giving examples of when each might be employed in a named farm animal. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Differentiate between an ‘endoparasite’ and an ‘ectoparasite’, giving one example of each in bovines _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Account for the differing nutrient composition of a calf ration and a finishing beef ration _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Describe a laboratory test to identify the presence of starch in a sample of animal feed _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Selenium, Iodine and Copper and vital elements in the diets of both dairy and suckler cows. Describe how such elements could be given to cows _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ What quantity of meal should a calf be consuming at weaning _____________________________________________________________________________________ List the factors that determine the amount of meals fed to a dairy cow in early lactation _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ What temperature is milk stored at on farm _________________________________________________ What is the purpose of a ‘hot descale wash’ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Describe the environmental conditions required in a calf house to minimise disease _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ List the advantages of housing animals overwinter _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________
