This list was created as a summary of most published work on the WMT, MSVT, and NV-MSVT and MCI for
people attending a seminar on these tests to be given by Dr. Paul Green in Portland, Oregon on May 31,
2013. It consists of two parts;
Part 1: Bibliography of work with Paul Green as author or co-author (pages 1 to 8)
Part 2: Papers by independent authors on WMT, MSVT, NV-MSVT & MCI (pages 8 to 11)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Part 1: Bibliography
RESEARCH PAPERS 2012
Armistead-Jehle, P., Gervais, R.O. & Green, P. (2012) Memory Complaints Inventory results as a function
of symptom validity test performance. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 27, (1) 101-113
Armistead-Jehle, P., Gervais, R.O. & Green, P. (2012b) Memory Complaints Inventory and Symptom
Validity Test performance in a clinical sample. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 27, (7) 725-734
Harrison, A.G., Green, P. & Flaro, L. (2012) The importance of symptom validity testing in adolescents and
young adults undergoing assessments for learning or attention difficulties. Canadian Journal of School
Psychology, 27 (1) 98-113
RESEARCH PAPERS 2011
Green, P. (2011) Comparison between the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) and the Non-Verbal
Medical Symptom Validity Test (NV-MSVT) in adults with disability claims. Applied Neuropsychology, 18,
18-26
Green, P., Montijo, J. & Brockhaus, R. (2011) High specificity of the Word Memory Test and Medical
Symptom Validity Test in groups with severe verbal memory impairment. Applied Neuropsychology, 18
(2) 86-94
RESEARCH PAPERS 2009
Green, P. (2009) Questioning common assumptions about depression. In J.E. Morgan & J.J. Sweet (Eds).
Neuropsychology of Malingering Casebook. London, Psychology Press.
Flaro, L., Green, P. & Blaskewitz, N. (2009) Die Bedeutung der Beschwerdenvalidierung im Kindesalter. In
T. Merten & H. Dettenborn (Eds). Diagnostik der Beschwerdenvaliditat. Berlin, Deutscher Psychologen
Verlag GmbH
Singhal, A., Green, P., Ashaye, K.,Shankar, K. & Gill, D. (2009) High specificity of the Medical Symptom
Validity Test in patients with very severe memory impairment. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 24
(8), 721-728
Green, P. Flaro, L. & Courtney, J. (2009) Examining false positives on the Word Memory Test in mild
traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 23 (9) 741-750
RESEARCH PAPERS 2007
Green, P. (2007) Manual for the Green’s Non-Verbal Medical Symptom Validity Test for Windows. Green’s
Publishing, Edmonton, Canada
Green, P. (2007) Spoiled for choice. In K. Boone (Ed.) Assessment of Feigned Cognitive Impairment: A
Neuropsychological Perspective. New York, Guilford Publications.
Green, P. (2007) The Pervasive Influence of Effort on Neuropsychological Tests. Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 18 (1), 43-68.
Flaro, L., Green, P., & Robertson, E. (2007) Word Memory Test failure 23 times higher in mild brain injury
than in parents seeking custody: The power of external incentives. Brain Injury, 21 (4), 373-383
Gervais, R., Ben-Porath, Y., Wygant, D. & Green, P. (2007) Development and Validation of a Response Bias
Scale (RBS) for the MMPI-2. Assessment, 14 (2), 196-208.
Gill, D., Green, P., Flaro, L. & Pucci, T. (2007) The Role of Effort Testing in Independent Medical
Examinations. Medico-Legal Journal, 75 (2) 64-71
RESEARCH PAPERS 2006
Richman, J., Green, P., Gervais, R., Flaro, L., Merten, T., Brockhaus, R. & Ranks, D. (2006). Objective tests
of symptom exaggeration in independent medical evaluations. Journal of Occupational and
Environmental Medicine, 48 (3), 303-311
RESEARCH PAPERS 2005
Green, P. (2003, updated 2005) Manual for the Word Memory Test for Windows. Green’s Publishing,
Edmonton, Canada.
Green, P., (2005) The pervasive influence of effort on neuropsychological test scores. International Journal
of Forensic Psychology.
Merten, T., Green, P., Henry, M., Blaskewitz, N. & Brockhaus, R. (2005). Analog validation of German
language symptom validity tests and the influence of coaching. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology,
20, 6, 719-726.
Green, P., Gervais, R. & Merten, T. Das Memory Complaints Inventory (MCI): Gedächtnisstörungen
Beschwerdenschilderung und Leistungsmotivation [The Memory Complaints Inventory (MCI): Memory
impairment, symptom presentation, and test effort]. Neurologie & Rehabilitation, 2005, 11, 139-144.
RESEARCH PAPERS 2004
Green, P. (2004) Manual for the Medical Symptom Validity Test for Windows. Green’s Publishing,
Edmonton, Canada
Green, P. (2004) Testmotivation und ihre Messung. Reportpsychologie, 29, 5, 303-308
Gervais, R., Rohling, M. Green, P. & Ford, W. (2004) A comparison of WMT, CARB and TOMM failure rates
in non-head injury disability claimants. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19 (4) 475-487.
RESEARCH PAPERS 2003
Green, P. (2003) Welcoming a paradigm shift in neuropsychology. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology,
18 (6) 625-627
Lees-Haley, P.R., Green, P., Rohling, M.L., Fox, D.D. & Allen, L.A. (2003) The lesion(s) in traumatic brain
injury: implications for clinical neuropsychology. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 18 (6) 585-594
Green, P., Rohling, M.L, Iverson, G. & Gervais, R. (2003) Relationships between olfactory discrimination and
head injury severity. Brain Injury, 17 (6) 479-496
Green, P. & Flaro, L. (2003) Word Memory Test performance in children. Child Neuropsychology, 9 (3)
189-207
Green, P. (2003) “The patient seemed to be making an effort … but the results were not valid”. Invited
article, The Canadian Neuropsychologist, The Canadian Psychological Association Section 23 – Clinical
Neuropsychology, Newsletter, May 2003, 6-12
Green, P., Lees-Haley, P.R. & Allen, L.M. (2003) The Word Memory Test and the validity of
neuropsychological test scores. In J. Hom & R.L. Denney (Eds) Detection of Response Bias in Forensic
Neuropsychology New York, Haworth Medical Press
Williamson, D., Green, P., Allen, L. & Rohling, M. (2003) Evaluating effort with the Word Memory Test and
Category Test – Or not: Inconsistencies in a compensation-seeking sample. Journal of Forensic
Neuropsychology, 3 (3), 19-44
Ferrari, R., Obelieniene, D., Russell, A.S., Darlington, P., Gervais, R.O. & Green, P. (2003) Laypersons’
expectation of the sequelae of whiplash injury. A cross-cultural comparative study between Canada and
Lithuania. Journal of Rheumatology, 30, 1880
Allen, L.M., Iverson, G.L. & Green, P. (2003) Computerized Assessment of Response Bias in forensic
neuropsychology. In J. Hom & R.L. Denney (Eds) Detection of Response Bias in Forensic Neuropsychology
New York, Haworth Medical Press
RESEARCH PAPERS 2002
Green, P., Lees-Haley, P.R. & Allen, L.M. (2002) The Word Memory Test and the validity of
neuropsychological test scores. Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology, 2, 3 / 4, 97-124
Allen, L.M., Iverson, G.L. & Green, P. (2002) Computerized Assessment of Response Bias in forensic
neuropsychology. Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology, 3, 1 / 2, 205-225
Rohling, M.L., Green, P., Allen, L.M. & Iverson, G.L. (2002) Depressive symptoms and neurocognitive test
scores in patients passing symptom validity tests. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 17 (3), 205-222
Green, P. & Josey, F. (2002) The use of an earplug to increase speech comprehension in a subgroup of
children with learning disabilities: an experimental treatment. Applied Neuropsychology, 9 (1) 13-22
Rohling, M.L., Allen, L.M. & Green, P. (2002) Who is exaggerating cognitive impairment and who is not?
CNS Spectrums, 7 (5), 387-395
Iverson, GL, Lange, RT, Green, P & Franzen, MD. (2002) Detecting exaggeration and malingering with the
Trail Making Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 16 (3) 398-406
Ferrari, R., Obelieniene, D., Russell, A.S., Darlington, P., Gervais, R.O. & Green, P. (2002) Laypersons’
expectations of the sequelae of whiplash injury. A cross-cultural comparative study between Canada and
Lithuania. Medical Science Monitor, 8 (11), 728-734
Allen, L., Rohling, M., Dunn, T. & Green, P. (2002) Effect size comparisons between analogue simulators
and patients failing CARB or the WMT effort measures. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 17 (8),
856
Allen, L., Rohling, M. & Green, P. (2002) Failure rates on the CARB in 32 North American assessment
practices. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 17 (8), 857
Allen, L., Rohling, M. & Green, P. (2002) Beyond symptom validity: accounting for domain-specific
variance amid the ruins of your post 9-11 test data. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 17 (8) 857
Allen, L.M. & Green, P. (2002) Equivalence of the computerized and orally administered Word Memory
Test effort measures. WebPsychEmpiricist, http://www.wpe.info/papers_table.html
RESEARCH PAPERS 2001
Green, P. & Iverson, G.L. (2001) Effects of injury severity and cognitive exaggeration on olfactory deficits in
head injury compensation claims. Invited article for Neurorehabilitation, 16, 237-243
Green, P. (2001) Comment on article “Does pain confound interpretation of neuropsychological test
results?” Invited article for Neurorehabilitation, 16, 305-306
Green, P. (2001) Why clinicians often disagree about the validity of test results. Invited article for
Neurorehabilitation, 16, 231-236
Gervais, R.O., Russell, A.S., Green, P., Allen, L.M., Ferrari, R. and Pieschl, S D. (2001) Effort testing in
patients with fibromyalgia and disability incentives. Journal of Rheumatology, 28, 1892-1899.
Green, P, Rohling, ML, Lees-Haley, PR & Allen LM. (2001) Effort has a greater effect on test scores than
severe brain injury in compensation claimants. Brain Injury, 15 (12) 1045-1060
Green, P., Gervais, R. & Allen, L.M. Word Memory Test in normal controls and clinical cases simulating
impairment. . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2001, 16 (8), 849-850.
Green, P., Rohling, M.L. Lees Haley, P. & Allen, L.M. Exaggeration affects test scores far more than severe
brain injury. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2001, 16 (8), 751.
Allen, L.M., Rohling, M.L. & Green, P. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis of symptom validity failure
using six cognitive domains. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2001, 16 (8), 846-847.
Gervais, R., Green, P. & Ford, W. Age effects on WMT performance in disability-related assessments.
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2001, 16 (8), 809.
Lange, R.T., Iverson, G.L., Green, P., & Franzen, M.D. Clinical base rates on the Trail Making Test in a TBI
sample: examination of the malingering hypothesis. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2001, 16 (8),
852.
Green, P. and Iverson, G. (2001) Validation of the Computerized Assessment of Response Bias in litigating
patients with head injuries. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 15 (4), 492-497.
Green, P. (2001). “The patient seemed to be making a valid effort” Yes, but were the results valid?
Psychologists’ Association of Alberta Psymposium, 11 (2), 23-27
Iverson, G.L. & Green, P. (2001) Measuring improvement or decline on the WAIS-R in inpatient psychiatry.
Psychological Reports, 89, 457-462
Ferrari, R., Obelieniene, D., Russell, A.S., Darlington, P., Gervais, R.O. & Green, P. (2001) Symptom
expectation after minor head injury. A comparative study between Canada and Lithuania. Clinical
Neurology and Neurosurgery, 103, 184-190
Gervais, R., Green, P., Allen, L.M. & Iverson, G. Effects of coaching on symptom validity testing in chronic
pain patients presenting for disability assessments. Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology, 2001, 2 (2), 119.
RESEARCH PAPERS 2000
Slick, D.J., Iverson, G.L. & Green, P. California Verbal Learning Test indicators of suboptimal performance in
a sample of head-injury litigants. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 22 (5) 569-579,
2000.
Slick, D.J., Iverson, G.L. & Green, P. California Verbal Learning Test indicators of suboptimal performance in
a sample of litigating patients. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, February 2000,
Vol. 6, No. 2.
Iverson, G., Woodward, T.S., & Green, P. Base rates of WAIS-R VIQ-PIQ differences in 1,593 psychiatric
inpatients. Submitted to the Journal of Clinical Psychology., 2000
Green, P. & Allen III, L.M. Patterns of memory complaints in 577 consecutive patients passing or failing
symptom validity tests. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2000, 15 (8), 844-845
Green, P., Berendt, J., Mandel, A. & Allen III, L.M. Relative sensitivity of the Word Memory Test and Test of
Memory Malingering in 144 disability claimants. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2000, 15 (8), 841
Allen III, L.M. & Green, P. The utility of response consistency on the Word Memory Test as a method of
identifying suboptimal effort. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2000, 15 (8), 839
Rohling, M.L., Green, P. & Allen III, L.M. Comparisons between a logistic regression formula for the CVLT
and the Word Memory Test as indicators of suboptimal performance in a sample of litigants. Archives of
Clinical Neuropsychology, 2000, 15 (8), 839-840
Flaro, L., Green, P. & Allen III, L.M. Symptom validity test results with children: CARB and WMT. Archives of
Clinical Neuropsychology, 2000, 15 (8), 840
Gervais, R., Green, P., Russell, A.S., Pieschl, S. & Allen III, L.M. Failure on symptom validity tests associated
with disability incentives in fibromyalgia patients. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2000, 15 (8), 841842
Rohling, M.L., Green, P., Allen III, L.M. & Lees-Haley, P.R. Effect sizes of impairment associated with
symptom exaggeration versus severe TBI: an analysis of a sample of 657 patients and counting. Archives of
Clinical Neuropsychology, 2000, 15 (8), 843
Williamson, D., Green, P., Allen III, L.M. & Rohling, M. Who’s exaggerating? The Category Test and Word
Memory Test give different answers. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2000, 15 (8), 845
RESEARCH PAPERS 1999
Iverson, G., Green, P. & Gervais, R. Using the Word Memory Test to detect biased responding in head
injury litigation. The Journal of Cognitive Rehabilitation, 17 (2), 4-8, 1999
Green, P., Iverson, G. & Allen, L. Detecting malingering in head injury litigation with the Word Memory
Test. Brain Injury, 1999, 13 (10) 813-819
Iverson, G., Turner, R.A. and Green, P. Predictive validity of WAIS-R VIQ-PIQ splits in persons with major
depression. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1999, 55 (4), 519-524
Flaro, L., Green, P., Allen, L. & Gervais, R. Normative data on the Emotional Perception test with 794
Children. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1999, 14 (8), 718
Green, P., Allen, L.M. The differential effects of depressive symptoms on self-report and performance–
based neurocognitive measures in patients demonstrating good effort during assessment. Archives of
Clinical Neuropsychology, 1999, 14 (8), 741-742
Allen, L.M. III, Green, P., Eimer, B.N. The effect of pain on neurocognitive measures in patients
demonstrating good effort, Part I: Data on objective and self-reported assessment of memory ability.
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1999, 14 (8), 742-743
Allen, L.M. III, Green, P. & Eimer, B.N. The effect of pain on neurocognitive measures in patients
demonstrating good effort, Part II: Data on measures of psychopathology and commonly used
neuropsychological tests. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1999, 14 (8), 743
Green, P., Allen, L.M. III, & Iverson, G.L. Utility of the Memory Complaints Inventory for identifying
symptom exaggeration in mild to moderate traumatic brain injury. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology,
1999, 14 (8), 743
Gervais, R., Green, P. & Allen, L. Differential sensitivity to symptom exaggeration of verbal, visual and
numerical symptom validity tests. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1999, 14 (8), 746-747
Gervais, R., Allen, L., Green, P. & Cunningham, S. The effects of coaching DSM-IV pain disorder patients on
the Computerized Assessment of Response Bias. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1999, 14 (1), 97/98
Allen, L. & Green, P. CARB and WMT Effort tests scores in 57 Patients with severe traumatic brain Injury.
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1999, 14 (8), 789
Allen, L.M., Green, P., Conder, R.L., Iverson, G. The diagnostic inefficiency of the MMPI-2 relative to two
performance-based measures of response bias in patients with actual or claimed head injury. Archives of
Clinical Neuropsychology, 1999, 14 (1), 95.
RESEARCH PAPERS 1998
Green, P. and Iverson, G. Exaggeration of anosmia in 80 litigating head Injury cases. Archives of Clinical
Neuropsychology (1998) 13 (1), 138
Iverson, G. and Green, P. Validation of the Computerized Assessment of Response Bias in litigating
patients with head injuries. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology (1998) 13 (1), 142
Green, P. & Iverson, G. Cross-validation of a new measure of response bias (WMT) in 167 litigating head
injury cases. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, (1998) 13 (1), 138
Allen, L., Richards, P., Green, P., Iverson, G & Conder, R. Performance patterns on the Computerized
Assessment of Response Bias in 1752 compensation cases. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, (1998),
13 (1), 15
Allen, L., Green, P., Richards, P. & Iverson, G. Actuarial risk factors related to failing the Computerized
Assessment of Response Bias in 307 compensation evaluations. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology,
(1998) 13 (1), 15
Green, P., & Iverson, G. Evaluation of the Word Memory Test and Warrington’s Recognition Memory Tests
in Litigating Patients with Head Injuries. Presented at a seminar organized by Dr. Horton at the 1998
American Psychological Association Annual Convention. San Francisco, USA, August 1998.
RESEARCH PAPERS 1996
Green, P., Allen, & Astner (1996) Word Memory Test (WMT). (Chapter in Lezak, M., Howieson, D., &
Loring, D. Neuropsychological Assessment, 4th Edition).
Green, P., Allen, L., & Astner, K. (1996). Manual for the computerized Word Memory Test. Cognisyst, N.C.
RESEARCH PAPERS 1995
Green, P., & Astner, K. (1995). Manual for the Oral Word Memory Test. Cognisyst, N.C.
Part 2: Independent Papers on WMT, MSVT, and NV-MSVT
Allen, M. D., Bigler, E. D., Larsen, J., Goodrich-Hunsaker, N. J., & Hopkins, R. O. (2007). Functional
neuroimaging evidence for high cognitive effort on the Word Memory Test in the absence of
external incentives. Brain Injury, 21(13-14), 1425-1428.
Allen, M. D., Wu, T. C., & Bigler, E. D. (2011). Traumatic brain injury alters Word Memory Test
performance by slowing response time and increasing cortical activation: An fMRI study of a
symptom validity test. Psychological Injury and Law, 4(2), 140-146.
Armistead-Jehle, P. (2010). Symptom validity test performance in U.S. veterans referred for evaluation
of mild TBI. Applied Neuropsychology, 17, 52-59.
Armistead-Jehle, P., & Buican, B. (2013). Comparison of select advanced clinical solutions embedded
effort measures to the Word Memory Test in the detection of suboptimal effort. Archives of
Clinical Neuropsychology, 28(3), 297-301.
Armistead-Jehle, P., & Gervais, R. O. (2011). Sensitivity of the Test of Memory Malingering and the
Nonverbal Medical Symptom Validity Test: A replication study. Applied Neuropsychology, 18,
284-290.
Armistead-Jehle, P. & Hansen, C.L. (2011). Comparison of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of
Neuropsychological Status Effort Index and Stand-Alone Symptom Validity Tests in a Military
Sample. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 26, 592-601.
Axelrod, B. N., & Schutte, C. (2011). Concurrent validity of three forced-choice measures of symptom
validity. Applied Neuropsychology, 18, 27-33.
Batt, K., Shores, E. A., & Chekaluk, E. (2008). The effect of distraction on the Word Memory Test and the
Test of Memory Malingering performance in patients with a severe brain injury. Journal of the
International Neuropsychological Society, 14(6), 1074-1080.
Bauer, L., O’Bryant, S. E., Lynch, J. K., McCaffrey, R. J., & Fisher, J. M. (2007). Examining the Test of
Memory Malingering trial 1 and Word Memory Test immediate recognition as screening tools
for insufficient effort. Assessment, 14(3), 215-222.
Bowden, S. C., Shores, E. A., & Mathias, J. L. (2006). Does effort suppress cognition after traumatic brain
injury? A re-examination of evidence for the Word Memory Test. Clinical Neuropsychologist,
20(4), 858-872.
Brockhaus, R., & Merten, T. (2004). Neuropsychologische diagnostic suboptimalen leistungsverhaltens
mit dem Word Memory Test. Nervenarzt, 75, 882-887.
Carone, D. A. (2008). Children with moderate/severe brain damage/dysfunction outperform adults with
mild-to-no brain damage on the Medical Symptom Validity Test. Brain Injury, 22(12), 960-971.
Carone, D. A. (2009). Test review of the Medical Symptom Validity Test. Applied Neuropsychology, 16,
309-311.
Chafetz, M. (2008). Malingering on the social security disability consultative exam: Predictors
and base rates. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 22(3), 529-546.
Chafetz, M. (2011). Reducing the probability of false positives in malingering detection of social
security disability claimants. Clinical Neuropsychologists, 25(7), 1239-1252.
Donders, J., & Boonstra, T. (2007). Correlates of invalid neuropsychological test performance after
traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 21(3), 319-326.
Fox, David. (2011). Symptom validity test failure indicated invalidity of neuropsychological tests. Clinical
Neuropsychologist, 25(3), 488-495.
Gorny, I., & Merten, T. (2005). Symptom information—warning—coaching: How do they affect
successful feigning in neuropsychological assessment?. Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology,
4(4), 71-97.
Goodrich-Hunsaker, N. J., & Hopkins, R. O. (2009). Word Memory Test performance in amnesic patients
with hippocampal damage. Neuropsychology, 23(4), 529-534.
Gunn, D., Batchelor, J., & Jones, M. (2009). Detection of simulated memory impairment in 6- to 11-yearold children. Child Neuropsychology, 16,105-118.
Hartman, D. E. (2002). The unexamined lie is a lie worth fibbing: Neuropsychological malingering and the
Word Memory Test. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 17(7), 709-714.
Hoskins, L. L., Binder, L. M., Chaytor, N. S., Williamson, D. J., & Drane, D. L. (2010). Comparison of oral
and computerized versions of the Word Memory Test. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology,
25(7), 591-600.
Henry, M., Merten, T., Wolf, S. A., & Harth, S. (2010). Nonverbal Medical Symptom Validity Test
performance of elderly healthy adults and clinical neurology patients. Journal of Clinical and
Experimental Neuropsychology, 32(1), 19-27.
Kirkwood, M.W. (2012). Overview of tests and techniques to detect negative response bias in children.
In E.M.S. Sherman & B.L. Brooks (Eds.), Pediatric forensic neuropsychology. New York: Oxford
University Press.
Kirkwood, M.W., Connery, A.K., Kirk, J.W., & Baker, D.A. (2013). Detecting performance invalidity in
children: Not quite as easy as A, B, C, 1, 2, 3 but automatized sequences appears promising.
Child Neuropsychology. Advance online publication.
Kirkwood, M.W., Hargrave, D., & Kirk, J.W. (2011). The value of the WISC-IV Digit Span subtest in
detecting noncredible performance during pediatric neuropsychological exam. Archives of
Clinical Neuropsychology, 26, 377-384.
Kirkwood, M.W. & Kirk, J.W. (2010). The base rate of suboptimal effort in a pediatric mild TBI sample:
Performance on the Medical Symptom Validity Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 24, 860872.
Kirkwood, M.W., Kirk, J. W., Blaha, R. Z., & Wilson, P. E. (2010). Noncredible effort during pediatric
neuropsychological exam: A case series and literature review. Child Neuropsychology, 16, 604618.
Kirkwood, M.W., Yeates, K.O., Randolph, C., & Kirk, J.W. (2012). The implications of symptom validity
test failure for ability-based test performance in a pediatric sample. Psychological Assessment,
24, 36-45.
Larochette, A. C., & Harrison, A. G. (2012). Word Memory Test performance in Canadian adolescents
with learning disabilities: A preliminary study. Applied Neuropsychology Child, 1(1), 38-47.
Larsen, J. D., Allen, M. D., Bigler, E. D., Goodrich-Hunsaker, N. J., & Hopkins, R. O. (2010). Different
patterns of cerebral activation in genuine and malingered cognitive effort during performance
on the Word Memory Test. Brain Injury, 24(2), 89-99.
Lindstrom, W. A., Lindstrom, J. H., Coleman, C., Nelson, J., & Greg, N. (2009). The diagnostic accuracy of
symptom validity tests when used with postsecondary students with learning disabilities: A
preliminary investigation. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 24(7), 659-669.
Loring, D. W., Marino, S. E., Drane, D. L., Parfitt, D., Finney, G. R., & Meader, K. J. (2011). Lorazepam
effects on Word Memory Test performance: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled,
crossover trial. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 25(5), 799-811.
Lynch, W. J. (2004). Determination of effort level, exaggeration, and malingering in neurocognitive
assessment. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 19(3), 277-83.
Martins, M., & Martins, I. P. (2010). Memory malingering: Evaluating WMT criteria. Applied
Neuropsychology, 17, 177-182.
Merten, T., Blaskewitz, N., & Stevens, A. (2007). Can suboptimal effort be detected with the d2 test of
attention?. Aktuelle Neurologie, 34, 134-139.
Merten, T., Bossink, L., & Schmand, B. (2007). On the limits of effort testing: Symptom validity tests and
severity of neurocognitive symptoms in nonlitigant patients. Journal of Clinical and Experimental
Neuropsychology, 29(3), 308-318.
Merten, T., Friedel, E., Mehren, G., & Stevens, A. (2007). Uber die validitat von personlichkeitsprofilen in
der nervenarztilichen begutachtung. Nervenarzt, 78, 511-520.
Merten, T., Friedel, E., & Stevens, A. (2007). Die authentizitat der beschwerdenschilderung in der
neurologisch-psychiatrischen begutachtung: Eine untersuchung mit dem strikturierten
fragebogen simulierter symptome. Praxis der Rechtspsychologie, 17, 140-154.
Merten, T., Thies, E., Schneider, K., & Stevens, A. (2009). Symptom validity testing in claimants with
alleged posttraumatic stress disorder: Comparing the Morel Emotional Numbing Test, the
Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology, and the Word Memory Test. Psychological
Injury and Law, 2(3-4), 384-293.
Morel, K. R. (2008). Comparison of the Morel Emotional Numbing Test for posttraumatic stress disorder
to the Word Memory Test in neuropsychological evaluations. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 22(2),
350-362.
Rienstra, A., Groot, P. F. C., Spaan, P. E. J., Majoie, C. B. L. M., Nederveen, A. J., Walstra, G. J. M., . . .
Schmand, B. (2012). Symptom validity testing in memory clinics: Hippocampal-memory
associations and relevance for diagnosing mild cognitive impairment. Journal of Clinical and
Experimental Neuropsychology, iFirst, 1-12.
Rienstra, A., Spaan, P. E., & Schmand, B. (2009). Reference data for the Word Memory Test. Archives of
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