PSRC K-2 Reading Guide
Vocabulary/Word Building Skills
Grade Level Words

PSRC-K

PSRC-1

PSRC-2
Basic Sight Words

Pre-Primer

Primer

Dolch

Story “The Best Thing In The World”
Consonant Sounds(Position)

Initial

Middle

Ending

Digraphs – two consonants when used together
make a single sound- th, sh, ch, wh, ph, gh, ck

Blends – two or three consonant letters
pronounced rapidly one after the other cr, sn, sl,
dr, fl
Vowel Sounds

Short… - apple
- egg
- it
- ox
- up
Do not say their name
* When the vowels are taught, y should be included with the
long vowels: my, try, baby, candy.
Long i/e
*Only in a few words such as gypsy…
Short i



Long…- cake
- leaf
- tie
- hose
- cute
Vowels + r… Vowels are neither long nor short.
They are affected and changed by r
- car
- her
-fir
- for
- fur
Irregular vowel diagraphs…
- great
- friend
Dipthongs… A slurring together of two vowel letters – oi, oy,
ou, ow
- oil
- boy
- loud
- cow
Word Families/Phonograms… Ending on which a word
family can be built….
-at/bat
-et/get
-it/fit
-ot/got
-ut/but
Special Sounds …au, aw, oo, ew
-taught
-straw
-cook
-zoo
-few
Plurals… more than one

s, x, sh, ch- words ending in these letters form a
plural by adding es
-dresses
-brushes
-foxes
-lunches

Words ending in y preceded by a vowel are formed
plural by adding s
-day/days
-toy/toys

Words ending in y preceded by a consonant are
formed plural by changing the y to i and adding es
-baby/babies
-lady/ladies
-party/parties
ABC Recognition

26 letters
-picture representation
Rhyming Words

you/who

all/Paul

Jane/rain

three/we
PSRC K-2 Reading Guide
Vocabulary/Word Building Skills
Compound Words

some/one

sun/flower

cow/boy
Inflected Endings … s, ed, ing

looks/looked/looking

walks/walked/walking

opens/opened/opening
Alphabetizing
jump
met
apple
can
1. apple
2. can
3. jump
4. met
Five Essential Components

phonemic awareness

phonics

fluency

vocabulary

comprehension
Possessive Forms of Nouns

bird’s nest - singular

boys’ caps/wolves’ – plural

men’s hats – plural noun not ending in s

brother-in-law’s car - compound
Story Elements

author’s purpose

cause/effect

character

compare/contrast

draw conclusions

main idea

plot

realism/fantasy

sequence

setting

theme
Syllablication

vc/cv = ham/mer

v/cv = la/dy

vc/v = wag/on
Root Words and Endings – Doubling Consonants Before
Endings.. Inflected Endings

stop stopped stopping

rub rubbed rubbing

hop hopped hopping
*Validity
- look- has 2 vowels so the k is not doubled
- help- has 2 consonants so the p is not doubled
- reach- has 2 vowels and 2 consonants so the h is
not doubled
Contractions

n’t/cannot- can’t

‘m/I am- I’m

‘ll/she will- she’ll

‘s/it is- it’s

‘ve/we have- we’ve

‘re/they are- they’re
Opposites

up/down

high/low

wet/dry
Comparatives… er, est

er – comparing two

est – comparing more than two
sweeter=2
sweetest=3
smaller=2
smallest=3
Root Words/Prefixes, and Suffixes

-un/unhappy

re-/rewrite

ly-/curly

-ful/helpful

-er/colder
Writing

journal

word web

list

story response

survey

chart

facts

poem

notes

letter

steps
Silent Letters

w before r (wrong)

k before n (knife)

g before n (gnaw)

b after m (when in same syllable – climb)

t before ch (watch)

c before k (lock)

d before g or ge (dodge)
Hard/Soft Sound of c, and g

Followed by e, i, y= Soft –c= s/ city

Followed by a, o, u= Hard –c=k/cake

Followed by e, i, y = Soft/g = j/giraffe

Followed by a, o, u= Hard/g = g/go
PSRC K-2 Reading Guide
Vocabulary/Word Building Skills
Sentence Type
Declarative – makes a statement
* John lives next door.
Imperative – Expresses a command or request
* Bring me that paper.
Interrogative – Asks a question.
* Who’s there?
Exclamatory – A sentence expressed with strong feeling.
* How fast he ran!
Parts of Speech

noun

pronoun

verb

adjective
Family Words

brother

sister

mother

father

aunt

uncle

cousin

baby

niece

nephew