Name _______________________ Period ______
Genetics Study Guide Due Dec. 10th
My child has completed this study guide and is prepared for the genetics test Friday, December 11th
__________________________ (parent signature)
Define the following words:
1. __________________-An organisms genetic make-up, or alleles an organism has for a trait.
2. __________________-An Organism’s physical appearance, or visible trait.
3. __________________- An organism that has two different alleles for a trait.
4. __________________- An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait.
5. __________________- Heredity material that controls all the activities of the cell.
6. __________________- segments of DNA that carry heredity instructions and are passed from parent to
offspring.
7. __________________- The division of the nucleus.
8. __________________- Cellular division that results in 4 haploid sex cells.
Intro to Heredity and Probability and Punnett Squares
1. ________________is the study of heredity.
2. Heredity is the passing of _______________ from parents to offspring
3. Who is considered to be the “Father of Genetics”? ____________________________________
4. What is a trait?________________________________________________________________
5. Genes occupy a specific location on a _________________.
6. _________________ are various forms of the same gene. (Blue eyes b, and Brown eyes B).
7. _________________ alleles are alleles whose trait always show up in the trait when present.
8. _________________ alleles whose trait can be hidden whenever the dominant one is present.
9. _________________ is a diagram used to determine possible outcomes of alleles in a genetic cross.
Determine if the following is Heterozygous = H, Homozygous Recessive = HR, Homozygous Dominant = HD
AA _____
ee ____
Ii _____
Mm _____
1. In Pigs, curly tails are dominant to straight tails. Cross a male pig that is homozygous dominant with a female pig that
is homozygous recessive.
A. Parent Genotypes ___________ x ___________
B. Genotypes_____________________ Ratio: __________________
C. Phenotypes____________________________ Ratio: _________________
D. What percentage of offspring will have curly tails? ______________
2. Is it possible for two curly tailed pigs to have offspring with straight tails? Show why or why not by creating a
Punnett Square.
A. Parent Genotypes ___________ x ___________
B. Genotypes_____________________ Ratio: __________________
C. Phenotypes____________________________ Ratio: _________________
D. What percentage of offspring will have straight tails? ______________
Patrick recently married Patti, a cute girl he met at a local dance. He is considered hybrid for his brown eyes. Patti has beautiful
blue eyes. Answer the following questions about Patrick and Patti.
3. ____________________What is Patrick’s genotype?
4. ____________________What is Patrick’s phenotype?
5. ____________________What is Patti’s genotype?
6. ____________________Which phenotype is dominant?
7. Create a Punnett Square that shows the possible offspring of Patrick and Patti and answer the questions below.
A. Parent Genotypes ___________ x ___________
B. Genotypic Ratio: __________________
C. Phenotypic Ratio: _________________
D. What percentage of offspring will have brown eyes? ______________
More Rules to Genetics
8. In daffodil flowers, red flowers (R) are incompletely dominant to white flowers (r). Cross a plant that is homozygous
dominant with a plant that is homozygous recessive.
A. Parent Genotypes ___________ x ___________
B. Genotypes_____________________ Ratio: __________________
C. Phenotypes____________________________ Ratio: _________________
D. What percentage of offspring will have red flowers? ______________
9. Two people marry and have offspring. The father has type AB blood. The mother has type AB blood.
A. Parent Genotypes ___________ x ___________
D. What percentage of offspring will have type A blood? ______________
What do genes look like? Day 1 and 2 Notes
1. What is the function of DNA?
Remember: A and B are codominant and O is recessive.
AA= Type ___ AO= Type ____
AB= Type ____
BB = Type ___ BO= Type ____
OO = Type ____
2. Nucleotides are made up of ______________________, __________________, and
_________________________.
3. There are four bases that can make up a nucleotide in DNA; they are __________________,
__________________, ________________, and __________________.
4. Cytosine always pairs with _________________ and Thymine always pairs with __________________ in a
DNA molecule.
5. The Double Helix structure of DNA was discovered by ________________ and _____________.
6. The process in which a DNA molecule is copied is called _________________
Label the DNA Strand Below
7. DNA cannot leave the ____________________.
8. How are proteins assembled without the DNA leaving the nucleus?
9. RNA does not have the nitrogen base _______________. Instead Adenine pairs with ______________.
10. Every three bases make a _____________.
11. One codon makes a _________________.
12. Long chains of amino acids make __________________________.
13. Transcription: Make an amino acid chain using the following DNA strand:
DNA in Nucleus: T T T
T C T
CAT
GAC
RNA: __ __ __
__ __ __ __ __ __
__ __ __
Amino Acid Chain (Use your code wheel):
________________ _______________ _________________ ______________
Mutations and Genetic Engineering
1. __________________ changes in the DNA sequence that affect genetic information.
2. What is a point mutation?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. What is a frame shift mutation?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Label each mutation as either DELETION, INVERSION, TRANSLOCATION, or DUPLICATION
5. .__________________________- when humans change the genes of an organism to achieve a desired
result
6. Humans manipulate genes to achieve desired results in organisms. One way to do this is through selective breeding.
The two types of selective breeding are:
a. _______________________________-crossbreeding dissimilar individuals: offspring will have the best of
both Ex: donkey x horse = mule
b. _______________________________-breeding individuals with similar characteristics: maintain certain
characteristics in offspring