Reference
No Duratio Replicate
.
n (d)
s
Source
Predator
Herbivore
Producer
Lentic plankton
Attayde &
Hansson
(2001)
1
29
4
Fig. 2,
Table 2
Perca
fluviatilis
Zooplankton
Phytoplankt
on
Faafeng et al. 2
(1990)
22, 27
3
Table 1
Rutilus rutilus Zooplankton
Phytoplankt
on
Hansson
(1992)
1
69
3
Fig. 3
3 fish species Zooplankton
Phytoplankt
on
Hansson &
Carpenter
(1993)
1
69
3
Figs 2, 3 3 fish species Zooplankton
Phytoplankt
on
Havens
(1993)
1
28
2
Fig. 2
Phytoplankt
on
McQueen &
Post (1985)
1
120
1
Figs 4, 5 Perca
flavescens
Zooplankton
Phytoplankt
on
McQueen
et al. (1992)
1
99
2
Figs 1, 2 Perca
flavescens
Zooplankton
Phytoplankt
on
Mazumder & 1
Lean (1994)
106
2
Tables 2, Phoxinus eos
3
Zooplankton
Phytoplankt
on
Mazumder
et al. (1992)
117
2
Figs 2, 3 Perca
flavescens
Zooplankton
Phytoplankt
on
Perez1
Fuentetaja
et al. (1996a)
48
2
Table 1
Zooplankton
Phytoplankt
on
Perez1
Fuentetaja
et al. (1996b)
72
2
Tables 2, Lepomis
3
auritus
Zooplankton
Phytoplankt
on
Proulx et al.
(1996)
2
71
2
Figs 1, 2 Phoxinus sp.
Zooplankton
Phytoplankt
on
Shurin (2001) 2
81
4
Fig. 3
Lepomis
macrochirus,
Notonecta
undulata
Zooplankton
Phytoplankt
on
Turner &
Mittelbach
(1992)
2
28
3
Figs 2, 3 Lepomis
macrochirus
Zooplankton
Phytoplankt
on
Vanni &
Findlay
(1990)
2
67
3
Figs 2, 3 Perca
flavescens,
Chaoborus
americanus
Zooplankton
Phytoplankt
on
Vanni et al.
(1997)
2
40, 29
3, 4
Figs 2, 3 Phoxinus eos
Zooplankton
Phytoplankt
on
1
3 fish species Zooplankton
Perca
flavescens
Lentic benthos
Bronmark
(1994)
1
60
4
Figs 2, 3 Tinca tinca
Bronmark &
Weisner
(1996)
1
77
11
Figs 3, 6 4 fish species Snails
Periphyton
Bronmark
et al. (1992)
4
130,
100
5
Figs 1, 2 Lepomis
gibbosus
Snails
Periphyton
Chase
(1998b)
4
100
4
Pers.
comm.
Snails
Periphyton
Lodge et al.
(1994)
1
90
4
Figs 5, 9 Orconectes
rusticus
Snails + insects
Periphyton
Nystrom
et al. (2001)
1
60
5
Figs 2, 7 Pacifastacus
leniusculus
Snails + insects
Periphyton
1
1460
8
Figs 5, 6 4
Acrididae
insectivorous
bird species
Grasses,
forbs, and
shrubs
Chase (1996) 1
60
5
Fig. 3
Pardosa sp.
Melanoplus
sanguinipes
Grasses and
forbs
Chase
(1998a)
1
60
4
Figs 5, 6 Sceloporus
occidentalis
Melanoplus
devastator
and others
Perennial
grasses and
forbs
Fraser &
1
Grime (1998)
Poa annua,
Arrhenatheru
m elatius,
90
6
Figs 2, 5, Coccinella
Sitobion avenae
6
septempuncta
ta
Festuca
ovina
Gould &
Jeanne
(1984)
2
30
2
Table 3
Pieris rapae
Brassica
oleracea
var. capitata
Helenius
(1990)
1
75
9
Figs 2, 3 11+ insect
species
Rhopalosiphum
padi
Avena
sativa, Vicia
faba
Moran &
Hurd (1998)
1
90
9
Figs 2, 3 Tenodera
sinensis
11 orders of
arthropods
26 grasses
and forbs
Moran et al.
(1996)
1
60
6
Figs 3, 4 Tenodera
sinensis
A 'diverse
assemblage'
of arthropods
Perennial
grasses and
forbs
Moran et al. 2
(unpublished)
100
5
Pers.
comm.
Arthropods
Grasses and
forbs
Moran &
Scheidler
(2002)
131
5
Figs 1, 2 3 spider
species
Arthropods
Grasses and
forbs
Belostoma
flumineum
Snails, bivalves
and insects
Periphyton
Terrestrial
Bock et al.
(1992)
1
Polistes
fuscatus
Cursorial
spiders
Newsome
et al. (1989)
1
420
10
Vulpes
vulpes, Felis
catus
Oryctolagus
cuniculus
Grasses and
forbs
Schmitz
(1993)
1
24
8
Fig. 6
Tarentula
kochi
Melanoplus
sanguinipes
Grasses and
forbs
Schmitz
(1994)
1
50
8
Fig. 3,
Table 3
Hogna helluo Melanoplus
borealis
Schmitz et al. 1
(1997)
30
8
Figs 5, 6 Pisaurina
mira
Melanoplus
femurrubrum
Grasses and
forbs
Schmitz
(1998)
1
60
10
Figs 4, 5, Pisaurina
Table 3 mira
Melanoplus
femurrubrum,
Chorthippus
curtipennis
Grasses and
forbs
Snyder &
Wise (1999)
1
60
4
Fig. 4,
Carabidae
Tables 1, and
2
Lycosidae
Lepidoptera and
Coleoptera
4 garden
vegetables
Perennial
dicots and
grasses
Marine plankton
Abreu et al.
(1994)
1
9
3
Fig. 3,
Table 2
Xenomelaniri Copepods
s brasiliensis
Phytoplankt
on
Breitburg
et al. (1999)
1
35
4
Pers.
comm.
Fundulus
heteroclitus
Copepods
Phytoplankt
on
Fulton (1983) 3
54, 54,
52
2
Fig. 2
Neomysis
americana,
Mysidopsis
bigelowi
Copepods
Phytoplankt
on
Heiskanen
et al. (1996)
1
21
1
Figs 1, 3 Gasterosteus
aculeatus
Micro- and
macrozooplankton
Phytoplankt
on
Marino
(2001)
1
63
8
Pers.
comm.
Copepods
Phytoplankt
on
Olsson et al.
(1992)
1
12
2
Figs 2, 4, Aurelia aurita Copepods
6
Phytoplankt
on
Uitto et al.
(1995)
1
6
1
Fig. 1
Neomysis
integer
Micro- and
macrozooplankton
Phytoplankt
on
Menidia
beryllina
Marine benthos
Babcock
et al. (1999)
1
6570
14
Table 1,
text
Many fish
species
Sea urchins
Kelp
Duggins
(1980)
1
30
1
Table 1
Enhydra
lutris
Sea urchins
Kelp
Estes et al.
(1998)
1
3650
1
Fig. 1
Enhydra
lutris
Sea urchins
Kelp
McClanahan
1
365
2
Tables 3, Many fish
Sea urchins
Macro-algae
(1997)
5
species
Shears &
Babcock
(2002)
2
8030,
5840
5, 4
Figs 3, 5 Jasus
edwardsii
Evechinus
chloroticus
Macro-algae
Steneck &
Carlton
(2001)
1
2920
1
Fig. 17.1 Humans
2
Sea urchins
Macro-algae
Wootton
(1995)
1
730
8
Fig. 2,
text
Bechara et al. 2
(1992)
29, 66
5
Figs 2, 4 Salvelinus
fontinalis
Insects
Periphyton
Charlebois & 1
Lamberti
(1996)
46
5
Figs 1, 3 Orconectes
rusticus
Insects
Periphyton
Dahl (1998a) 2
30
4
Figs 1, 2 Salmo trutta,
Cottus gobio
Insects
Periphyton
Dahl (1998b) 2
32
4
Figs 2, 6 Salmo trutta,
Erpobdella
octoculata
Insects
Periphyton
Dahl &
Greenberg
(1999)
2
30
4
Figs 1, 3 Salmo trutta
Insects
Periphyton
Deegan et al. 1
(1997)
30
1
Figs 5, 7 Thymallus
arcticus
Insects
Periphyton
Diehl et al.
(2000)
1
66
1
Figs 3, 4 Salmo trutta
Insects
Periphyton
Flecker &
Townsend
(1994)
2
11
4
Figs 1, 2 Salmo trutta,
Galaxias cf.
vulgaris
Insects
Periphyton
Forrester
et al. (1999)
1
46
6
Fig. 2
Agosia
chrysogaster
Insects
Periphyton
Golden &
Deegan
(1998)
1
10
2
Fig. 6
Thymallus
arcticus
Insects
Periphyton
Holomuzki & 2
Stevenson
(1992)
34
9, 8
Table 3
Lepomis
megalotis, L.
cyanellus
Insects
Periphyton
McIntosh &
Townsend
(1996)
2
18
3
Figs 4, 6 Salmo trutta,
Galaxias
vulgaris
Insects
Periphyton
Nakano et al. 1
(1999)
28
2
Fig. 4
Insects
Periphyton
Power (1990) 1
35
6
Figs 3, 4 Oncorhynchu Insects
Periphyton
3 bird species Stronglyocentrot Macro-algae
us purpuratus
Stream benthos
Salvelinus
malma
s mykiss,
Hesperoleuca
s symmetricus
Power (1992) 2
40
6
Table 3
Oncorhynchu Insects
s mykiss,
Hesperoleuca
s symmetricus
Periphyton
Pringle &
Hamazaki
(1997)
1
49
4
Fig. 5,
Table 4
26 fish
species
Insects
Periphyton
Pringle &
Hamazaki
(1998)
2
40
4
Figs 2, 5 3 shrimp and
26 fish
species
Insects
Periphyton
Rosenfeld
(1997)
1
56
2
Fig. 3,
Table 1
Oncorhynchu Insects
s kisutch
Periphyton
Rosenfeld
(2000a)
1
101
3
Figs 1, 2 Cottus asper
Insects
Periphyton
Rosenfeld
(2000b)
1
86
2
Figs 2, 4 Oncorhynchu Insects
s kisutch
Periphyton
Stelzer &
Lamberti
(1999)
2
42
5
Figs 1, 2 Orconectes
propinquus,
Etheostoma
caeruleum
Insects
Periphyton
Wootton
et al. (1996)
2
30
6
Fig. 1
Oncorhynchu Insects
s mykiss
Periphyton
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