CHAPTER 9:
BEHIND THE SCENES: A CLOSER LOOK AT SYSTEM
HARDWARE
Multiple Choice:
1.
A(n) ____________ is a device inside the computer that can be flipped to an on or off state.
A. conductor
B. electrical switch
C. instruction set
D. component
Answer: B
2.
Reference: Electrical Switches
Difficulty: Easy
Before the invention of the transistor, electrical switches were:
A. integrated circuits.
B. binary switches.
C. made of silicon.
D. vacuum tubes.
Answer: D
3.
Reference: Electrical Switches
Difficulty: Easy
The language consisting of 0s and 1s that computers understand is called ____________ language.
A. instruction
B. electronic
C. numerical
D. binary
Answer: D
Reference: Electrical Switches
Copyright © 2008 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.
Difficulty: Moderate
1
Chapter 9: Behind the Scenes: Inside the System Unit
4.
____________ are very small regions of semiconductor material that support a huge number of transistors.
A. Integrated circuits
B. Binary switches
C. Vacuum tubes
D. Electrical switches
Answer: A
5.
Reference: Electrical Switches
Difficulty: Easy
Chip is a common nickname for a(n):
A. transistor.
B. integrated circuit.
C. resistor.
D. semiconductor.
Answer: B
6.
Reference: Electrical Switches
Difficulty: Easy
The ____________ number system is also known as decimal notation.
A. arithmetic
B. binary
C. base 10
D. base 2
Answer: C
7.
Reference: The Binary Number System
Difficulty: Moderate
The ____________ number system is also known as the binary number system.
A. decimal
B. computer
C. base 10
D. base 2
Answer: D
Reference: The Binary Number System
Copyright © 2008 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.
Difficulty: Moderate
2
Chapter 9: Behind the Scenes: Inside the System Unit
8.
Today’s chips are composed of tens of millions of:
A. vacuum tubes.
B. transistors.
C. digital dividers.
D. hertz.
Answer: B
9.
Reference: Electrical Switches
Difficulty: Easy
____________ are electrical switches that are built out of a special type of material called a semiconductor.
A. Vacuum tubes
B. Circuits
C. Transistors
D. Capacitors
Answer: C
10.
Reference: Electrical Switches
Difficulty: Moderate
____________ uses 8 bits to represent each letter or character.
A. Binary
B. ASCII
C. EBCDIC
D. Unicode
Answer: B
11.
Reference: The Binary Number System
Difficulty: Moderate
Eight binary digits combine to form one:
A. notation.
B. base 10 number.
C. byte.
D. command.
Answer: C
Reference: Representing Letters and Symbols: ASCII and Unicode
Copyright © 2008 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.
3
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter 9: Behind the Scenes: Inside the System Unit
12.
The decimal number 133 translates into the binary number:
A. 11001111.
B. 11100011.
C. 10101010.
D. 10000101.
Answer: D
13.
Reference: Representing Numbers in the Binary Number System
Difficulty: Challenging
Using 8 bits, the ____________ code can represent the 26 uppercase letters and the 26 lowercase letters in
the English language and punctuation symbols as well as special characters.
A. EBCDIC
B. ASCII
C. Unicode
D. hexadecimal
Answer: B
14.
Reference: Representing Letters and Symbols: ASCII and Unicode
Difficulty: Moderate
The base 16 numbering system is also known as:
A. binary notation.
B. decimal notation.
C. hexadecimal notation.
D. integer notation.
Answer: C Reference: Dig Deeper: Advanced Binary and Hexadecimal Notation…
15.
Difficulty: Moderate
The CPU’s processing power is determined by the number of ____________ on each CPU.
A. instructions
B. transistors
C. chips
D. semiconductors
Answer: B
Reference: The CPU: Processing Digital Information
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4
Difficulty: Moderate
Chapter 9: Behind the Scenes: Inside the System Unit
16.
The ____________ connects all of the system’s electric components: the CPU, memory, expansion slots,
and electrical paths that connect these components.
A. motherboard
B. transistor board
C. adapter board
D. microprocessor board
Answer: A
17.
Reference: The CPU: Processing Digital Information
Difficulty: Moderate
The CPU advancement that allows quicker processing of information by enabling a new set of instructions
to start before the previous set had finished is known as:
A. clock speed.
B. execution speed.
C. cache memory.
D. hyperthreading.
Answer: D
18.
Reference: The CPU: Processing Digital Information
Difficulty: Challenging
The most recent improvement in PC processors is ____________, a technology whereby there are two
processors on the same chip, enabling the execution of two sets of instructions at the same time.
A. hyperthreading technology
B. dual-core technology
C. multitasking technology
D. PowerPC technology
Answer: B
19.
Reference: The CPU: Processing Digital Information
Difficulty: Moderate
The ____________ is measured in hertz (Hz), a unit of measure that describes how many times something
happens per second.
A. clock speed
B. machine cycle
C. register speed
D. processing cycle
Answer: A
Reference: The System Clock
Copyright © 2008 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.
Difficulty: Moderate
5
Chapter 9: Behind the Scenes: Inside the System Unit
20.
The “ticks” of the system clock are known as the:
A. microprocessor speed.
B. machine cycle.
C. clock cycle.
D. system speed.
Answer: C
21.
Reference: The System Clock
Difficulty: Easy
Today’s system clocks are measured in gigahertz (GHz), which would translate into ____________ of
clock ticks per second.
A. millions
B. thousands
C. billions
D. tens of millions
Answer: C
22.
Reference: The System Clock
Difficulty: Easy
The ____________ of the CPU manages the on/off switches inside the CPU.
A. microprocessor
B. ALU
C. transistors
D. control unit
Answer: D
23.
Reference: The Control Unit
Difficulty: Moderate
A specific set of commands understandable by the CPU is called the:
A. clock cycle.
B. instruction set.
C. program instructions.
D. instruction code.
Answer: B
Reference: Stage 2: The Decode Stage
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Difficulty: Moderate
6
Chapter 9: Behind the Scenes: Inside the System Unit
24.
The proper sequence of actions in a machine cycle is:
A. decode  fetch  execute  store.
B. fetch  decode  execute  store.
C. fetch  execute  decode  store.
D. execute  decode  store  fetch.
Answer: B
25.
Reference: The CPU Machine Cycle
Difficulty: Challenging
Level 1 cache is a block of memory that is built onto the:
A. motherboard.
B. RAM chips.
C. CPU chip.
D. expansion boards.
Answer: C
26.
Reference: Cache Memory
Difficulty: Moderate
Just as ACSII is the binary code for letters and characters, ____________ is the binary code for computer
instructions.
A. hexadecimal
B. EBCDIC
C. machine language
D. program language
Answer: C
27.
Reference: Stage 2: The Decode Stage
Difficulty: Challenging
Computer instructions are written by humans in:
A. hexadecimal.
B. assembly language.
C. machine language.
D. EBCDIC.
Answer: B
Reference: Stage 2: The Decode Stage
Copyright © 2008 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.
Difficulty: Challenging
7
Chapter 9: Behind the Scenes: Inside the System Unit
28.
The ____________ is the part of the CPU designed to perform mathematical calculations and compare
values.
A. instruction set
B. cache
C. ALU
D. control unit
Answer: C
29.
Reference: Stage 3: The Execute Stage
Difficulty: Moderate
The most frequently used instructions of a computer program are likely to be fetched from:
A. the hard disk.
B. cache memory.
C. RAM.
D. registers.
Answer: B
30.
Reference: Cache Memory
Difficulty: Easy
____________ is the set of memory chips located on the motherboard that store data and instructions that
cannot be changed or erased.
A. ROM
B. Level 1 cache
C. Dynamic RAM
D. Level 2 cache
Answer: A
31.
Reference: Types of RAM
Difficulty: Easy
The time it takes a device to locate data and instructions and make them available to the CPU is known as:
A. clock speed.
B. a processing cycle.
C. CPU speed.
D. access time.
Answer: D
Reference: RAM: The Next Level of Temporary Storage
Copyright © 2008 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.
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Difficulty: Challenging
Chapter 9: Behind the Scenes: Inside the System Unit
32.
The level of memory with the fastest access time is/are the:
A. Level 1 cache.
B. CPU registers.
C. physical RAM.
D. ROM.
Answer: B
33.
Reference: RAM: The Next Level of Temporary Storage
Difficulty: Challenging
Retrieving data from RAM is measured in:
A. milliseconds.
B. seconds.
C. nanoseconds.
D. clock cycles.
Answer: C
34.
Reference: RAM: The Next Level of Temporary Storage
Difficulty: Moderate
Getting data and instructions from the hard drive to the CPU is measured in:
A. milliseconds.
B. seconds.
C. nanoseconds.
D. clock cycles.
Answer: A
35.
Reference: RAM: The Next Level of Temporary Storage
Difficulty: Moderate
The ____________ is responsible for decoding instructions.
A. ALU
B. Level 1 cache
C. Level 2 cache
D. control unit
Answer: D
Reference: Stage 2: The Decode Stage
Copyright © 2008 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.
Difficulty: Moderate
9
Chapter 9: Behind the Scenes: Inside the System Unit
36.
The ____________ determines how many bits of data can be sent along a given bus at any one time.
A. control unit
B. bus speed
C. bus width
D. amount of memory
Answer: C
37.
Reference: Buses: The CPU’s Data Highway
Difficulty: Moderate
The ____________ are on the motherboard and run between the CPU and the main system memory.
A. expansion buses
B. local buses
C. RAM buses
D. ROM buses
Answer: B
38.
Reference: Buses: The CPU’s Data Highway
Difficulty: Easy
Bus clock speed is measured in:
A. megahertz (MHz)
B. gigahertz (GHz)
C. milliseconds (ms)
D. nanoseconds (ns)
Answer: A
39.
Reference: Buses: The CPU’s Data Highway
Difficulty: Moderate
The amount of data a CPU can process is based in part on the amount each ____________ can hold.
A. register
B. transistor
C. bus
D. instruction set
Answer: A
Reference: Stage 3: The Execute Stage
Copyright © 2008 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.
Difficulty: Challenging
10
Chapter 9: Behind the Scenes: Inside the System Unit
40.
The data transfer rate of a bus is calculated by multiplying the bus clock speed by the:
A. processor speed.
B. bus width.
C. processor’s word size.
D. processing time.
Answer: B
41.
Reference: Busses: The CPU’s Data Highway
Difficulty: Challenging
Video cards and sound cards use the ____________ to communicate with the motherboard.
A. expansion bus
B. Level 1 cache
C. local bus
D. Level 2 cache
Answer: A
42.
Reference: Buses: The CPU’s Data Highway
Difficulty: Moderate
All of the following are types of expansion buses EXCEPT:
A. AGP.
B. ISA.
C. PCI.
D. ALU.
Answer: D
43.
Reference: Buses: The CPU’s Data Highway
Difficulty: Easy
Peripherals communicate with the CPU through the:
A. local buses.
B. control unit.
C. CPU registers.
D. expansion buses.
Answer: D
Reference: Buses: The CPU’s Data Highway
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11
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter 9: Behind the Scenes: Inside the System Unit
44.
A system’s local bus runs between the:
A. motherboard and system ports.
B. CPU and main RAM.
C. hard disk and the main RAM.
D. control unit and the CPU’s registers.
Answer: B
45.
Reference: Buses: The CPU’s Data Highway
Difficulty: Moderate
The type of expansion bus used in modern computer systems for providing connections to typical
expansion cards such as network and sound adapters is a(n):
A. PCI bus.
B. ISA bus.
C. EISA bus.
D. AGP bus.
Answer: A
46.
Reference: Buses: The CPU’s Data Highway
Difficulty: Moderate
Which modern bus architecture is used especially for 3-D graphics?
A. PCI
B. ISA
C. AGP
D. EISA
Answer: C
47.
Reference: Figure 9.13: Bus Design Evolution
Difficulty: Challenging
Pipelining refers to:
A. splitting an instruction into pieces, with each sent to a separate processor.
B. processing multiple instructions simultaneously, each at a different stage of the machine cycle.
C. applying a common instruction to multiple data items at the same time.
D. installing several CPUs into the computer, in order to enable processing instructions in parallel.
Answer: B
Reference: Pipelining
Copyright © 2008 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.
Difficulty: Moderate
12
Chapter 9: Behind the Scenes: Inside the System Unit
48.
____________ refers to the principle of transferring computational work from overloaded computers, in a
computing cluster, to those with more available computing resources.
A. Clustering
B. Dual-core processing
C. Dual processing
D. Load balancing
Answer: D
49.
Reference: Bits and Bytes: Does Your Computer Need More… Difficulty: Moderate
Which of the following statements clearly explains the difference between a dual-processor design and
dual-core processors?
A. Dual-processor design is two CPU chips installed on the same system and dual-core processors
have two separate parallel processing paths.
B. Dual-core processors means there are two CPU chips installed on the same system and dualprocessors have two separate parallel processing paths.
C. Dual-processor design is computer clustering and dual-core processors have two separate
processing paths.
D. There is no difference. The terms are interchangeable.
Answer: A
50.
Reference: Multiple Processing Efforts
Difficulty: Challenging
A large network of computers each working on a portion of the same problem simultaneously is known as:
A. hyperthreading.
B. dual-processing.
C. clustering.
D. parallel processing.
Answer: D
Reference: Multiple Processing Efforts
Difficulty: Challenging
Fill in the Blank:
51.
____________, which is found in common sand, is the semiconductor material used to make transistors.
Answer: Silicon
Reference: Electrical Switches
Copyright © 2008 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.
13
Difficulty: Moderate
Chapter 9: Behind the Scenes: Inside the System Unit
52.
Integrated circuits, also known as____________, are very small regions of semiconductor material that
support a huge number of transistors.
Answer: chips
53.
Reference: Electrical Switches
Reference: The Binary Number System
Reference: Representing Letters and Symbols:...
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: The Binary Number System
Difficulty: Easy
Computers describe a number as powers of 2, which is known as the ____________ number system.
Answer: binary
60.
Difficulty: Easy
The base 10 number system is also known as ____________.
Answer: decimal notation
59.
Reference: Representing Letters and Symbols:...
Most of today’s personal computers use the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard code,
called ____________, to represent each letter or character as an 8-bit (1-byte) binary code.
Answer: ASCII
58.
Difficulty: Challenging
Bit is shorthand for ____________.
Answer: binary digit
57.
Difficulty: Easy
____________, a base 16 numbering system, can be used on Web pages to represent color.
Answer: Hexadecimal notation Reference: Dig Deeper: Advanced Binary and…
56.
Difficulty: Moderate
A(n) ____________ is an organized plan for representing a number such as binary and hexidecimal.
Answer: number system
55.
Difficulty: Moderate
Integrated circuits have enabled computer designers to create small yet powerful ____________, which are
the chips that contain a CPU.
Answer: microprocessors
54.
Reference: Electrical Switches
Reference: The Binary Number System
Difficulty: Easy
The ____________, or microprocessor, is the “brains” of the computer.
Answer: central processing unit (CPU) Reference: The CPU: Processing Digital Information Difficulty: Easy
61.
The combination of the processor and the operating system is referred to as the computer’s ____________.
Answer: platform
62.
Difficulty: Easy
In the store phase of the CPU machine cycle, the results of mathematical and logical calculations are stored
in ____________.
Answer: registers
63.
Reference: The CPU: Processing Digital Information
Reference: The CPU Machine Cycle
Difficulty: Moderate
The series of steps that the CPU follows to perform its tasks is known as the ____________.
Answer: machine (or processing) cycle
Reference: The CPU Machine Cycle
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14
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter 9: Behind the Scenes: Inside the System Unit
64.
____________, which consists of small blocks of memory located directly on and next to the CPU chip, is
a layer of storage that has faster access than RAM.
Answer: Cache memory
65.
Reference: Cache Memory
Two processors on the same chip, enabling the execution of two sets of instructions at the same time, is
known as ____________.
Answer: dual-core technology Reference: The CPU: Processing Digital Information
66.
Reference: Buses: The CPU’s Data Highway
Reference: Buses: The CPU’s Data Highway
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Stage 4: The Store Stage
Difficulty: Moderate
Random access memory is located on the ____________ of the system unit.
Reference: RAM: The Next Level of Temporary…
Difficulty: Easy
Bus clock speed is measured in ____________.
Answer: megahertz (MHz)
75.
Reference: Stage 3: The Execute Stage
The results calculated by the ____________ are placed into registers during the store stage of the machine
cycle.
Answer: motherboard
74.
Difficulty: Moderate
A program’s mathematical and logical calculations are performed by the CPU’s ____________.
Answer: Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
73.
Reference: Buses: The CPU’s Data Highway Difficulty: Easy
Reference: The CPU: Processing Digital Information
Answer: Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
72.
Difficulty: Moderate
____________ is a technique that allows the CPU to process a new set of instructions before the previous
set has finished.
Answer: Hyperthreading
71.
Difficulty: Moderate
The ____________ bus was designed to handle three-dimensional graphics data better.
Answer: Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)
70.
Difficulty: Moderate
The ____________ determines how many bits of data can be sent along the bus at one time.
Answer: bus width
69.
Reference: The CPU Machine Cycle
____________ buses are located on the motherboard and run between the CPU and main system memory.
Answer: Local
68.
Difficulty: Moderate
The ____________ are special memory storage areas built into the CPU that are the most expensive and
fastest memory in the computer.
Answer: (CPU) registers
67.
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Buses: The CPU’s Data Highway
Difficulty: Moderate
Peripheral devices are connected to the motherboard and CPU through ____________.
Answer: expansion buses
Reference: Buses: The CPU’s Data Highway
Copyright © 2008 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 15
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter 9: Behind the Scenes: Inside the System Unit
True and False:
76.
Supercomputers measure processing speed in terms of trillions of operations per second.
Reference: Bits and Bytes: Today’s Supercomputers:… Difficulty: Easy
Answer: True
77.
A dual-processor design has two separate CPUs installed in the same system.
Answer: True
78.
Reference: Multiple Processing Efforts
More cache memory improves the performance of the CPU.
Answer: True
79.
Reference: Cache Memory
Reference: The CPU Machine Cycle
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Buses: The CPU’s Data Highway
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Buses: The CPU’s Data Highway
Difficulty: Moderate
Moore’s Law predicted that the number of transistors on a processor would double every 18 months.
Reference: Making Computers Even Faster: Advanced...
Difficulty: Moderate
Dual processor systems are often used for computer simulations.
Answer: True
88.
Reference: Types of RAM
Local buses expand the capability of the computer by allowing the addition of expansion cards.
Answer: True
87.
Difficulty: Easy
The rate at which data moves on a bus is the bus clock speed.
Answer: False (Expansion)
86.
Difficulty: Easy
Random Access Memory (RAM) is nonvolatile storage.
Answer: True
85.
Reference: The System Clock
Reference: Types of RAM
Answer: False (volatile)
84.
Difficulty: Moderate
The access time of RAM is measured in nanoseconds (ns).
Answer: True
83.
Difficulty: Moderate
The pace of the system clock, measured in Hz, is known as clock “ticks.”
Answer: False (clock speed)
82.
Reference: The CPU Machine Cycle
When a program begins to run, the program’s binary code must be “fetched” from RAM.
Answer: True
81.
Difficulty: Moderate
The most expensive and fastest memory in the computer is ROM.
Answer: False (registers)
80.
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Multiple processing Efforts
Bus width is measured in terms of hertz (Hz).
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16
Difficulty: Moderate
Chapter 9: Behind the Scenes: Inside the System Unit
Answer: False (bits)
89.
Reference: Buses: The CPU’s Data Highway
The time it takes a device to locate data and instructions and make them available to the CPU for
processing is known as clock speed.
Answer: False (access time) Reference: RAM: The Next Level of Temporary Storage
90.
Difficulty: Challenging
Difficulty: Moderate
The control unit manages the switches inside the CPU.
Answer: True
Reference: The Control Unit
Difficulty: Easy
Matching:
91.
Match the following acronyms to their descriptions:
I.
EBCDIC
II. AMD
B. mainframe character code representation
III. EISA
C. faster RAM used in cache memory
IV. SRAM
D. 8-bit character code representation
V. ASCII
E. expansion bus architecture
Answer: B, A, E, C, D
92.
A. chip manufacturer
Reference: Multiple locations in chapter
Difficulty: Moderate
Match the following acronyms to their descriptions:
I.
AGP
A. organization that developed standard for floating point representation
II. ROM
B. organization that developed standard for ASCII character representation
III. DRAM
C. memory that cannot be changed or erased
IV. IEEE
D. relatively fast memory technology that includes rechargeable capacitors
V. ANSI
E. bus architecture dealing with video graphics
Answer: E, C, D, A, B
Reference: Multiple locations in chapter
Copyright © 2008 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.
17
Difficulty: Moderate
Chapter 9: Behind the Scenes: Inside the System Unit
93.
Match the following terms to their definitions:
I.
cache
II. assembly
B. the “brains” of the computer
III. pipeline
C. fast memory located in the CPU
IV. CPU
D. symbolic notation, such as MOV, ADD, representing machine language
V. Unicode
E. CPU architecture enabling parallel instruction processing
Answer: C, D, E, B, A
94.
Reference: Multiple locations in chapter
Difficulty: Moderate
Match the following terms to their definitions:
I.
transistor
A. semiconducting electrical switch
II. microprocessor
B. machine cycle stage
III. decode
C. eight binary digits
IV. register
D. CPU storage unit
V. byte
E. complete CPU on a single integrated circuit
Answer: A, E, B, D, C
95.
A. 16-bit character encoding scheme
Reference: Multiple locations in chapter
Difficulty: Easy
Match the following terms to their definitions:
I.
hexadecimal
A. small regions of semiconductor material supporting many transistors
II. sign bit
B. denotes a negative number
III. decimal
C. processing cycle
IV. machine cycle
D. base 10 number system
V. integrated circuit
E. base 16 number system
Answer: E, B, D, C, A
Reference: Multiple locations in chapter
Copyright © 2008 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.
18
Difficulty: Challenging
Chapter 9: Behind the Scenes: Inside the System Unit
96.
Match the following terms to their definitions:
I.
binary
II. semiconductor
B. material that can conduct electricity or act as an insulator
III. silicon
C. 8 bits
IV. byte
D. binary digit
V. bit
E. base 2 number system
Answer: E, B, A ,C, D
97.
Reference: Multiple locations in chapter
Difficulty: Challenging
Match the following acronyms to their definitions:
I.
ASCII
A. represents letters and numbers using 8 bits
II. DDR SDRAM
B. older computers use this bus architecture
III. ROM
C. a type of RAM
IV. ISA
D. memory that cannot be changed
V. AGP
E. bus architecture used for graphics
Answer: A ,C, D, B, E
98.
A. semiconductor material used to make transistors
Reference: Multiple locations in chapter
Difficulty: Easy
Match the following terms to their definitions:
I.
nanosecond (ns)
A. the pace of the system clock ticks
II. gigahertz (GHz)
B. one billion clock ticks per second
III. clock speed
C. clock speed is measured in this
IV. hertz (Hz)
D. manages the switches inside the CPU
V. control unit
E. one billionth of a second
Answer: E, B, A ,C, D
Reference: Multiple locations in chapter
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19
Difficulty: Moderate
Chapter 9: Behind the Scenes: Inside the System Unit
99.
Match the following terms to their definitions:
I.
system clock
A. volatile memory
II. hertz (Hz)
B. includes only 1s and 0s
III. machine cycle
C. a unit of measure that describes how often something happens per second
IV. RAM
D. a series of similar steps performed by the CPU
V. binary
E. a special crystal on the motherboard
Answer: E, C, D, A, B
Reference: Multiple locations in chapter
Difficulty: Moderate
100. Match the following terms to their definitions:
I.
vacuum tubes
II. circuit board
A. contains resistors, capacitors, diodes, and transistors
B. an old version of electronic switches
III. electrical switches C. can be switched between two states on and off
IV. digital
D. 0s and 1s
V. motherboard
E. main circuit board in a computer
Answer: B, A ,C, D, E
Reference: Multiple locations in chapter
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20
Difficulty: Easy