LESSON
8-3
Making Predictions with Theoretical Probability
Reteach
Predictions are thoughtful guesses about what will happen.
You can create an “outcome tree” to keep track of outcomes.
Sally is going to roll a number cube 21 times.
She wants to know how many times she can expect to roll a 1 or 4.
There are a total of 6 outcomes.
Of these, two outcomes (1 and 4) are desirable.
Use probability to predict the number of times Sally would roll a 1 or 4.
P (1 or 4) 
number of desirable outcomes 2 1
 
number of possible outcomes 6 3
Set up a proportion relating the probability to the number of tries.
1 x

3 21
3x  21
Cross-multiply.
x 7
Simplify.
In 21 tries, Sally can expect to roll seven 1s or 4s.
For each odd-numbered question, find the theoretical probability.
Use that probability to make a prediction in the even-numbered
question that follows it.
1. Sandra flips a coin. What is the probability
that the coin will land on tails?
2. Sandra flips the coin 20 times. How many
times can Sandra expect the coin to land
on tails?
________________________________________
_________________________________________
_
3. A spinner is divided into four equal sections
labeled 1 to 4. What is the probability that
the spinner will land on 2?
4. If the spinner is spun 80 times, how often
can you expect it to land on 2?
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
LESSON
8-3
Making Predictions with Theoretical Probability
Practice and Problem Solving: A/B
In each odd-numbered question, find the theoretical probability. Then use that
probability to make a prediction in the even-numbered question that follows it.
1. Martin flips a fair coin. What is the
probability that the coin will land on
heads?
2. Martin flips the coin 64 times. How many
times can Martin expect the coin to land
on heads?
_______________________________________
________________________________________
3. A spinner is divided into five equal
sections labeled 1 to 5. What is the
probability that the spinner will land on 3?
4. If the spinner is spun 60 times, how many
times can you expect the spinner to land
on 3?
_______________________________________
________________________________________
5. Harriet rolls a number cube. What is the
probability that the number cube will land
on 3 or 4?
6. If Harriet rolls the number cube 39 times,
how many times can she expect to roll a
3 or 4?
_______________________________________
________________________________________
7. A bag contains 6 red and 10 black
marbles. If you pick a marble from the
bag, what is the probability that the
marble will be black?
8. If you pick a marble, record its color, and
return it to the bag 200 times, how many
times can you expect to pick a black
marble?
_______________________________________
________________________________________
Make a prediction based on the theoretical probability.
9. Gill rolls a number cube 78 times. How
many times can he expect to roll an odd
number greater than 1?
10. Jenna flips two pennies 105 times. How
many times can she expect both coins to
come up heads?
_______________________________________
11. A shoebox holds a number of disks of the
same size. There are 5 red, 6 white, and
7 blue disks. You pick out a disk, record
its color, and return it to the box. If you
repeat this process 250 times, how many
times can you expect to pick either a red
or white disk?
_______________________________________
________________________________________
12. Ron draws 16 cards from a deck of
52 cards. The deck is made up of cards
of four different colors—red, blue, yellow,
and green. How many of the cards drawn
can Ron expect to be green?





________________________________________ 
LESSON
8-3
Making Predictions with Theoretical Probability
Practice and Problem Solving: C
1. Kamila has two number cubes each labeled 1 to 6. She is going to
conduct an experiment by tossing both cubes a total of 150 times.
She will find the sum of the two numbers in each roll.
a. How many possible outcomes are there? _________________
b. What is the probability of tossing a sum of 6? _________________
c. How many times should Kamila toss a sum of 7? ________________
d. How many times should Kamila toss a sum of 10 or greater?
_____________________________________
2. Eric has two number cubes each labeled 1 to 6. Eric is going to
conduct an experiment by tossing the cubes a total of 180 times.
He will find the product of the two numbers in each roll.
a. How many possible outcomes are there? _________________
b. How many times should Eric toss a product of 12? _________________
c. How many times should Eric toss a product greater than 20?
_____________________________________
d. How many times should Eric toss a product less than 10?
_____________________________________
3. Natalie has two number pyramids each labeled 1 to 4. Natalie is going
to conduct an experiment by tossing both pyramids a total of 96 times.
She will find the difference of each pair of numbers rolled by
subtracting the lesser number from the greater number.
a. How many possible outcomes are there? _________________
b. How many times should Natalie toss a difference of 1? ______________
c. How many times should Natalie toss a difference of 0? ______________
Practice and Problem Solving: D
Find the probability of each event. The first one is done for you.
1. Arjan flips a quarter. What is the
2. Stephanie rolls a number cube that has
probability of the quarter landing tails up?
sides numbered from 1 to 6. What is the
1
_______________________________________
2
3. What is the probability of spinning this
spinner and having it land on B?
_______________________________________
E
A
B
D
C
probability of the cube landing on either
2 or 5?
________________________________________
4. Jonathan has a bag that has 2 red
marbles and 3 blue marbles inside of it.
If you were to pick one marble from the
bag without looking, what is the
probability of picking a red marble?
________________________________________
Make a prediction based on a theoretical probability. Show your
work. The first one is done for you.
5. The probability of flipping a coin and
1
having it land on heads is . If a coin is
2
tossed 4 times, how many times can you
expect it to land on heads?
1
1 4
4
4  

2
_______________________________________
2
2 1
2
7. The probability of a number cube landing
1
on 4 is . If a number cube is tossed
6
12 times, how many times can it be
expected to land on 4?
_______________________________________
6. A spinner is divided into 4 equal sections.
1
The probability of landing on A is .
4
Norma spins the spinner 16 times. How
many times can she expect the spinner to
land on A?
________________________________________
8. The probability of picking a blue pen from
1
a cup of pens is . Tim picks one pen
3
from the cup without looking, records the
color, and puts the pen back. He does
this 15 times. How many times can he
expect to pick a blue pen?
________________________________________
Name _______________________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________
Practice and Problem Solving: C
LESSON 8-3
1. a. 36
Practice and Problem Solving: A/B
b.
1
1.
2
5
36
c. 25
2. 32
d. 25
1
3.
5
2. a. 36
b. 20
4. 12
1
3
c. 30
6. 13
3. a. 16
5
8
b. 36
5.
7.
d. 85
c. 24
8. 125
Practice and Problem Solving: D
9. 26
10. about 26
1.
1
2
2.
1
3
3.
1
5
4.
2
5
5.
1
1 4 4
4     2
2
2 1 2
6.
1
1 16 16
 16   
4
4
4 1
4
7.
1
1 12 12
 12   
2
6
6 1 6
8.
1
1 15 15
 15   
5
3
5 1
3
11. about 153
12. 4
Reteach
1.
1
2
2. 10
3.
1
4
4. 20
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