| Proc Soc Indon Biodiv Intl Conf | vol. X | pp. X-X | July 20XX | ISSN 2252-617X |
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ERI SULYANTI1,, TRIMURTI HABAZAR2, ETI FARDA2, ABDI DHARMA2, NASRIL NASIR2
of Graduates, Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manih, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia, E-mail: es_yanti08@yahoo.com; 2Faculty of
Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia.
1 School
Manuscript received: ................ (The date of paper submission). Revision accepted: ...............
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Materials and methods. Arbuscular Mychorrhizae
Fungi (AM Fungi) indigenous were isolated from healthy
banana rhizosphere at the endemic Fusarium wilt areas in
the Center of banana production West Sumatera using
survey methods by conducting field observations and
laboratory work. To extract AM Fungi spores using wet
SULYANTI et al. – Biocontrol agent to Fusarium wilt
sieving methods (Figure 1; Gederman and Nicolson, 1963).
The single spore of AM Fungi was introduced to 3 dayages of shorgum root to their limited propagation through
make of culture starter and keep on test tubes (volume 50
g) for 30 days (Brundrett , et al. (1996) and mass
propagation on maize seedling (pot cultures : volume 200
g) for 60 days. The AM Fungi isolates added to the roots of
the banana planlet ( 10 g isolate per planlet) at planting
time.
Kultur starter FMA dipupuk dengan + 10 ml
larutan 1% Hyponex merah (25-5-20) dengan konsentrasi 1
g L-1 setiap 3 hari sekali dan disiram sampai kapasitas
lapang. Tanaman dipelihara hingga mencapai awal masa
berbunga (+ umur 2 bulan) di rumah kaca
FMA fertilized with starter culture + 10 ml solution of
1% red Hyponex (25-5-20) with a concentration of 1 g L-1
every 3 days and watered to field capacity. Plants
maintained up to early flowering (+ 2 months of age) in a
greenhouse
The diversity of AM Fungi was observed by counting
the number and types of spores per 100 grams of soil,
carried out by identifying which are based on the shape and
type of spores to genus level is done by making
preparations microscope in Melzer's solution (Brundrett et
al. 1996; Invam 2004).
Results and Discussion. In this research found three
genera of AM Fungi Glomus sp, sp Acaulospora sp,
Gigaspora sp. From the low land areas (+ 70 m sea level)
found 11 spore type of AM Fungi with 34 number of
individual consisting of 8 Glomus sp.1, 7 Glomus sp Type 2, 2 Glomus sp.3, 1 Glomus sp.4, 1 Glomus sp.5, 2 Glomus
sp.6, 1 Glomus sp.7, 3 Glomus sp.8 and 3 Acaulospora
sp.1, 2 Acaulospora sp.2, 4 Gigaspora sp, while in the
middle land (+ 475 m sea level) recorded 8 spore type of
AM Fungi species with a total of 18 individuals consisting
of 8 species, ie Glomus sp.1, 1 Glomus sp Type -3, 2
Glomus sp.4, 1 Glomus sp.5, 1 Glomus sp.6, and 1
Acaulospora sp.1, 2 Acaulospora sp.2 and 2 Gigaspora sp.
In the high land (+ 975 m sea level) recorded 8 spore type
of AM Fungi with 24 number of individual consisting of 7
Glomus sp.1, 6 Glomus sp.2, 2 Glomus sp.3, 1 Glomus
sp.4, 2 Glomus sp Type -5, 1 Glomus sp Type -6, and 1
Glomus sp.7. Frequency of the presence of AM Fungi
varies, the highest was Glomus sp ie 100.00%, followed by
Akthar, M.S. and Siddiqui, Z.A. 2008. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as
Potential
Bioprotectants against Plant Pathogens. In:
Mycorrhizae: Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry, Siddiqui, Z.A.,
M.S. Akhtar and K. Futai (Eds.). Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht,
The Netherlands, pp: 61-97.
Brundrett, M.C. (2002). "Coevolution of roots and mycorrhizas of land
plants". New
Phytologist 154 (2): 275–304.
Gianinazzi S, Schüepp H, Barea JM, Haselwandter K (2002). Mycorrhizal
technology in
agriculture: from genes to bioproducts. Birkhauser,
Basel
INIBAP. 1998. Evalluation of Musa germplation resistance to sigatoka
disease and fusarium
wilt. Montpellier. France.
5
Acaulospora sp and Gigaspora sp 66.66%. After trapping
each of spores by using a single spore culture on sorghum
seedlings was found 76 healthy spores as AM Fungi
isolates. These AM Fungi isolates introduced to Maize
seedling to select and reproduced them and found that 24
isolates of AM Fungi have the potential to be implemented
on a banana seedlings to reduce fusarium wilt.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are worldwide
distributed soil fungi, forming symbiosis with most plant
families. Their importance in natural and seminatural
ecosystems is commonly accepted and materialized by
improved plant productivity and diversity as well as
increased plant resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses
(Smith and Read 2008). Nowadays, they are increasingly
considered in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry
programs, as well as for environmental reclamation, to
increase crop yield and health and to limit the application
of agrochemicals (Gianinazzi et al. 2002; Johansson et al.
2004).
Natural areas generally contain an array of mycorrhizal
fungal species. The proportions and abundance of
mycorrhizal species often declines following any
disturbance. Not all mycorrhizal fungi have the same
capacities and tolerances. Because of the wide variety of
soil, climatic, and biotic conditions characterizing their
environments, it is improbable that a single mycorrhizal
fungus could benefit all banana cultivars and adapt to all
conditions. For example, the types and activities of
mycorrhizal fungi associated with banana cultivars are
often different than those associated with woody plants.
Mycorrhizal fungi have differing abilities to produce
antibiotics that retard soil pathogens. Likewise, some
mycorrhizal fungi are better at producing enzymes that
facilitate mineral uptake such as phosphorous and iron.
Still other mycorrhizal fungi can access organic forms of
nitrogen. Selecting mycorrhizal products that contain
several mycorrhizal species likely provides a range of
benefits to the plant not found with only one species.
Conclusion. AM Fungi diversity more predominantly
found in lowland areas compared to Middle and highland
areas with varying spore densities. Three genera of AM
Fungi found were Acaulospora, Glomus and Gigaspora,
whereas Genus Glomus found dominantly in almost all soil
sampling sites.
Invam.
2004.
Classification
of
Glomeromycota.
http://Invam.caf.wvu.edu/fungi/taxoniny/clasification.tm.on
Mei
2005 Page 1 of 1
Johansson, J.F., Paul, L.R., and Finlay, R.D. 2004. Microbial interactions in
the mycorrhizosphere and their significance for sustainable
agriculture. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 48:1–13.
Marschner, P., Timonen, S. 2004. "Interactions between plant species
and mycorrhizal colonization on the bacterial community
composition in the rhizosphere". Applied
Soil Ecology 28:
23–36.
Smith ,S.E., and Read, D.J. (eds). 2008. Mycorrhizal symbiosis, 3rd edn.
Academic, London