International Workshop on
One-dimensional Nanostructured Materials:
Properties, Devices, and NEMS
Beijing and Nanchang, China
June 24-29, 2007
Sponsored by
National Natural Science Foundation of China（NSFC）
Nanchang University
Tsinghua University
Contents
Workshop Contact Information
1
List of Plenary Lecture Speakers
2
Program
4
Abstracts of Plenary Lectures
7
Abstracts of Posters
30
Hotels’ Information
39
Campus Map of Nanchang University
40
City Map of Nanchang
41
Workshop Contact Information
Secretaries
Ms. Yacui Qin (Tina)
Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua
University
Tel: 86-10-62782426, 13810108059
Email: zheng-se@tsinghua.edu.cn
Mr. Jinsheng Cao
Institute for Advanced Study
Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
Tel: +86 791 3934411, 13870062208
Email:caojinsheng@ncu.edu.cn
Workshop Co-Chairs:
Professor Quanshui Zheng
Department of Engineering Mechanics
Tsinghua University
Beijing, China
Tel: (8610) 6377 1112
E-mail: zhengqs@tsinghua.edu.cn
Professor Guanhua Chen
Department of Chemistry
Hong Kong University
Hong Kong, China
Tel: +852-2859216
Email: ghc@yangtze.hku.hk
Professor Zhonglin Wang
School of Materials Science and Engineering
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
Tel: 001-404-894-8008
Email: zhong.wang@mse.gatech.edu
Professor Qing Jiang
Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of California
Riverside, CA 92521, USA
Tel: 001-951-827-2872
Email: qjiang@engr.ucr.edu
Local Committee:
Prof. Xide Li (Chair)
Department of Engineering Mechanics
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Tel: +86-10-62794410, 13691215275
Fax: +86-10-62781824
E-mail: lixide@tsinghua.edu.cn
Prof. Min Chen
Department of Engineering Mechanics
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Tel: +86-10-62781610, 13611190301
Fax: +86-10-62781824
E-mail: mchen@tsinghua.edu.cn
Prof. Qunqing Li
Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotech Research
Center & Department of Physics
Tsinghua University, Beijing China
Tel: +86-10-62796019
E-mail: qunqli@tsinghua.edu.cn
Prof. Lang Zhou (Chair)
Institute for Advanced Study
School of Materials Science & Engineering
Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
Tel/Fax: +86 791 3969552
E-mail: lzhou@ncu.edu.cn
Ms. Fenglan Deng
Institute for Advanced Study
Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
Tel: +86 791 3969218
Fax: +86791 3969069
E-mail: zcc@ncu.edu.cn
Professor Wennan Zou
Institute for Advanced Study
chool of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
Tel: +86 791 8305343，15970409286
E-mail: zouwn@ncu.edu.cn
1
List of Plenary Speakers
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Chen, Guanhua, University of Hong Kong, China
Dai, Hongjie, University of Stanford, USA
Endo, Morinobu, Shinshu University, Japan
Fan, Shoushan, Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center,
China
Guo, Hong, University of McGill, Canada
Jiang, Fengyi, Nanchang University, China
Jiang, Qing, University of California, Riverside, USA
Li, Xiaodong, University of South Caronila, USA
Liu, Wing Kam, Univerity of Northwestern, USA
Louie, Steven G, University of California, Berkeley, USA
Nelson, Bradley James, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
Peng, Lianmao, Peking University, China
Wang, Zhonglin, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
Xie, Sishen, Institute of Physics, CAS, China
Yakobson, Boris I, University of Rice, USA
Yang, Peidong, University of California, Berkeley, USA
Yang, Wei, Zhejiang University, China
Zheng, Quanshui, Tsinghua University, China
Zhu, Jing, Tsinghua University, China
2
Pre-conference program for plenary speakers
Sunday 24 June 2007
The pre-program includes the following activities that plenary speakers can choose:
(1) Great Wall (a whole day on June 24)
(2) Forbidden City and its surroundings (a whole day on June 24),
(3) Summer Palace (the afternoon of June 24);
(4) Nano Center and Tsinghua University campus.
Monday 25 June 2007
Registration for whole day
Qianhu Hotel, Nanchang University
3
Program
Venue for registration, breakfast, and lunch
Qianhu Hotel. Nanchang University
Venue for all plenary lectures:
Lecture Theatre in Graduate College, Nanchang University
Venue for poster session:
Center in Graduate College, Nanchang University
Tuesday 26 June 2007
Section-A Chair: Quan-shui Zheng
8:30
Welcome address
Wenbing Zhou, President, Nanchang University
8:50
From carbon nanotube arrays to continuous nanotube yarns
Shoushan Fan (Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, China)
9:30
Theory and modeling of molecular transport junctions
Hong Guo (Dept. Physics, University of McGill, Canada)
10:10
Photograph & Coffee Break
10:40
Chemistry, physics and biological aspects of carbon nanotubes
Hongjie Dai (Dept. Chemistry, University of Stanford, USA)
11:20
Transient currents through molecular devices
Guanhua Chen (Dept. Chemistry, University of HongKong, Hong Kong)
12:00
Lunch Break
Section-B Chair: Guanhua Chen
13:40
Synthesis and in situ measurement of one dimensional materials
Jing Zhu (Dept. Materials Sci. Tech., Tsinghua University, China)
14:20
Batch fabrication of NEMS
Bradley James Nelson (ETH Zürich, Switzerland)
4
15:00
In-situ fabrication, manipulation and property measurements on single
nanotubes and nanowires with near atomic resolution
Lianmao Peng (Dept. Electronic Engineering, Peking University, China)
15:40
Coffee Break
16:00
Physics of 1D nanostructures: tubes, wires, and ribbons
Steven G. Louie (Dept. Physics, University of California, Berkeley, USA)
16:40
Continuous frequency controllable nanoelectromechanical systems based
on multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Quan-shui Zheng (Dept. Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, China)
17:20
End of the Lecture Program on 26 June 2007
18:20
Dinner for all registered participants
Wednesday 27 June 2007
Section Chair: Zhonglin Wang
8:30
MD and DD simulations for low dimensional structures
Wei Yang (President Office, Zhejiang University, China)
9:10
The oscillatory characteristics of nano-fillings in carbon nanotubes
Qing Jiang (College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, USA)
9:50
Electrokinetic assembly and manipulation: experiment, modeling and
simulation
Wing Kam Liu (Dept. Mechanical Engng, University of Northwestern, USA)
10:30
Coffee Break
10:50
Stability and relaxation in nanostructures: recent examples with carbon,
silicon, and boron
Boris I. Yakobson (Dept. Chemistry, University of Rice, USA)
5
11:30
Experimental nanomechanics and nanomachining of low-dimensional
nanostructures
Xiaodong Li (Dept. Mechanical Engineering, University of South Caronila,
USA)
12:10
Lunch Break
Section Chair: Qing Jiang
13:40
Basic science and applications of carbon nanotubes
Morinobu Endo (Dept. Electronic Engineering, Shinshu University, Japan)
14:20
GaN-based blue LED on Si substrate
Fengyi Jiang (IAS, Nanchang University, China)
15:00
Nanotechnology in China (suggested by the co-chairmen)
Sishen Xie (Institute of Physics, CAS, China)
15:40
Coffee Break
16:00
Nanowire Photonics, Electronics and NEMS
Peidong Yang (Dept. Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, USA)
16:40
From nanogenerators to nano-piezotronics
Zhonglin Wang (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, USA)
17:20
End of Lectures
18:20
Banquet for all registered participants (Qianhu Hotel)
28-29 June 2007 Tour in Mountain Lu
6
Abstracts of
Plenary Lectures
7
Tuesday 08:40
From carbon nanotube arrays to continuous nanotube yarns
Shoushan Fan
Dept. of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
E-mail: fss-dmp@tsinghua.edu.cn
Based on understanding the growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes and optimizing
CVD growth parameters, we obtained superaligned arrays of carbon nanotubes in which
the CNTs are aligned parallel to one another and are held together by van der Waals
interactions to form bundles. We found carbon nanotubes can be self-assembled into a
continuous yarn simply by being drawn out from the superaligned arrays of carbon
nanotubes. This process is very similar to drawing a thread from a silk cocoon. The
creation of continuous yarns made out of carbon nanotubes would enable macroscopic
nanotube devices and structures to be constructed. Although the research related to
these nanotube yarns are just emerging in the past two years, many interesting
applications have already been demonstrated owing to their highly ordered macroscopic
structures of 1-D nanomaterials, the good electrical and thermal conductivity of the
nanotube components, and extremely facile manipulability. However, to achieve real
applications in industry, some key problems such as the yarn formation mechanism,
scale-up of the synthesis，and processing raw yarn to gain manipulability etc, have to be
solved in advance. Here we show how these tree crucial problems were tackled by our
group, including identifying the key factor for yarn formation, expanding the synthesis
to larger scale, and invention of a new method to process raw yarns. Furthermore, the
processed yarns, which are both elastic and remarkably pliable, can be freely
manipulated and shaped to any desired form, which can be retained after heat treatment.
8
Tuesday 09:20
Theory and modeling of molecular transport junctions
Hong Guo
Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
E-mail: guo@physics.mcgill.ca
Carrying out density functional theory (DFT) within the Keldysh nonequilibrium
Green's function (NEGF) formalism, it is now possible to quantitatively calculate
nonlinear and nonequilibrium charge/spin transport properties of various molecular
scale conductors without involving any phenomenological parameter. In this talk, I will
give a critical review of atomistic theory and modeling methods for quantum transport
based on NEGF-DFT and other quantum mechanical approaches. Several calculations
of molecular transport junction will be presented, including spin polarized transport in
molecular magnetic tunnel junction, graphene nano-ribbon and electron-vibron
interactions.
9
Tuesday 10:20
Chemistry, physics and biological aspects of carbon nanotubes
Hongjie Dai
Department of Chemistry, University of Stanford, USA
E-mail: hdai1@stanford.edu
This talk will present our latest research on single walled carbon nanotubes. We have
been using carbon nanotube as a model system to study interesting nanoscale problems
concerning materials synthesis, solid-state physics and devices, surface science and
nanobiotechnology. This presentation will cover our latest results in, (1) Synthesis and
assembly of nanotubes.
(2) Coherent quantum electron transport and diffusive
electron-phonon scattering phenomena in suspended nanotubes, including electrical
driven electroluminescence. (3) Gas phase hydrogenation and hydrocarbonation of
nanotubes for metallic nanotube removal, and (4) interfacing carbon nanotubes with
living cells and small animals, and the potential of nanotubes as a novel class of
material for biological and medical applications.
10
Tuesday 11:00
Transient currents through molecular devices
Guanhua Chen
Department of Chemistry, University of HongKong, Hong Kong
E-mail: ghc@everest.hku.hk
With our proof of the holographic electron density theorem for time-dependent systems,
a first-principles method for any open electronic system is established. By introducing
the self-energy density functionals for the dissipative interactions between the reduced
system and its environment, we develop a time-dependent density-functional theory
formalism based on an equation of motion for the Kohn-Sham reduced single-electron
density matrix of the reduced system. Two approximate schemes are proposed for the
self-energy density functionals, the complete second order approximation and the
wide-band limit approximation. A numerical method based on the wide-band limit
approximation is subsequently developed and implemented to simulate the steady and
transient current through various realistic molecular devices. Simulation results are
presented and discussed.
11
Tuesday 13:40
Synthesis and In Situ Measurement of One Dimensional Materials
Jing Zhu*, XH Liu, Yu Shi, Jun Luo, CQ Chen and YJ Yan
Beijing National Center for Electron Microscopy
Dept. of Material Science and Engineering
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R.China
* E-mail: jzhu@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
The research on synthesis and in situ measurement of one dimensional materials that we
have been doing is reported in this work. The main topic includes:
(1) The mechanical properties of ZnO single crystal nanowire with <0001> axial
direction are in situ measured by self-made nano-manipulators attached in a
scanning electron microscope. Both the electric-field-induced resonance experiment
and the tensile testing of an individual nanowire are carried out, and some
interesting results will be shown.
(2) The electric property of Ag single crystal, with 4H and FCC structure, nanowire
ranging 20-80 nm in diameter is in situ measured by employing a scanning
tunneling microscope (STM) inside the transmission electron microscopes (TEMs).
Current-voltage (I-V) curves of an individual NW can be obtained.
(3) A kind of one-dimensional heterojunction array has been fabricated and
characterized. Every heterojunction in the array comprises a Ni nanowire, a
multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and an amorphous carbon nanotube
(a-CNT). The three components are in an end-to-end configuration, and form two
contacts to the MWCNT. The interfacial structures of the two contacts show that
multiple outmost walls in the MWCNT are simultaneously contacted well by the Ni
nanowire and the a-CNT, and can simultaneously participate in electrical transport.
With investigations on the electrical transport properties of the heterojunctions, the
two contacts to the MWCNT in every heterojunction are found to be two diodes
connected in series face-to-face, of which at least one diode shows characteristic of
nearly ideal Schottky diode and obeys the thermionic emission theory with only the
image force lowering the Schottky barrier.
12
Tuesday 14:20
Batch Fabrication of NEMS
Bradley Nelson
ETH Zürich, Switzerland
E-mail: bradley.nelson@iris.mavt.ethz.ch
Relative displacements between the atomically smooth, nested shells in multiwalled
carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) can be used as a robust nanoscale motion enabling
mechanism. This talk presents a novel method suited for structuring arrays of MWNTs
into such nano-bearings in a massively parallel fashion. By creating MWNT
nanostructures with nearly identical electrical circuit resistance and heat transport
conditions, uniform joule heating across the array is used to simultaneously engineer the
shell geometry via electric breakdown. The biasing approach employed optimizes
process metrics such as yield and cycle-time. We also present the parallel and piecewise
shell engineering at different segments of a single nanotube to construct multiple but,
independent high density bearings, switches, and transistors. We anticipate this method
for constructing electromechanical building blocks to be a fundamental unit process for
manufacturing future nanoelectromechanical systems with sophisticated architectures
and to drive several nanoscale transduction applications such as GHz-oscillators,
shuttles, memories, syringes and actuators.
13
Tuesday 15:00
In-situ fabrication, manipulation and property measurements on
single nanotubes and nanowires with near atomic resolution
Lian-Mao Peng
Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of
Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
E-mail: lmpeng@pku.edu.cn
Nanoscale probes have been introduced into electron microscopes and providing vast
amount of spatially resolved information on, to name a few, the local electronic
structure, mechanical and transport properties of nanotubes and nanowires. In-situ
electron field-emission experiments carried out inside the TEM revealed that the
field-emission parameters, e.g. the threshold voltage and the field conversion factor,
depend in general both on the tip-CNT distance and on the shape of both the tip and the
CNTs. CNT have also been shaped into multi-bend or continuously curved
morphologies, and interconnections been fabricated in situ inside the electron
microscope.The shaped CNTs and fabricated interconnections were found to have
excellent mechanical strength and electric conductivity that is as good as un-deformed
CNT, suggesting a wider range of applications beyond simple straight CNTs. A
two-terminal measurement method and a quantitative model have been developed for
analyzing I-V curves obtained from semiconducting nanowires over a wide range of
bias, providing such parameters as the carrier mobility, density, the nanowire resistivity
and the heights of the Schottky barriers formed between the semiconducting nanowires
and metal electrodes.
14
Tuesday 16:00
Physics of 1D nanostructures: tubes, wires, and ribbons
Steven G. Louie
Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, and
Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley,
California 94720, USA
E-mail: sglouie@berkeley.edu
The restricted geometry and symmetry of nanostructures often give rise to novel
properties that are also potentially useful in applications.
In this presentation, I discuss
some recent progress on using theory and computation to understand and predict some
of the electronic, transport, optical, and mechanical properties of 1D nanostructures.
Examples of systems of interest include carbon and BN nanotubes, Si nanowires, and
graphene nanoribbons.
These nanostructures exhibit a number of unexpected
behaviors -- novel conductance characteristics, extraordinarily large excitonic effects,
strange friction forces, and a field-induced half-metallic state for the zigzag graphene
nanoribbons, among others. The physical mechanisms behind these unusual behaviors
are examined.
15
Tuesday 16:40
Continuous frequency controllable nanoelectromechanical
systems based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Quan-shui Zheng1,2,3*, Zhiping Xu1, Tuck Wah NG2, Adrian Neild2
1
Dept. of Engineerng Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
3
Institute of Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
* E-mail: zhengqs@tsinghua.edu.cn
We demonstrate a class of carbon nanotube based nanoelectromechanical systems
(NEMS) that is operable at continuously controllable frequencies up to the gigahertz
range. Its additional attributes include extra low rates of thermal dissipation and air
damping. One example of such a device is an armchair-zigzag tube (7,7)@(21,0) that
has its inner shell coaxially oscillating inside the outer shell with extrusions shorter than
(2a). This sample NEMS, when fuelled by a time-dependent electric field, results in an
almost constant oscillating amplitude with high quality factor (104 in order), whilst
operating at continuously tunable frequencies via simple adjustment of the electric field
oscillation rate. In contrast, gigahertz oscillators developed so far have much higher air
and thermal damping[1-3], poorly controllable frequencies, as well as hardly measurable
oscillating amplitudes. High air damping, for instance, is a key impediment to the
ongoing miniaturization progress from micro- to nano-electromechanical systems.
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
Q.-S. Zheng and Q. Jiang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 045503 (2002).
Y. Zhao et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 175504 (2003).
J. Servantie and P. Gaspard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 185503 (2003)
P. Tangney, S. G. Louie and M. L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 065503 (2004).
Z.-P. Xu, Q.-S. Zheng, G.-H. Chen, Phys. Rev. B (in press)
Xue Ming, et al., Nature 421, 496 (2003)
M. Biencowe, Science 304, 74 (2004)
H. Jiang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 185501 (2004)
16
Wednesday 08:40
MD and DD Simulations for low dimensional structures
Wei Yang1,2* and Xiaoyan Li2
1
2
President Office, Zhejiang University, China
Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, China
*E-mail: yw-dem@tsinghua.edu.cn
17
Wednesday 09:20
The oscillatory characteristics of nano-fillings in carbon
nanotubes
Qing Jiang
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA
92506
E-mail: jiang@ucr.edu
Since the proposal that the inter-wall translational oscillation of multi-walled carbon
nanotubes (CNTs) may be utilized to design mechanical oscillators of frequencies in the
gigahertz (GHz) range, there have been much interest and many investigations [4-45] of
the CNT-oscillators. Much of this interest is because nano-electro-mechanical-system
(NEMS) of ultra-high frequencies have long been sought for a range of envisioned
novel applications, including mechanical devices for high-frequency signal processing,
sensitive mechanical charge detectors, and quantum measurements. This presentation
discusses the oscillatory characteristics of two model systems, i.e., a section of CNT
filled with two C60 -- the 2C60@CNT oscillator system and a section of CNT filled with
two cobalt clusters – the 2Co@CNT oscillator system. Using molecular dymanics (MD)
simulations, we have studied the two basic oscillation modes of these systems: the
symmetric mode and the non-symmetric mode. For each of these systems, the
non-symmetric oscillation mode, in which the two nano-fillings always move towards
the same direction, was found to be stable over a wide range of initial energy. However,
the symmetric oscillation mode, in which the two nano-fillings move towards or away
from each other, bouncing off each other in every oscillation cycle, is stable only when
the initial kinetic energies are lower than a comparatively small threshold value. The
instability is found to take place through transferring energy from the translational
motion to the rotational motion of the nano-fillings, due to the fact that the impact of the
inter-filling collisions can be slightly off-center causing the clusters to roll and rock. The
rocking motion serves as the channel for the energy transfer. The rocking motion can be
18
retarded and may even be eliminated by reducing the hosting CNT diameter. But a
smaller hosting CNT does not always lead to more stable translational oscillation. There
apparently exists an optimal CNT for a given size of nano-fillings for stabilizing the
translational oscillation. A hosting CNT that is too much smaller than optimum causes
severe inter-atomic interactions, which lead to losses of energy from the ordered
translational motion of nano-fillings to disordered thermal motions of the atoms.
Acknowledgement: The work resulted from collaborations with several groups headed,
respectively, by Q.S. Zheng of the Tsinghua University, G.H. Chen of the Hong Kong
University, H. Xin of the University of Arizona, and J.N. Leonard of the Raytheon
Missile Systems.
19
Wednesday 10:20
Electrokinetic assembly and manipulation: experiment, modeling
and simulation
Wing Kam Liu1, Jae-Hyun Chung2, and Yaling Liu3
1
: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
2
: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
3
: Department of Mechanical Eng., University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX
E-mail: w-liu@northwestern.edu
A variety of methods have been proposed to assemble nanowires on a substrate. Among
the methods, electric field has been frequently used to orient, attract, and assemble
nanowires. When an AC electric field is applied in a medium including nanowires, an
electric dipole is induced on the nanowires to generate dipole moment.
Dielectrophoresis induced by the dipole moment attracted and oriented nanowires to the
electrodes[1]. The usage of a composite field was successfully demonstrated to have the
capability of taking advantage of both AC and DC fields[2]. In addition, electric field
induced methods showed a great potential in one dimensional assembly of nanotubes [3,
4]. The manufacturing process, production rate, and yield, however, should be improved
to develop a reliable assembly method. The underlying physics need to be investigated
to pave the way to large scale manufacturing using electric fields.
In this lecture, the assembly process of nanowires using an electric field is
demonstrated by experiments, and modeling and simulation. A long range transport and
alignment of nanowires by fluid flow is discussed with a short range assembly and
orientation by dielectrophoresis. When nanowires are assembled to electrodes, surface
tension induced force affects the final assembly pattern, which is a few orders of
magnitudes larger than the flow and electric field induced forces. After the assembly
process is completed, the molecular interaction between the nanowire-nanowire and
nanowire-electrode surface is highly critical for the proper functioning of the assembled
nanowires. A series of assembly procedures is investigated by a multiscale approach that
is enabled by the recently developed Immersed Electrokinetic Finite Element Method
20
[5-8]. The challenges and opportunities of the assembly are also presented with
applications including sensors, actuators, and nanostructured materials.
[1] K. Yamamoto, S. Akita, and Y. Nakayama, "Orientation and purification of carbon
nanotubes using ac electrophoresis," Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics, vol. 31,
pp. L34-L36, Apr 1998.
[2] J. Y. Chung, K. H. Lee, J. H. Lee, and R. S. Ruoff, "Toward large-scale integration
of carbon nanotubes," Langmuir, vol. 20, pp. 3011-3017, Apr 2004.
[3] J. Tang, G. Yang, Q. Zhang, A. Parhat, B. Maynor, J. Liu, L. C. Qin, and O. Zhou,
"Rapid and reproducible fabrication of carbon nanotube AFM probes by
dielectrophoresis," Nano Letters, vol. 5, pp. 11-14, Jan 2005.
[4] R. Annamalai, J. D. West, A. Luscher, and V. V. Subramaniam, "Electrophoretic
drawing of continuous fibers of single-walled carbon nanotubes," Journal of
Applied Physics, vol. 98, Dec 2005.
[5] W. K. Liu, D. W. Kim, and S. Q. Tang, "Mathematical foundations of the immersed
finite element method," Computational Mechanics, vol. 39, pp. 211-222, Feb 2007.
[6] Y. L. Liu, "Integrated Simulation Tools for Fluid-Structure Interactions in
Bio-Nano Systems," in Mechanical Engineering. vol. Ph.D. Evanston:
Northwestern University, 2006.
[7] Y. L. Liu, J. H. Chung, W. K. Liu, and R. S. Ruoff, "Dielectrophoretic assembly of
nanowires," Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 110, pp. 14098-14106, Jul 2006.
[8] Y. L. Liu, W. K. Liu, T. Belytschko, N. A. Patankar, A. C. To, A. Kopacz, and J. H.
Chung, "Immersed Electrokinetic Finite Element Method," International Journal
for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol. In press, 2007.
21
Wednesday 11:00
Stability and relaxation in nanostructures: recent examples with
carbon, silicon, and boron
Boris I. Yakobson
Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science,
Department of Chemistry, Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology,
Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
E-mail: biy@rice.edu
Science and engineering of nanoscale structures blend the notions and intuition of mechanical
engineering with the fundamentally different aspects of solid state physics and quantum
chemistry [1]. Through our studies of nano-tubes and wires, we have encountered the situations
when such interpenetration can be very useful, but can also be misleading. I will discuss the
stability and structure of nearly 1-dimensional wires of silicon and metals, to contrast their
makeup to the “no-surface” structure of the carbon nanotubes. The atomistic relaxation paths in
the nanotubes are sensitive to the temporal and thermal conditions: the single bond rotations or
the brittle unzipping through a series
of lattice-trapped states. Combination of
quantum-chemistry computations with the probabilistic approach of transition state theory
allows one to compare the different channels of relaxation and to determine the strength as a
function of time, symmetry, and temperature [2]. Predictions and recent discoveries of
superplasticity and coalescence/welding will also be considered in atomistic detail, with
particular emphasis of self-repair mechanism, permitting the nanotubes to retain perfection
even at harsh conditions [3]. Finally, I will present a structure which emerged as a spin-off of
our quest for energy-storage nanocages—the boron backyball B80 [4], whose stability stands
out among all other boron clusters, while it also bears striking resemblance to the Fuller’s
domes. Either this prediction can lead to a branch of boron-fullerene materials is yet to be
explored.
[1] Yakobson and Smalley, American Scientist 85, 324-337, (1997).
[2] Dumitrica et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 103, 6105-6109 (2006).
[3] Ding et al. Nano Lett. 7, 681 (2007); Ding et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 075503 (2007).
[4] Gonzalez, Sadrzadeh, and Yakobson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 166804 (2007).
22
Wednesday 11:40
Experimental nanomechanics and nanomachining of
low-dimensional nanostructures
Xiaodong Li
Department of Mechanical Engineering and University NanoCenter
University of South Carolina, 300 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208
E-mail: lixiao@engr.sc.edu
We have extended applications of traditional nanoindentation and atomic force
microscopy (AFM) approaches to zero- and one-dimensional nanostructures for directly
measuring their mechanical properties. Hardness and elastic modulus of Cu2O nanocubes
[1], silver nanowires [2], gold nanowires [3], ZnS nanobelts [4], and ZnO nanobelts [5]
were measured by directly indenting them with a nanoindenter. Nanoscale deformation
behavior and fracture mechanisms were studied by post in-situ imaging of the indents [6].
Mechanical properties of SiO2 nanowires [7], GaN nanowires [8], ZnO nanobelts [5] were
obtained by directly bending individual suspended wires using an AFM tip. In addition,
we have developed novel nanomechanical machining methodologies and tools that are
able to perform operations such as indenting, cutting, milling, shaping, forging, and
polishing to realize functional nanostructures and nanodevices [3,9]. The nanoindenter
and AFM have been successfully used to directly machine individual nanoparticles,
nanowires and nanobelts without applications of conventional lithography.
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
X. D. Li, et al., Nano Letters, 4 (2004) 1903-1907.
X. D. Li, et al., Nano Letters, 3 (2003) 1495-1498.
X. D. Li, et al., J. Micromechanics and Microengineering, 15 (2005) 551-556.
X. D. Li, et al., Nano Letters, 5 (2005) 1982-1986.
H. Ni and X. D. Li, Nanotechnology, 17 (2006) 3591-3597.
Z. H. Xu and X. D. Li, Acta Materialia, 54 (2006) 1699-1703.
H. Ni, X. D. Li, and H. S. Gao, Applied Physics Letters, 88 (2006) 043108.
H. Ni, et al., Journal of Materials Research, 21 (2006) 2882-2884.
X. D. Li, et al., Applied Physics Letters, 87 (2005) 233113.
23
Wednesday 13:40
Basic science and applications of carbon nanotubes
Morinobu Endo
Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu Univeristy, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano-shi 380-8553,
Japan
E-mail: endo@endomoribu.shinshu-u.ac.jp
The small but interesting one-dimensional carbon nanotubes consisting of rolled
graphene layer built from sp2 units have attracted the imagination of scientists as
one-dimensional macromolecules. Their unusual physical and chemical properties make
them useful in the fabrication of nanocomposite, nano-electronic device and sensor etc.
Through judicious selection of transient metal, support materials and synthetic
conditions (temperature, duration), we are able to synthesize different types of carbon
nanotubes such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), double-walled carbon
nanotubes (DWNTs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) selectively [1-3]. In
this talk, I will review the catalytic synthesis of various carbon nanotubes and their
practical applications from the industrial point of view. Among the recent applications
of carbon nanotubes, their high potential toward nanocomposites as multi-functional
filler (e.g., hybrid nanocomposite) and their bio-medical applications (e.g.,
micro-catheter) [4] will be discussed with a strong emphasis on the recent hot issue
“biological responses of carbon nanotubes”. We envisage that carbon nanotubes will
play an important role in the development of nano-technology in the near-future.
Reference
[1] A. Oberlin, M. Endo, T. Koyama, J. Crys. Grow, 32, 335-349 (1976).
[2] M. Endo, Chem. Tech. 568-576 (1988).
[3] M. Endo et al., Nature 433, 476 (2005).
[4] M. Endo et al., Nano Lett. 5, 101-106 (2005).
24
Wednesday 14:20
GaN-based blue LED on Si substrate
Fengyi Jiang
IAS, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P.R. China
E-mail: jiangfy@ncu.edu.cn
Blue LED with InGaN/GaN MQWs structure were grown on Si(111) substrates using
low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition system. The epilayers were
successfully bonded and transferred onto new substrate, and the vertical structure GaN
blue LEDs were fabricated. Some characteristics of the LEDs such as the junction
temperature, ideality factor factor, stress, ESD and the lift time will be reported .
25
Wednesday 15:00
Nanotechnology Research in China
Sishen Xie
Institute of Physics, CAS, China
E-mail: ssxie@aphy.iphy.ac.cn
26
Wednesday 16:00
Nanowire photonics, electronics and NEMS
Peidong Yang
Department of Chemistry
University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
E-mail: p_yang@uclink.berkeley.edu
Nanowires are of both fundamental and technological interest. They represent the
critical components in the potential nanoscale electronic and photonic device
applications. In this talk, I will provide an overview of our recent efforts on probing
novel properties of this class of novel materials, including lasing, subwavelength
waveguiding, non-linear optical mixing, giant piezoresistance effect and very high
frequency resonators.
27
Wednesday 16:40
From nanogenerators to nano-piezotronics
Zhong Lin Wang
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology,
Atlanta USA
E-mail: zhong.wang@mse.gatech.edu
Developing novel technologies for wireless nanodevices and nanosystems are of critical
importance for in-situ, real-time and implantable biosensing, biomedical monitoring and
biodetection. It is highly desired for wireless devices and even required for implanted
biomedical devices to be self-powered without using battery. Therefore, it is essential to
explore innovative nanotechnologies for converting mechanical energy (such as body
movement, muscle stretching), vibration energy (such as acoustic/ultrasonic wave), and
hydraulic energy (such as body fluid and blood flow) into electric energy that will be
used to power nanodevices without using battery. We have demonstrated an innovative
approach for converting nano-scale mechanical energy into electric energy by
piezoelectric zinc oxide nanowire (NW) arrays [1-3]. We have recently developed DC
nanogenerator driven by ultrasonic wave [4], which is a gigantic step towards
application in practice.
The operation mechanism of the electric generator relies on the unique coupling of
piezoelectric and semiconducting dual properties of ZnO as well as the elegant
rectifying function of the Schottky barrier formed between the metal tip and the NW.
Based on this principle, piezoelectric-field effect transistor [5], piezoelectric gated diode
[6], sensors and resonators have been fabricated, which are the fundamental components
of nano-piezotronics. Piezotronics is a field of using piezoelectric-semiconducting
coupled property for fabricating novel and unique electronic devices and components
[7].
28
[1] Z.L. Wang and J.H. Song
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
“Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Based on Zinc Oxide
Nanowire Arrays”, Science, 312 (2006) 242-246.
P.X. Gao, J.H. Song, J. Liu and Z.L. Wang “Nanowire Nanogenerators on Plastic
Substrates as Flexible Power Source”, Adv. Mater., 19 (2007) 67-72.
J.H. Song, J. Zhou, Z.L. Wang ”Piezoelectric and semiconducting dual-property
coupled power generating process of a single ZnO belt/wire – a technology for
harvesting electricity from the environment”, Nano Letters, 6 (2006) 1656-1662.
X.D. Wang, J.H. Song J. Liu, and Z.L. Wang “Direct current nanogenerator driven
by ultrasonic wave”, Science, 316 (2007) 102-105.
X.D. Wang, J. Zhou, J.H. Song J. Liu, N.S. Xu and Z.L. Wang “Piezoelectric-Field
Effect Transistor and Nano-Force-Sensor Based on a Single ZnO Nanowire”, Nano
Letters, 6 (2006) 2768-2772.
J. H. He, C.H. Hsin, L.J. Chen, Z.L. Wang ”Piezoelectric Gated Diode of a Single
ZnO Nanowire”, Adv. Mater., 19 (2007) 781.
Z.L. Wang “Nano-piezotronics”, Adv. Mater., 19 (2007) 889.
29
Abstract of
Posters
30
Doping dependent electrical characteristics of SnO2 nanowires
Qing Wan*, Jin Huang, Taihong Wang
Micro-Nano Technologies Research Center, Hunan University, Changsha 410082,
People’s Republic of China.
Email of corresponding author: wanqing76@hnu.cn
Doping, the intentional introduction of impurities into a material, is fundamental to
controlling the properties of bulk semiconductors, and is widely expected to play
important role as well in control of electrical transport properties in nanostructures.
However, intentional introduction of impurities into semiconductor nanostructures is a
difficult and poorly understood process as a result of both fundamental synthetic issues
and self-purification process. In this communication, electrical modulation of individual
SnO2 nanowire by Sb doing are investigated. Undoped SnO2 nanowire shows Schottky
contact to Ti/Au electrodes because of very low oxygen vacancies, as well as the
electron depletion due to the surface absorption of oxygen molecules. Schottky type
SnO2 nanowire ultra-violet (UV) photodetector shows an extremely high external
quantum efficiency of 3000. Lightly Sb-doped SnO2 nanowire field-effect transistor
(FET) shows improved performance with an effect electron mobility of ~361 cm 2/V.s, a
subthreshold voltage swing of 0.17 V/decade and an on/off ratio of 1x105. Degenerately
Sb-doped SnO2 nanowires show metallic conduction behaviors with reisitivities as low
as 5.8×10-4 Ω.cm and high failure-current densities as high as 1.95×107 A/cm2.
Key Words: nanowire photodetectors; in-situ doping; degenerate doping; metallic
nanowires.
31
Synthesis silicon carbide nanowires by annealing milled Si,C
powders
Kang pengchao, Wu gaohui, Su jun
Materials Science and Engineering School, P.O.B. 433, Harbin Institute of Technology,
Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
a
kpc1229@hotmail.com, b wugh@hit.edu.cn, c sujun4079@163.com
SiC nanowire has been synthesized using a simple but effective approach. The templates
and catalyst were not used in this process. High purity cubic β-SiC nanowire of uniform
diameters ranged from 10 nm to 50nm were obtained by annealing the high energy
milled Si and C powder at 900℃ to 1200℃. TEM shows that the SiC nanowire were
covered by SiO2, and some stacking fault were existed in the SiC nanowires
Keywords: Nanowire, SiC, high energy milling, annealing.
32
Synthesis and Characterization of AlxGa1-xN Nanowires
Xizhang WANG*, Zheng HU*, Qiang WU, Yi CHEN
Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
wangxzh@nju.edu.cn; zhenghu@nju.edu.cn
Owing to the successful application in electronic and optoelectronic devices in the past
years, III-group nitrides, especially their nanostructures, have attracted extensive
attention and are regarded as one of the most promising semiconductor.1,2 To date,
among the nanostructures of binary systems are the main pursuit of objects. On the
other hand, their alloys have the changeable direct band gap and are uniquely suited for
fabricating opto-electronic devices in the ultraviolet and visible bands of the spectrum.1
However, to our knowledge, studies of AlxGa1-xN alloy nanostructures are focused on
zero-dimensional particles and two-dimensional films.3,4 Here, we reported the
fabrication of hexagonal-AlxGa1-xN alloy nanowires and their arrays through a simple
thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO)
templates in the temperature range of 850 ℃ and 1050 ℃. X-ray diffraction results, as
110
AAO
AAO
102
GaN
101
100
002
c
b
Intensity (a.u.)
a
AAO
shown in Figure 1c, revealed that the nanowires had a wurtzite structure and their
Sample-1
Sample-2
AlN
GaN
30
40
50

60
70

Figure 1 SEM images and XRD patterns of as-synthesized samples
(a) Sample-1. (b) Sample-2. (c) Corresponding XRD patterns
diffraction peaks were situated between those of GaN and AlN. This indicated that
AlxGa1-xN ternary nanowires were not the mechanical mixture of AlN and GaN. And
electron microscopy (EM) analyses (Figure 1a and 1b) displayed that the diameters of
those nanowires could be regulated in the range of 20nm and 80nm, which were
consistent with the pore sizes of AAO templates. The analyses of energy dispersive
X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) indicated that the molar ratio of Al and Ga in the nanowires
33
could be controlled efficiently by regulating the growth conditions, e.g., component of
precursors, growth temperature, the introducing temperature and flow rate of the
mixture gas of nitrogen and ammonia. The optical properties have been characterized by
FT-infrared spectrum and micro-Raman scattering techniques. The growth mechanism
of crystalline AlxGa1-xN nanowires was also discussed.
References
[1] S. Nakamura, Science 281, 956 (1998)
[2] R. F. Service, Science 271, 920 (1996).
[3] Y. G. Cao, X. L. Chen, Y. C. Lan, J. Y. Li, Y. Zhang, Z. Yang, J. K. Liang, Appl.
Phys. A 72, 125 (2001).
[4] M. S. Liu, Y. Z. Tong, L. A. Bursill, S. Prawer, K. W. Nugent, G. Y. Zhang Solid
State Commun. 108, 765 (1998).
34
Direct and large-area growth of one-dimensional ZnO
nanostructures from and on a brass substrate
Kaifu Huo, Yemin Hu, Zheng Hu*
Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093
* zhenghu@nju.edu.cn
A convenient method for the direct and large-area growth of one-dimensional (1-D)
ZnO nanostructures on a conductive brass substrate has been developed, consisting of
thermal oxidation of a Cu0.66Zn0.34 alloy foil in the presence of oxygen. Various 1-D
nanostructures such as nanowires, nanobelts, nanocombs, and nanosheets have been in
situ grown on the brass substrate under different reaction temperatures and
characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy. In this preparation, the Cu0.66Zn0.34 alloy foil functions as
both Zn source and substrate for the growth of 1-D ZnO nanostructures; thus, the
synthesis and assembly of ZnO nanostructures on a metallic substrate is accomplished
in one step, and the naturally good adhesion or electrical connection between the ZnO
nanostructures and the conductive substrate has been realized. This approach could
prepare ZnO nanostructures on a brass substrate without size limitations. Such a
configuration of product is a good field emitter as demonstrated in this study. The
potential technological importance of the product, the simplicity of the preparation
procedure, as well as the cheap commercial precursor of the Cu0.66Zn0.34 alloy foil
makes this study both scientifically and technologically interesting.
Reference
[1]
K. F. Huo, Y. M. Hu, J. J. Fu, X. B. Wang, P. K. Chu, Z. Hu, Y. Chen, J. Phys.
Chem. C 2007, 111, 5876-5881.
35
Six-Membered-Ring-Based Growth of Carbon Nanotubes
Yajun Tian, Yong Yang, Xizhang Wang, Qiang Wu, Zheng Hu*
Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093
* Zhenghu@nju.edu.cn
Since its discovery in 1991, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted more and more
attention due to the unique tubular nanostructures, superior properties and potential
applications. Many progresses have been achieved on the synthesis, properties and
applications of CNTs. However, the growth mechanism of CNTs is still a challenge. As
we know, the growth mechanism is not only scientifically interesting but also rather
useful for possible controllable synthesis. Although some valuable growth models have
been speculated, it is still a long-standing and controversial issue and little has been
learned about the chemistry involved.
Based on the experimental results, we made a speculation on the growth mechanism
of CNTs using benzene as precursor. At first, benzene was adsorbed on catalyst surface
to form a shell of benzene before reaction. Under a certain temperature, the catalyst was
activated and the C-H bond of the benzene molecules was selectively dissociated and
hydrogen was released. Meanwhile, the dehydrogenated hexagonal rings of carbon
(h-C6) directly aggregated to form the graphene sheets on the catalyst surface, and then
CNTs were developed through sequential incorporation of the h-C6 into the graphene
layers through surface diffusion. An in situ thermal analysis-mass spectroscopy (TA-MS)
technique was used to study the dynamical process for CNTs synthesis and the results
indicate that the growth mechanism is quite similar to our speculation.1
The six-membered-ring-based growth mechanism could be extended to other
precursor. Recently, N-doped CNTs were synthesized using pyridine as precursor.2 A
synergism mechanism of C5N-six-membered-ring-based growth through surface
diffusion and vapor-liquid-solid growth through bulk diffusion was accordingly deduced
and schematically presented.
[1]
Y. J. Tian, Z. Hu, Y. Yang, X. Z. Wang, X. Chen, H. Xu, Q. Wu, W. J. Ji, Y. Chen,
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 1180-1183
[2] H. Chen, Y. Yang, Z. Hu, K.F. Huo, Y.W. Ma, Y. Chen, X. S. Wang, Y. N. Lu, J.
Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 16422-16427
36
Synthesis and Characterization of Aluminum Nitride
One-dimensional Nanostructures
Qiang Wu,* Xizhang Wang, Xin Chen, Chun Liu, Zheng Hu*
Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093
* wqchem@nju.edu.cn, zhenghu@nju.edu.cn
The research progress on carbon nanotubes stimulated us to explore the nanotubular
structures of other compounds. To date, dozens of different nanotubes have been
discovered, and most of them are restricted to the layered compounds. A common
viewpoint was once popular: “Layered compounds are necessary for the formation of
nanotubes structures”, “nanotubes of 3-D compounds cannot form a perfectly crystalline
structure”.1,2
By nitriding the aluminum powder, faceted AlN nanotubes have been obtained,3
which have the hexagonal cross sections. This experimental result indicates that the
non-layered compounds also can form single crystalline nanotubes. The discovery of
faceted AlN nanotubes extends the nanotubes from layered compounds to the
non-layered ones, and reveals the relationship between the cross section of nanotubes
and the crystalline structure of the raw materials. Theoretical studies on 1D AlN
nanostructures have been performed by calculating the strain energy of faceted
nanotubes, nanowires and single-walled nanotubes, which revealed that the faceted
nanotubes have the highest stability.4
By changing the nitridation conditions, AlN nanowire and their arrays are
synthesized,5,6 which have the comparable field emission properties, relative to carbon
nanotubes. AlN nanocones have also been obtained through the low temperature
catalytic growth via the chemical reaction between AlCl3 and ammonia. The cone-like
morphologies of AlN nanocones,7 combining with the very small, even negative
electron affinity and high stability of AlN material, are expected to have good field
emission properties. The measurement revealed that these AlN nanostructures have
37
excellent field emission property and may have potential applications in the planar
displays.
Reference
[1] W. Tremel, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2175.
[2] R. Tenne, Colloids and Surfaces A 2002, 208, 83.
[3] Q. Wu, Z. Hu, X. Z. Wang, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 10176.
[4] X. Chen, J. Ma, Z. Hu, Q. Wu, Y. Chen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 7982.
[5] Q. Wu, Z. Hu, X. Z. Wang, et al., J. Mater. Chem. 2003, 13, 2024.
[6] Q. Wu, Z. Hu, X. Z. Wang, Y. M. Hu, Y.J. Tian, Y. Chen, Diam. Relat. Mater. 2004,
13, 38.
[7] C. Liu, Z. Hu, Q. Wu, X.Z. Wang, Y. Chen, H. Sang, J.M. Zhu, S.Z. Deng, N.S.
Xu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 1318.
38
Hotels’ Information
In Beijing
Hotel name: UNIS-center
UNIS-center is beside the east entrance of Tsinghua University. The map is below.
Address: No.1，East Road of ZhongGuanCun，HaiDian District, Beijing
Tel: 86-10-62791888
http://www.uniscenter.com/
In Nanchang
Hotel name: Qianhu Hotel
Qianhu Hotel is a four star hotel in the Qianhu part of Nanchang University,
Address: Qianhu Hotel, No.999, Xuefu Street, Hong Gu Tan district, Nanchang.
Tel: 86-791-3969999
39
Campus Map of Nanchang University
40
Introduction of Nanchang University
Nanchang University was established in 1940 in the name of its original predecessor ─
Zhongzheng University. In the following years, the name was changed several times and its present
name Nanchang University was adopted in 1993 when the top two universities of Jiangxi Province
Jiangxi University and Jiangxi Polytechnic University merged to make up the backbone of
Nanchang University.
NCU entered a new era of development when it merged with Jiangxi Medical College in August
2005 making it a comprehensive university, offering undergraduate and graduate courses
encompassing virtually all academic disciplines.
NCU has a graduate school and 21 schools including Liberal Arts, Foreign Language Studies, Art
and Design, Law, Economics and Management, the Sciences, Life Science, Material Science and
Engineering, Environmental Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Architectural
Engineering, Computer Engineering, Education, Medicine, and Software. These schools offer 82
undergraduate majors out of 11 academic disciplines including the liberal art, history, philosophy,
economics, management, law, science, engineering, agriculture, education, fundamental medicine,
public health，pharmacy, nursing and 4 clinical schools. These undergraduate programs have a total
enrollment of 36,000 full time students.
Although all of the schools offer their own graduate programs, these programs belong to a single
graduate school administratively. The NCU Graduate School offers a total of 21 Ph.D. programs and
175 master degree programs with a graduate student body of about 6800. In addition, NCU has two
post-doctoral programs.
NCU emphasizes the importance of research. In addition to research labs and centers owned by
individual schools, NCU owns and operates 26 national and provincial key laboratories and research
centers and 56 basic training centers and professional labs.
NCU has a large-scale medical school. Not only does the medical school have a strong research
41
orientation, it also has ten attached hospitals located throughout the province. These hospitals
adequately accommodate the needs for teaching and internships for students of medicine.
NCU is composed of three campuses. Its main campus is located in Nanchang city, the capital city
of Jiangxi Province. Its huge campus occupies an area of 300 hectares which is home to all of our
undergraduate students, most graduate students, most research institutes and labs, and most of our
faculty and staff.
NCU has a dedicated and highly professional teaching staff of 2337, 52% of whom are professors
and associate professors. Five of them are members of the distinguished Chinese Academy of
Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering. A number of them have received awards for
their excellence in teaching and research from various government agencies ranging from the
Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Public Health and the Jiangxi Provincial Government.
NCU has a comprehensive library network. Its library has a collection of 2.65 million books and
1338 kinds of periodicals including foreign language journals and magazines. Out of our collection,
there is a collection of 61,400 rare books and 93,000 books in foreign languages. Our library also has
over a million e-books and 34 subscribed databases and on-line libraries including EI, INSPEC,
ISTP, SCI, AIP/APS, ELSEVIER, and PQDD, among others. With the abundance of e-books,
subscribed online libraries, multi-media CDs and interactive videos and teaching materials, NCU
students and teachers have a wide variety of resources to suit their individual needs for study and
research.
To enhance the hands-on experience of our students, NCU has 9 large-scale multi-purpose labs for
practical training. Their areas include electronics, physics, biology, computing, networking,
chemistry, engineering, mechanics, and linguistics. NCU also has 47 professional research labs and
216 internship bases. To further facilitate research, NCU invested in a science and technology park
which is now an incubator of 108 enterprises and research institutions on the premises. In 2004, this
park was recognized as one of the “National Science and Technology Park by Universities”. NCU
has also found a partner in the nation's second largest communication equipment maker ZTE. In
2005, ZTE Software Ltd was established which is a joint-venture between NCU and ZTE. This year,
NCU and Xinta Technologies Group of Singapore started a Food and Drug Technology Park
dedicated to research and development.
NCU places great emphasis on international exchange and cooperation. It has established steady
exchange programs with more than 30 universities and institutions from over 20 countries
worldwide. The Confucius Institute in France, for instance, is a cooperative venture between
Nanchang University and University of Kuwaiti of France. It was the first Confucius Institute in
Europe. Nanchang University has a long working relationship with Abertay Dundee University of
the U.K. in jointly educating master degree students. Every year, a group of Nanchang University
graduates will go to Abertay Dundee for their master degrees in computer science. There are similar
programs with universities from Germany, the U.S., New Zealand, Australia, Japan, South Korea,
Thailand and other countries and regions.
In recognition of NCU's excellence in both education and research, the Chinese Ministry of
Education officially admitted Nanchang University into the national “211 Project” in 1997,
signifying the inclusion of NCU into the elite 100 key universities in China. In 2004, the Chinese
Ministry of Education signed an agreement with Jiangxi Provincial government affiliating Nanchang
University with both the Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Provincial government.
42
City Map of Nanchang
A Brief Introduction of Nanchang
Nanchang is the capital of Jiangxi Province in southeastern China. It is located 60 km south of
the Yangtze River and sits on the banks of the Gan River. Nanchang is known for the Tengwang
Pavilion, a towering pavilion dating to 653 and Nanchang's People's Square, the second largest
public square in China, after Beijing's Tiananmen Square. Nanchang has a population of
approximately 1.57 million people and a metropolitan area of about 4.07 million people.
In the early Han Dynasty (201 BC), a city called Gàn (灌) was constructed.In 589 AD (Sui
Dynasty), it was renamed Hongzhou (洪州), and eventually Nanchang. In the early Tang Dynasty
(653 AD), Li Yuanying, the brother of the Emperor Taizong, constructed a building called
Tengwang Ge (滕王阁), now a famous tourist site. In 675 AD, the twenty-five-year-old Wang Bo
(王勃) wrote the classic “Tengwang Ge Xu”. The building as well as the city became celebrated for
Wang’s introduction article. Nonetheless, the building experienced 28 cycles of destructions and
reconstructions. In 1926, it was burned down for the last time. In 1989, Tengwang Ge was
resurrected to a new height of 57 m, presumably according to the design of Song Dynasty.
43