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BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 102 – ANIMAL BIOLOGY
REVIEW SHEET FOR FINAL EXAM – CUMULATIVE QUESTIONS
UP TO 50 POINTS OF THE FINAL EXAM WILL CONSIST OF QUESTIONS
CHOSEN FROM THIS LIST
Note that for some of these questions there is more than one correct answer and many different
answers from different perspectives may receive full credit. Be logical, thorough and specific in
your answers.
1. Describe how evolution drives genetic changes that lead to the evolution of new animal
species. Your answer MUST include aspects of molecular biology (DNA, protein
synthesis, mutation, etc.), genetics, evolutionary biology and population
genetics/speciation.
2. Draw a basic evolutionary tree or cladogram to show the emergence and evolution of the
major animal phyla we studied in class (similar to the inside cover of your text). There
MUST be at least one differentiating characteristics indicated to separate the major
animal phyla. You need only show PHYLA and no other taxa.
3. Briefly describe the migration pattern of one animal species or a group of animal species
between two different specific biomes. Describe the physical characteristics (including
temperature and rainfall amount), plant life and general animal life found in each of the
two different specific biomes.
4. Describe how the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and muscular systems are
interdependent on one another in an individual animal. Cite specific examples of how
each system is dependent on the other systems. You may use bullet points to simplify
your answers for this question. Use specific examples of molecules that are important
in the interdependency of these three animal organ systems.
5. Draw a basic evolutionary tree or cladogram to show the emergence and evolution of the
major animal classes of vertebrates we studied in class (similar to the inside cover of
your text). There MUST be at least one differentiating characteristics indicated to
separate the major animal phyla. You need only show vertebrate CLASSES and no
other taxa.
6. Briefly describe the scientific discovery or contribution of two different scientists whose
work affected each other. Relate how the experiments or observations of one scientist
led to the discovery, refinement or change in our scientific understanding of the natural
world and how this led to the ability for the second researcher to contribute to biology.