Chapter 1: Mapping Earth’s Surface
Lesson 1.1- Reading Maps
A. Understanding Maps
1.
show where things and places are in relation to each other.
a. There are different types of maps. Many maps show where things are
_____________on Earth.
b. A
map shows a snapshot of things at a given time. A series of maps
can show change over
2.
.
is the distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian.
(Lines of longitude are vertical lines that divide Earth.)
a. Lines of longitude run from the north pole to the south pole and include the
___________meridian and part of the international date line. (The Prime Meridian
passes through the city of Greenwich.)
b. Earth is divided into 360 degrees of
. Degrees of longitude are
measured from 0ₒ to 180ₒ to the _________of the prime meridian and from 0ₒ to 180ₒ
. (The circumference of Earth is 360ₒ.)
west of the
3.
is the distance in degrees north or south of the equator. (Lines of
latitude are horizontal lines that divide Earth.)
a. Earth’s equator is a line of
. (The equator divides Earth
into northern and southern hemispheres.)
(The equator is labeled as 0ₒ.)
b. Earth is divided into
degrees of latitude. Degrees of latitude are
measured from 0ₒ to 90ₒ north of the _____________to Earth’s north pole, and from 0ₒ
to 90ₒ south starting from the equator and measuring toward Earth’s
_______________.
4. The degrees used to measure latitude and longitude are divided into
smaller units
called minutes (‘).
5. Minutes of latitude or longitude are also divided into 60 smaller units called
____________ (“).
6. The location of any place on Earth can be communicated as the
of latitude and line of
7. The
of a line
.
of a line of latitude and a line of longitude, which identifies a
specific place on Earth, can be represented by the number of
,
, and
_____________that line of latitude is away from the _____________followed the number of
degrees, minutes and seconds the line of
is away from the prime meridian.
(The correct sequence to plot a location on Earth is degrees, minutes, then seconds.)
8. A
is one way of drawing a map so it seems as if you are
looking down at the area from directly above. (Map with a horizontal view
of Earth’s surface.)
9. A map drawn in
shows a cross section of an area. (Map
with a vertical or perpendicular view of Earth’s surface.) (A builder
preparing to dig the foundation of a house to the proper depth would
most likely use a profile view.)
B. Map Scales and Legends
1. A
lists all the symbols to represent
certain features on Earth’s surface used on the map and defines each
symbol. (Another word for a map legend is a key.)
2. A
gives the relationship between a distance
on the map and the actual distance that part of the map represents.
3. A map scale can be written as a
map to the distance in real life, such as 1:100.
of the distance on the
Lesson 1.2- Topographic and Geological Maps
A. Topographic Maps
1.
use lines of equal elevation to show the
shape of Earth’s surface. (A road is considered a cultural feature on a
topographic map.)
2. Brown lines drawn on topographic maps to join points of equal
elevation are called _____________________.
a. Closely spaced contour lines represent
b.
slopes.
spaced contour lines indicate areas where the land is
fairly flat.
c. The
is the elevation, or vertical distance, between
one contour line and the next one on a map.
d. Some maps with contour lines have darker or wider contour lines, called
__________________, that represent a round number of feet or meters. A
map with a 20-meter contour interval might have an index contour at every
multiple of 100 meters.
B. Geological Maps
1.
are maps that represent the geology of an
area.
2. A
, or rock unit, is a three-dimensional body, or
volume, of a certain type of rock of a given age range.
3. A place where two rock formations occur next to each other is
called a
.
a. One of the main types of contacts is a
______________contact, which occurs where sediments were deposited and
compressed into rocks on top of an existing geologic formation.
b.
contacts are contacts where rock formations that
were next to each other have been moved due to shifting of Earth’s crust.
4.
are created by scientists who observe and
collect rock samples from Earth’s surface. (The colors on a geologic map
help to sort rocks into different formations.)
5. To make geologic maps, scientists often need to know about
________________ geologic formations.
a.
, or cliffs often expose underground rock
formations.
b.
are collected by drilling deep
underground, and these give scientists information about underground rock
units.
c. A
, like a core sample or outcrop, is a
side view of a vertical area of Earth that shows how rocks are stacked on
each other.
Discussion Question:
Carla is planning a mountain biking trip in the Cascade mountain
range. Suggest the types of maps she should use and why.
_____________________________________________________________
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