Stage 3 Human Biology 2015
Semester 1
Week
Content Focus
Cellular activities:
 role of cell membrane structure and function in active
1
transport and as a receptor
 DNA controls the production of cellular materials.
DNA and its function in the production of cellular materials
2
 role of enzymes in controlling cellular activities
3
4
Cells, Metabolism and Regulation
DNA and RNA is involved in:
 protein synthesis (including transcription and translation)
 cellular control of gene expression including regulator, operator
and promoter genes.
Effects of ageing on the musculoskeletal and nervous systems
including:
 osteoporosis
 osteoarthritis
 Alzheimer's disease
 Parkinson's disease
Medical technologies used to treat the effects of ageing and
trauma on the nervous and musculoskeletal systems
 tissue regeneration
 stem cell therapy
 artificial replacements
Human life span:
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6
Biotechnological techniques are being developed and used for a
range of applications including:
 identification of hereditary diseases by
Teaching and learning activities/resources
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HP Ch 2
Structure of cells pg 20-30.
DNA structure and function
RQ + AYK
STAWA Act 1: Cell membrane receptors
Clickview: Keeping it all together: Cell Membrane
Study Guide Ch 2.1
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HP Ch 3
Protein synthesis pg 31-40
Protein structure
Activity 3.1 – Transcribe and translate a gene pg
STAWA Act 13: Protein Synthesis and mutations
Clickview: Discovering DNA
Study Guide Ch 7.1
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HP Ch 20
Medical Technologies pg 335-352
Chemical Technologies
Biological Technologies
STAWA Lab 29: Ageing
STAWA Lab 30: Tissue engineering
Study Guide Ch 8.4
Study Guide 11.1-11.3
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HP Ch 21
Assessment
Test 1
diseases and treatment of an ageing population
euthanasia and quality of life issues.
 DNA sequencing
 profiling techniques
 PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
 genetic probes
 production of human proteins, hormones and vaccines by DNA
recombinant techniques including restriction and ligase
enzymes
 treatment of genetic disorders by gene therapy
 cell replacement therapy and tissue engineering by the cloning
of stem cells
Potential treatment related to individual variations:
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8
1
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information from the Human Genome providing new
interventions for common dysfunctions/ disorders
Body Systems
Central and peripheral nervous system:
 brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, meninges, medulla oblongata,
hypothalamus), spinal cord
 afferent and efferent systems
 structure of motor, sensory and inter-neurons
 the reflex arc including components and their functions in the
transmission of messages
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Biotechnology pg353-373
STAWA Lab 9: Transgenesis and gene therapy
STAWA Lab 10: DNA profiling
STAWA Lab 11: Human Genome Project
STAWA Lab 12:PCR – polymerase chain reaction
Clickview: Discovering DNA
Clickview: Gene Technology
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Clickview: Gene Technology Part1
Clickview: The Human Genome Project
Study Guide 9.1
(Biotech in a Box Kit is booked November )
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HP Ch 5
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Nervous system pg 56-68
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The brain and spinal cord
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Extension activity
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Activity 5.2 Phineas Gage
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STAWA Act 22: The brain
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Ch 6
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Nervous Tissue
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Divisions of the nervous system
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Activity 6.1 Reflexes
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STAWA Act 23: Reflexes and reactions
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Clickview: Coordination and Control 1: Animals
Study Guide Ch 8.1
The Tools of
Biotechnology
2
3
4
5
Body Systems
 transmission of nerve impulses—generation and propagation
 control of movement and balance—areas and types of motor
control of the body in the cerebrum and cerebellum
 innervation of muscular contraction.
Autonomic nervous system:
 overview of divisions of the nervous system
 relationship of the Autonomic NS to the body’s nervous
system
 divisions of the Autonomic NS and their effect on various
body organs.
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HP Ch 7
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Transmision of a nerve impulse
The autonomic nervous system
RQ + AYK
Endocrine system:
 types and location of endocrine glands
 relationship between the hypothalamus and pituitary
 production site, target organ and effect of various hormones
 feedback loops involving endocrine activity
 regulation of metabolism, blood sugar and body fluid
 hormonal modes of action – cell recognition
 lipid soluble –steroid hormones and water soluble-amine
hormones
Comparison of hormones and nerves in terms of:
 speed, duration, transmission and specificity.
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HP Ch 4
Endocrine glands and hormones pg 41-55
Activity 4.1 Endocrine Dysfunction
Activity 4.2 The discovery of Insulin
RQ + AYK
Study Guide
The Practice of Human Biology - Investigation protocols:
 use a personally identified problem to formulate an hypothesis
 select methodology to plan and conduct a safe and ethical
investigation into various aspects of the problem
 mathematically justify results and use others’ results to support
findings
 justify conclusions taking into account errors and limitations in
data
 prepare and present a balanced report, including discussion of
limitations and biases, using information from scientifically
reliable sources as well as own data.
Approaches to investigating and communicating human biology
 use a problem identified by the student to formulate an
hypothesis
 plan and conduct a safe and ethical investigation
incorporating two different methods to collect data
simple analysis of results including factors that influence the
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Review scientific methodology
HP Ch 1 Pg 1-19
Activity 1.1 Validating Pasteur’s experiment
RQ + AYK
Clickview: Anatomy Functional Body Systems
Test 2
Homeostasis: The
body's response to
vigorous exercise
investigation, rates, percentages and frequencies
6
Homeostasis by feedback systems:
 components of a stimulus-response feedback model
 homeostatic mechanisms that control:
 body temperature
 body fluid concentration
 blood sugar
 gas concentrations
 blood pressure
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7
physiological and behavioural mechanisms that influence the
maintenance of homeostasis of the above conditions.
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HP Ch 9
Stimulus response model Pg 101-121
Thermoregulation
STAWA Act 2: Introduction to homeostasis
STAWA Act 5: Temperature control
Clickview: Homeostasis
Regulation of body fluids
STAWA Act 3: Nephron structure and function
STAWA Act 4: Water balance
RQ + AYK
HP Ch 10 Pg122-140
Regulation of blood sugar
Regulation of gas concentrations
Control of heart rate and blood pressure
RQ + AYK
STAWA Act 7: Control of breathing
Study Guide Ch 2.2
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HP Ch 11 Pg141-155
Study Guide Ch 6.1
STAWA Act 6: Diabetes diagnosis
STAWA Act 8: Endocrines – when things go wrong
Study Guide Ch 2.3
8
Control of homeostatic dysfunction and hormone replacement
therapies to assist treatment of:
 hyper/hypothyroidism
 diabetes
 Risks, ethical concerns and benefits associated with
interventions.
9
10
Homeostatic
dysfunction and
hormone replacement
therapies
Disruption of homeostasis:
 causes of disruption
 hormonal including insulin—diabetes
 behavioural including. drugs, excessive activity, eating
habits
 disease including thyroid dysfunction
 treatments for disruption of homeostasis
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Revision of Content
Test 3
Stage 3 Human Biology
Semester 2
Week
1
2
3
4
7
8
Teaching and learning activities/resources
Syllabus content
Cells, Metabolism and Regulation
Specific resistance:
 role of B cells, T cells, memory cells and plasma cells
 antibody and cell-mediated defence
 primary and secondary immune response
 passive and active immunity
 natural and artificial immunity
 role of antibiotics and antivirals.
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HP Ch 12 Pg156-175
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Immune Response
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Types of immunity
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Vaccines
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Risks and ethical concerns
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RQ + AYK
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STAWA Act 24: Immunity – protection against invaders
Study Guide 7.2
Gene expression:
 the effect of the environment on gene expression
e.g. effect of UV light exposure on melanin
production and effect of diet on adipose tissue
 role of epigenetics.
 mechanisms including histone modification and
DNA methylation/acetylation
 case studies including twin studies
Modes of inheritance and variation:
 polygenic inheritance including human skin
colour (no dihybrid crosses)
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HP Ch 15
Inheritance pg 212-227
Activity 14.1 Polygenic inheritance
RQ + AYK
Study Guide 4.1
Video: View the on-line video from the Nova website. Activity: Epigenetics
(from the Nova website, open the teachers guide, and classroom activity)
www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3411/02.html
Gene pools:
 changes in allele frequencies due to:
 mutation
 natural selection
 random genetic drift including founder effect
 migration
 barriers to gene flow e.g. geographical and
cultural
 incidence of genetic diseases in various
populations including Tay-Sachs disease and
sickle cell anaemia.
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HP Ch 16
Evidence of Evolution pg 263-275
RQ + AYK
STAWA Act 18: Gene pools
Clickview: Mechanisms of Evolution
Clickview: Natural Selection: Its Place in Modern Society
Study Guide 5.1
Speciation: - Theory of evolution by natural selection.
 refer to other researchers’ findings to analyse and
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HP Ch 17
HP Ch 18
Assessment
Immunity
SEMESTER 1
EXAMS
Evolution
report data using a variety of sources of supporting
evidence and scientific concepts.
9
Evidence for evolution:
 comparative studies of DNA, protein sequences,
anatomy including embryology, homologous
structures and vestigial organs
10
The Fossil Record
 fossil formation
 geological dating and its limitations
 relative dating including stratigraphy, index
fossils and fluorine dating
 absolute dating including C-14 dating
 awareness of problems with the fossil record.
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11
Body Systems
Skeleton—structure and function related to:
 macro and microscopic structure of bone and cartilage
 structure and functionality of major joint types
Including ball and socket, hinge, pivot, gliding,
immovable, cartiliaginous.
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1
Body Systems
Muscles—structure and function related to:
 macroscopic including the types (voluntary and
involuntary) and resulting movements
 microscopic including myofibrils
 molecular including actin and myosin
 sliding filament theory of contraction.
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2
Fossil evidence for evolution pg 251-265
Geological Time Scale
Activity 17.1 Radioisotope dating
Statigraphy
Evidence for human evolution pg266-282
RQ + AYK
Activity 18.1 Trends in evolution
STAWA Lab 19: Fossils and fossil dating
STAWA Lab 20: Evidence for evolution – comparative anatomy
STAWA Lab 21: Evidence for evolution –molecular biology
Clickview: Understanding Evolution: Inheritance and Change
Study Guide 4.2
Study Guide 5.2
Test 4
HP Ch 13
Structure of the bone pg 176-195
Bones of the skeleton pg
Joints
RQ + AYK
STAWA Act 25, 26, 27
Study Guide 8.3
HP Ch 14 Pg 196-211
STAWA Lab 28: Muscle movement
Study Guide 8.2
Muscloskeletal
Prac Test
3
Primate evolution trends
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relative size of cerebral cortex
olfactory/optical shift
gestation time and parental care
mobility of the digits
teeth shape and dental arrangements.
4
Hominin evolution trends
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bipedalism—feet adaptations, hip and knee joints
relative size of cerebral cortex
prognathism and dentition
spine and pelvis shape.
Interaction of evolution mechanisms and the
environment
 effects of environment on early hominid evolution
 significant cultural advances associated with
australopithecines, Homo habilis, Homo erectus and
early Homo sapiens including tool cultures and the
change in lifestyles up to and including the
development of agriculture.
Informed debate about human origins.
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HP Ch 19
Primate evolution pg 283-303
Adaptatations for erect posture and bipedalism
Evolutionary trends
Cultural evolution of hominins
Zoo excursion (Friday 17th August): complete worksheet on primate features
suitable for use when introducing hominin features.
HP Ch 20 Pg304-319
STAWA Lab 31: Hominin adaptations: Upright stance
STAWA Lab 32: Hominin evolutionary trends: Brains and hands
STAWA Lab 33: Hominin evolutionary trends: Measuring skulls
STAWA Lab 34: Hominin evolutionary trends: Hominin and Pongid skulls
STAWA Lab 35: Hominin evolutionary trends: Bipedalism
Study Guide 10.1 and 10.2
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Hominid Trends
Cranial capacity
HP Ch 21 Pg 320-334
Study Guide 10.3
7-8
Revision of Semester Content
Test 5
9-10
Exams
Semester 2
Exam
Assessment Outline Stage 3 Human Biological Science
Assessment type
weighting
Tasks
Homeostasis: The body's
response to vigorous exercise
Investigation
20%
(15–25%)
The Tools of Biotechnology
5%
5%
Musculoskeletal Prac Test
5%
Cranial Capacity
5%
Homeostatic dysfunction and
hormone replacement
therapies
Response
(extended)
20%
(20–30%)
Task
weighting
Hominid Trends
5%
5%
Content and Chapter Reference
Your
Mark
Content
Approaches to investigating and communicating human biology:
 plan and conduct a safe and ethical investigation incorporating two
different methods to collect data
 Homeostasis by feedback systems
 Human Perspectives Chapter 8 and 9
Biotechnological techniques are being developed and used for a range of
applications.
 Complete Gel Electrophoresis
 Micropipette skills
 Uses for biotechnology
 Human Perspectives Chapter 21
Practical Assessment including the use of microscopes, specimens and
models to identify structures and functions of the musculoskeletal
system.
 Human Perspectives Chapter 12 and 13
Compare and contrast hominids trends through measurement of cranial
capacity.
 Human Perspectives Chapter 18 and 19
In-class essay covering control of homeostatic dysfunction and hormone
replacement therapies to assist treatment of:
 hyper/hypothyroidism
 control of reproduction and menopause
 risks, ethical concerns and benefits associated with interventions.
 Human Perspectives Chapter 10
In-class essay covering:
 Interaction of evolutionary mechanisms and the environment
 Evidence for evolution
 Human Perspectives Chapter 18 and 19
3A
3A
3B
Evolution
5%
In-class essay covering:
 Interaction of evolutionary mechanisms and the environment
 Evidence for evolution
Human Perspectives Chapter 15 and 16
Immunity
5%
In-class essay covering:
 External defence
 Specific and Non-specific defence
3B
3B
3A
3A
3B
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Tests and
examinations
60%
(40–60%)
Human Perspectives Chapter 11
Test 1
3%
Cells and Protein Synthesis
 Human Perspectives Chapter 2-3
3A/B
Test 2
6%
Technology and Nervous System
 Human Perspectives Chapter 20, 21, 5-7
3A/B
Test 3
7%
Homeostasis
 Human Perspectives Chapter 8-10
Semester 1 Examination
15%
Semester 1 Content
Test 4
7%
Immunity, Inheritance, and Evolution
 Human Perspectives Chapter 11, 14-17
Test 5
7%
Musculoskeletal and Evolutionary Trends
 Human Perspectives Chapter 12, 13, 18, 19
Semester 2 Examination
15%
Semester 2 Content
Resources:
Biozone Biology Modular Workbook Series Anatomy and physiology. 2009 Biozone International Ltd
Harrison, J. (2008). Our human species, 3rd edition. Ecopress Publications.
Harrison, J. (2009). Human biological science stage 3 workbook. Ecopress Publications.
Newton, T. & Joyce, A. (2009). Human perspectives book 2. McGraw-Hill Australia.
Newton, T. & Joyce, A. (2009). The essential dictionary of human biology. McGraw-Hill Australia.
Newton, T. & Joyce, A. (2009). Teacher resource CD-ROM. McGraw-Hill Australia.
STAWA Exploring Human Biological Science Stage 3 Changing bodies 2009
3A
3A/B
3A/B
3B
3A/B