Nem’s Notes…
Phase 1
RESPIRATORY 1 (page 1 of 1)
Upper Airway
Nose
Function
Structural Adaptation
Conditioning (humidifying/warming)
Filtering Foreign Material
Pharynx
Pharyngeal
Collapse
Larynx
(i) Large blood supply
(ii) Turbinate structures
(i) Impaction due to direction of airflow
(ii) Entrapment by nasal hair
Anatomy:
(a) Lies anteriorly to clavicular vertebrae
(b) Between nose/mouth and larynx
Divisions:
(a) Nasopharynx
(b) Oropharynx
(c) Laryngeopharynx
Muscles:
(a) Genioglossus (Tongue) – Most Important Dilator
(b) Geniohyoid
(c) Tensor palatini
(d) Levator palatini
(e) Superior pharyngeal constrictor
(f) Middle pharyngeal constrictor
(g) Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
Cause: Loss of pharyngeal dilator muscle combined with
(a) Negative intraluminal pressure
(b) Positive extraluminal pressure
Consequences:
(a) Fragmented Sleep
(b) Cessation of ventilation (hypoxaemia)
Symptoms:
(a) Loud intermittent snoring
(b) Excessive daytime sleepiness
(c) Impairment of cognitive function
(d) Nocturnal hypertension
Anatomy:
Be able to draw basic diagram of its structure
Muscles:
(a) Cricothyroid
(b) Posterior cricoarachnoid
(c) Lateral cricoarytenoid
(d) Thyroarytenoid
(e) Thyroepiglottic
(f) Aryepiglottic
(g) Interarytenoid
Adductors move cords together
Abductors move them apart
Function
Action
Swallowing
Vocal cords close. Epiglottis folds back. Larynx pulled up under
tongue.
Speech
Vocal cords made to vibrate by expired air through glottis.
Coughing
Larynx has supply of nerves to cause coughing when triggered
by muco-ciliary escalator or inhalation of foreign material
Lifting/Straining
Glottis closes thereby closing larynx
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