Name Date
Earthquakes
Complete.
normal fault seismogram magnitude
seismograph plate tectonics divergent boundary
lithosphere transform boundary crust
seismologists asthenosphere seismo
Mercalli Scale fault convergent boundary
epicenter P waves plate
aftershock reverse fault focus
seismic waves mantle Richter Scale
S waves seismology The Ring of Fire
tsunami earthquake amplitude
core strike-slip fault
Matching
Match each definition with a word.
1. the solid, outermost layer of Earth
2. a measure of the energy released by an earthquake
3. Rocks on either side of the fault are moving past each other without much
upward
or downward movement.
4. the point on the surface of the earth directly above the point of origin or focus
of
an earthquake
5. a break in Earth's crust along which sections of rocks slide past each other
6. waves generated by an earthquake that travel through Earth or along its
surface
7. These are the first waves to strike in an earthquake and can travel through
both
solids and liquids.
8. A sudden movement of the ground caused by shifts in parts of the earth's
crust.
These usually will occur along a fault.
9. break in rock caused by compression forces, where rock above the fault
surface
moves upward relative to the rock below the fault surface
10. one of about 30 giant sections of the Earth's lithosphere
11. A series of large waves that is caused by an underwater earthquake or
volcanic
eruption. These waves can travel as fast as 950 km per hour!
12. a Greek prefix meaning "earthquake"
13. the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth
14. scientists who specialize in the study of earthquakes and seismic activities
15. the point underground where the movement of an earthquake first takes
place
16. a recording produced by a seismograph.
17. the science that studies earthquakes and their causes
18. a scale that measures the damage caused by an earthquake at different
locations
19. an earthquake which follows a larger earthquake and originates at or near the
focus of the larger earthquake
20. A device that records earthquake waves. This helps to calculate the time,
strength, and duration of earthquakes.
21. the seismic active region of earth, including the crust and upper mantle; this
layer
of the earth is approximately 62 miles thick
22. This is where two plates are moving away from each other. New crust is
formed
here.
23. 80% of all major earthquakes in the world happen here
24. a theory that explains movements of continental and oceanic plates as well
as
changes in earth's crust and mantle as a result of internal forces
25. the layer of Earth, under the crust, in which plate movement is generated
26. This is where two plates are sliding past each other. Crust is neither
produced nor
destroyed.
27. the innermost layer of Earth
28. These are the second waves to strike in an earthquake and can travel
through
solids, but these waves cannot travel through liquids.
29. a numerical scale used to measure the magnitude or energy release of an
earthquake
30. break in rock caused by tension forces, where rock above the fault surface
moves
down relative to the rock below the fault surface
31. This is where two plates are moving towards each other and where crust is
destroyed when one plate is pushed beneath the other plate.
32. the size of a seismic wave generated by an earthquake
Multiple Choice
Select the definition that most nearly defines the given word.
33. seismologists
A. the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth
B. scientists who specialize in the study of earthquakes and seismic activities
34. convergent boundary
A. This is where two plates are moving towards each other and where crust is
destroyed when one plate is pushed beneath the other plate.
B. A series of large waves that is caused by an underwater earthquake or
volcanic
eruption. These waves can travel as fast as 950 km per hour!
35. amplitude
A. the size of a seismic wave generated by an earthquake
B. waves generated by an earthquake that travel through Earth or along its
surface
36. The Ring of Fire
A. the point on the surface of the earth directly above the point of origin or focus
of an
earthquake
B. 80% of all major earthquakes in the world happen here
37. core
A. 80% of all major earthquakes in the world happen here
B. the innermost layer of Earth
38. lithosphere
A. a numerical scale used to measure the magnitude or energy release of an
earthquake
B. the seismic active region of earth, including the crust and upper mantle; this
layer of
the earth is approximately 62 miles thick
39. plate tectonics
A. This is where two plates are moving towards each other and where crust is
destroyed when one plate is pushed beneath the other plate.
B. a theory that explains movements of continental and oceanic plates as well as
changes in earth's crust and mantle as a result of internal forces
40. seismo
A. an earthquake which follows a larger earthquake and originates at or near the
focus
of the larger earthquake
B. a Greek prefix meaning "earthquake"
41. Richter Scale
A. a numerical scale used to measure the magnitude or energy release of an
earthquake
B. a theory that explains movements of continental and oceanic plates as well as
changes in earth's crust and mantle as a result of internal forces
42. epicenter
A. the layer of Earth, under the crust, in which plate movement is generated
B. the point on the surface of the earth directly above the point of origin or focus
of an
earthquake
43. seismic waves
A. waves generated by an earthquake that travel through Earth or along its
surface
B. the solid, outermost layer of Earth
44. tsunami
A. the seismic active region of earth, including the crust and upper mantle; this
layer of
the earth is approximately 62 miles thick
B. A series of large waves that is caused by an underwater earthquake or
volcanic
eruption. These waves can travel as fast as 950 km per hour!
45. seismograph
A. the point underground where the movement of an earthquake first takes place
B. A device that records earthquake waves. This helps to calculate the time,
strength,
and duration of earthquakes.
46. aftershock
A. an earthquake which follows a larger earthquake and originates at or near the
focus
of the larger earthquake
B. These are the first waves to strike in an earthquake and can travel through
both
solids and liquids.
47. P waves
A. These are the first waves to strike in an earthquake and can travel through
both
solids and liquids.
B. Rocks on either side of the fault are moving past each other without much
upward or
downward movement.
48. mantle
A. the layer of Earth, under the crust, in which plate movement is generated
B. This is where two plates are sliding past each other. Crust is neither produced
nor
destroyed.
49. seismogram
A. a Greek prefix meaning "earthquake"
B. a recording produced by a seismograph.
50. crust
A. the solid, outermost layer of Earth
B. the science that studies earthquakes and their causes
51. divergent boundary
A. This is where two plates are moving away from each other. New crust is
formed
here.
B. a measure of the energy released by an earthquake
52. asthenosphere
A. the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth
B. This is where two plates are moving away from each other. New crust is
formed
here.
53. plate
A. one of about 30 giant sections of the Earth's lithosphere
B. a break in Earth's crust along which sections of rocks slide past each other
54. earthquake
A. A sudden movement of the ground caused by shifts in parts of the earth's
crust.
These usually will occur along a fault.
B. scientists who specialize in the study of earthquakes and seismic activities
55. strike-slip fault
A. break in rock caused by tension forces, where rock above the fault surface
moves
down relative to the rock below the fault surface
B. Rocks on either side of the fault are moving past each other without much
upward or
downward movement.
56. fault
A. the innermost layer of Earth
B. a break in Earth's crust along which sections of rocks slide past each other
57. Mercalli Scale
A. These are the second waves to strike in an earthquake and can travel through
solids, but these waves cannot travel through liquids.
B. a scale that measures the damage caused by an earthquake at different
locations
58. S waves
A. These are the second waves to strike in an earthquake and can travel through
solids, but these waves cannot travel through liquids.
B. the size of a seismic wave generated by an earthquake
59. normal fault
A. A device that records earthquake waves. This helps to calculate the time,
strength,
and duration of earthquakes.
B. break in rock caused by tension forces, where rock above the fault surface
moves
down relative to the rock below the fault surface
60. magnitude
A. a recording produced by a seismograph.
B. a measure of the energy released by an earthquake
61. focus
A. one of about 30 giant sections of the Earth's lithosphere
B. the point underground where the movement of an earthquake first takes place
62. transform boundary
A. a scale that measures the damage caused by an earthquake at different
locations
B. This is where two plates are sliding past each other. Crust is neither produced
nor
destroyed.
Review
63. Which seismic waves can move through solid rock?
A. P waves
B. S waves
C. Surface waves
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
64. The strength of an earthquake is ranked on the basis of the average
amplitude
recorded by nearby seismograph stations.
A. False
B. True
65. How much bigger is a magnitude 9.2 earthquake than a 6.7 earthquake?
A. 78 times
B. 25 times
C. 316 times
D. 5,351 times
Based on the theory of plate tectonics, earthquakes usually occur at ____.
A. Hot spots
B. Divergent boundaries
C. Convergent boundaries
D. Convergent boundaries and transform fault boundaries
E. Transform fault boundaries
67. Seismic waves change direction and speed as they travel through different
densities of
rocks.
A. False
B. True
68. Earthquakes can produce both transverse and longitudinal waves.
A. True
B. False
69. Body waves can travel through solid rock and fluids, but surface waves can
only move
through solid rock.
A. True
B. False
70. Earthquakes with a magnitude of 2.0 or less are called microearthquakes.
A. False
B. True
71. The National Earthquakes Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) is a
nationwide
program to mitigate hazards caused by earthquakes. Which government agency
is
NOT one of the NEHRP agencies?
A. The International Code Council (ICC)
B. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
C. The National Science Foundation (NSF)
D. The United States Geological Survey (USGS)
72. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Deep earthquakes refer to earthquakes deeper than 700 km.
B. The Richter Scale starts at one and has no upper limit.
C. Normal faults are formed where the plate above the fault moves up and
pushes into
another plate.
D. An increase of one magnitude unit represents a factor of releasing ten times
more
energy.