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Tectonics: plate movement
Earth structure, plate tectonics theory: convection currents and sea-floor spreading. Evidence: continental drift and palaeomagnetism.
Destructive, constructive and conservative plate margins. Processes: seismicity and vulcanicity.
Associated landforms: young fold mountains, rift valleys, ocean ridges, deep sea trenches and island arcs. Hot spots associated with plumes of
magma and
their relationship to plate movement.
Key Questions
What is the
structure of the
earth?
What are the
characteristics of
the tectonic
plates?
What is the
biological and
geological
evidence for
tectonics?
What are the
geophysical lines
of evidence for
drift?
What is the
pattern of the
tectonic plates?
Suggested Pupil activities/methods
Resources
Discuss the evidence to develop a model of the
earth’s structure.
EQ seismicity P, S and surface waves
Core; mantle; crust, Moho etc
Lithosphere aesthenosphere
Liquid core and magnetism
Continental and oceanic crust, link to astheno
and litho,
Rock type (sial, sima) basalt and granite
Age, thickness,
Text
1,2
Wegner,
Consider the geography of Pangea, evidence
includes fit, geology, past glaciations, flora and
fauna.
Consider the limitations
Go through the more recent evidence, polar
wandering, mag. Anomalies, age of ‘new’
ocean crust.
2
World map of plates noting speed and direction
of movement. And 3 causes of movement
Plot recent eqs and volcs on map from web site
Activity Cook 308
Qu
DVD/video
Misc
Nagle 6
Waugh 10
Ross 27
Theory vid
Red 3
2
Geog Rev 12,2,12
Questions
Nagle 8
Red
Ross 29
Ross 30
Sugg
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What happens at
plate boundaries
What happens at
hot spots?
Produce table, identify landforms at margins
including, island arcs, trenches, fold mts,
ridges, and rift valleys
Using Hilton P 15, draw scatter and use
Spearman’s to show relationship between eq
depth and distance from trench, use Excel file
Summary
Satellite images
Odd one out
Loop of plates
Discuss processes involved in terms of mantle
plumes
Hawaii
4
9
Yellowstone
Plate move vid
Nagle 9
Red 5
Ross 30
Ross 31
Cook TG 183
Geo Fact G90
GeoFile 638
Red 10
Cook 325
Prosser 23
Ross 40
GeoFile 25 526
Geog Rev, 14,2 and
14, 3
Geog Rev 16,3
Vulcanicity
Variations in the type and frequency of volcanic activity in relation to types of plate margin and types of lava.
Forms of intrusive activity – dykes, sills, batholiths.
Minor forms of extrusive activity – geysers, hot springs and boiling mud.
Major forms of extrusive activity – types of volcanoes.
Two case studies of recent (ideally within the last 30 years) volcanic events should be undertaken from contrasting areas of the world. In each
case, the
following should be examined:
• the nature of the volcanic hazard
• the impact of the event
• management of the hazard and responses to the event.
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Key Questions
Suggested Pupil activities/methods
What are the
causes of
different types of
volcanic
eruption?
Discuss difference between intrusive and
extrusive.
Identify different types of volcanoes and their
geological setting
Activity
Also type of hazard assoc with each
Resources
Text
11
DVD/Video
40
79
Misc
Red 12 diag 15
Waugh 22
Nagle 14
Cook 327 + TG 184
Geofile 16 327
Geo Fact G30, 164
What are the
forms of
intrusive
activity?
What are the
minor forms of
extrusive
activity?
What evidence is
there within the
UK of past
tectonic activity?
How are we
protected against
volcano’s
eruptions
Discuss the formation of dykes, sills, batholiths
Go through geysers, hot springs, boiling mud
Powerpoint
Map extrusive rocks of UK with major faults
Distribution and cause
PPP
Nature;
Impact
management
12
Red 15
Waugh 23
GeoFile 687
Red 16
Nagle 13
Sugg
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Case study:
LEDC
Montserrat
Causes
Impact
Management
Case study:
MEDC
Etna
Causes
Impact
Management
27
19
Red 22
Ross 42
GeoFile 19 401
Geog Rev 11,4
GGB5 Jan 05
Frampton 71
Red 20
GeoAct 14290
Geofile20417
Tectonics: seismicity
The causes and main characteristics of earthquakes: focus and epicentre; seismic waves and earthquake measurement.
Tsunamis – characteristics and causes.
Two case studies of recent (ideally within the last 30 years) seismic events should be undertaken from contrasting areas of the world. In each
case, the
following should be examined:
• the nature of the seismic hazard;
• the impact of the event;
• management of the hazard and responses to the event.
Key Questions
Suggested Pupil activities/methods
Discuss causes of eqs, focus (depth), epicentre,
Resources
Text
DVD/Video
Misc
Sugg
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What are the
causes and
distribution of
earthquakes?
seismic waves. Magnitude and frequency
Effects
Distribution, global and UK
22
20
Red 24
Cook TG 182
Geo Fact G133
How can the
earthquake
hazard be
managed?
Stat test for earthquakes
Prediction
Protection
26
Ross 46
Cook 338
29
28
Geofile 24510
Geog Rev 19,1
Geo Fact G194, 221
Nagle 24
Stats, mag v deaths, Spearman’s
Answers
Case study
Indonesian tsunami
Nature
Impact
Management
Japanese
Powerpoint
Case study
Haiti
Nature
Impact
Management
Aftermath, ppt
Case study
New Zealand
Nature
Impact
Management
Geog review 25,1
GeoFile 687
GeoFact 289
34
Clickview, DVD,
89.
GeoFile 672
Geog Review 25,1,30
GeoFact 285
Topic Eye Nat Haz
12/13
Geog Review 25,3,34
Worksheet
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