PAGE 1 DYNAMIC EARTH
Name:
PLATE TECTONICS
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
- What is the historical development of continental drift?
- What is the theory of plate tectonics?
- How is the structure of the earth related to plate movements?
- How does paleomagnetism support the theory of plate tectonics?
- How do the locations of earthquakes and volcanoes support the theory of plate tectonics?
- What are the mechanisms of plate motion?
VOCABULARY (defined on page 2 of packet):
1. Pangaea
2. rift valley
3. plate tectonics
4. crust
5. core
6. mantle
7. asthenosphere
8. lithosphere
9. subduction zone
10. trench
11. seafloor
spreading
12. continental
drift
13. convective
flow
14. volcanic island
arc
15. continental
volcanic arc
16. hot spot
17. paleomagnetism
18. oceanic ridge
19. ridge-push
20. slab- pull
VOLCANOES & EARTHQUAKES
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
- What is the cause of earthquakes?
- What are the types of seismic waves?
- Can earthquakes be predicted?
- What determines the type of volcanic eruption?
- What are the three main types of volcanoes?
VOCABULARY (Define each of these words):
Viscosity
Vent
Pyroclastic
Flow
Shield
Volcano
Cinder Cone
Composite
Cone
Focus
Epicenter
Fault
Seismograph
P-Wave
S-Wave
Tsunami
PAGE 2 “PLATE TECTONICS” VOCABULARY
Inner core
Outer core
Mantle
Crust
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Tectonic plate
Continental drift
Pangaea
Mid-ocean ridge
Convection
Convection current
Theory of plate tectonics
Divergent boundary
Rift valley
Magnetic reversal
Hot spot
Convergent boundary
Subduction
Continental-continental collision
Oceanic-oceanic subduction
Oceanic-continental subduction
Transform boundary
WHO AM I? Write the vocabulary word on the line that best matches each clue.
1. I’m an area of volcanic activity that develops above rising plumes of magma.
2. I’m the huge underwater mountain ranges that are present in every ocean
and circle Earth.
3. I’m one plate sinking beneath another.
4. I occur where two plates move past each other in opposite directions.
5. I state that Earth’s lithosphere is broken into huge, moving slabs of rock
driven by motions in the mantle.
6. I’m the name that Alfred Wegener gave to the huge supercontinent that he
proposed had once existed.
7. I’m the place where older crust is destroyed because two plates converge, or
push together.
8. I’m the hypothesis that proposed that Earth’s continents were once joined in a
single landmass and then gradually moved apart.
9. I’m the layer of hotter, softer rock in the upper mantle.
10. I’m a plate with oceanic crust sinking under a plate with continental crust.
11. I’m the layer of liquid metals that surrounds the inner core.
12. I’m the motion created when heated material continually rises, cools, and
sinks.
13. I’m the thin layer of rock that surrounds Earth.
14. I’m the gap that forms as tectonic plates move apart.
15. I occur where plates with continental crust push together.
16. I’m a ball of hot, solid metals at Earth’s center.
17. I’m the transfer of heat within a material.
18. I’m the large and small slabs of rock that make up pieces of the lithosphere.
19. I’m Earth’s crust and the very top of the mantle combined.
20. I’m a plate with oceanic crust sinking under another plate with oceanic crust.
21. I’m the switch in direction of Earth’s magnetic north and south poles.
22. I’m Earth’s thickest layer, measuring nearly 2900 kilometers.
23. I occur where tectonic plates move apart.
PAGE 3 STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH
Outline the layers of the earth, including details/characteristics of each. One characteristic
MUST be its physical state: solid / liquid / semi-solid / semi-liquid.
EXPLAIN THE CORRELATION BETWEEN OOBLECK AND THE EARTH’S ASTHENOSPHERE
WRITE A CREATIVE STORY ABOUT YOUR “TRIP” TO THE CENTER OF THE EARTH.
CREATIVELY INCLUDE AT LEAST 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH LAYER.
PAGE 4 BRAIN POP - Earth’s Structure Quiz
http://brainpop.com
1. What are Earth’s three basic layers?
a. Core, mantle, and surface
b. Core, mantle, and crust
c. Center, middle, and top
2. What is the main component of the earth’s
inner core?
a. granite
b. nickel
c. iron
3. How have scientists learned about the
composition of the Earth?
a. by digging very deep holes
b. by studying earthquakes
c. by taking samples of the surface
4. Where is the earth’s crust the thickest?
a. in the oceans
b. on the continents
c. at the North Pole
5. What is the earth’s crust made of?
a. rock
b. water
c. molten metal
6. Which of the following statements is
true?
a. the upper layer of the mantle is
partially molten
b. the lower layer of the mantle is
partially molten
c. the Earth’s mantle extends 2,000
meters deep
7. How deep would you have to drill to
reach the center of the earth?
a. about 80,000 kilometers
b. about 600 kilometers
c. about 6,000 kilometers
8. Which layer of the earth is liquid
metal?
a. the crust
b. the outer core
c. the inner core
9. Which layer of the earth allows the
tectonic plates to move around above it?
a. the mantle
b. the outer core
c. the crust
10. What effect does the spinning of the
earth’s core have?
a. it creates gravity
b. it creates the earth’s magnetic
field c. it allows spaceships to navigate
Page 4 Continued BRAIN POP - Plate Tectonics Quiz
http://brainpop.com
1. What is Pangaea?
a. one of the earth’s tectonic plates
b. a super-continent that existed 300
million years ago
c. another name of Antarctica.
6. Which type of plate boundary involves two
plates moving apart?
a. divergent boundary
b. transform boundary
c. subversive boundary
2. What is plate tectonics?
a. theory about the movement of the
continents
b. a theory about the origin of the earth
c. a new way to wash dishes
7. Which type of plate boundary involves
two plates sliding alongside one
another?
a. convergent boundary
b. subsiding boundary
c. transform boundary
3. What kind of plates are involved in the plate
tectonics theory?
a. thick slabs of snow that accumulate on
mountains
b. thick, shifting slabs of the earth’s crust
c. thick slabs of water that cover the
entire earth
4. How much does the average continent move
each year?
a. several hundred kilometers
b. a few hundred meters
c. several centimeters
5. Which type of plate boundary involves two
plates moving toward one another?
a. convergent boundary
b. divergent boundary
c. transform boundary
8. What process can explain why we see
fossils of the same prehistoric animals
on different continents?
a. hotspot formation
b. continental evolution
c. continental drift
9. What is another major piece of
evidence that supports the theory of
plate tectonics?
a. South America and Africa
appear to fit together, like puzzle
b. you can feel the continents move
under your feet
c. there is no evidence; plate
tectonics is “just a theory”
10. What can be found directly under the
plates of the earth’s crust?
a. mostly water
b. a soft mantle
c. mostly granite
PAGE 5 PANGAEA AND CONTINENTAL DRIFT
Continental Drift =
What scientist came up with this theory?
Did most people believe him?
His Evidence for Continental Drift:
List
1
2
3
4
Why was his hypothesis rejected?
Describe
PAGE 6 NAME ______________________________________ Types of Plate Boundaries
In the main boxes, describe what happens at each region, and include the landforms that occur
at each (and why they form). In the smaller boxes, answer the questions.
Earth’s
Three Layers
Significance:
Two types
of Crust
Significance:
Convergent
Oceanic-Oceanic
Example(s)
on Earth:
Convergent
Boundary
What’s happening?
Divergent
Boundary
What’s happening?
Convergent
Oceanic-Continental
Example(s)
on Earth:
Transform
Boundary
What’s happening?
Convergent
Continental-Continental
Example(s)
on Earth:
How does energy/convection impact this boundary?
Divergent
Oceanic-Oceanic
Example(s)
on Earth:
How does energy/convection impact this boundary?
Divergent
Continental-Continental
Example(s)
on Earth:
Transform
Example(s)
on Earth:
How does energy/convection impact this boundary?
PAGE 7 ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-5 ON PAGE 255 OF YOUR TEXTBOOK.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
SKIP THIS DIAGRAM. Label the plates in the boxes.
Eurasian (2 places)
Australian-Indian (2 places)
North American
South American
Arabian
Nazca
DESCRIPTION OF CANDY BAR ACTIVITY
African
Philippine
Antarctic
Pacific
Juan DeFuca
The candy bar’s ____ is like the Earth’s ____ because _______________.
PAGE 8 PLATE TECTONICS
THIS PAGE IS NOTES.
Plates move _______________ when the convection below them circulates apart. This is
called a _______________ boundary.
Plates move _______________ when the convection below them circulates together. This is
called a _______________ boundary.
________________ is the cycling of heat. Does this happen in the lithosphere or
asthenosphere? ________________________
Are plates made of lithosphere or asthenosphere? ________________________
What is the lithosphere made of? _______________________________________
COMPARE & CONTRAST
Continental drift
When was the theory
created?
Who created it?
What does it say?
Overall…
Plate tectonics
PAGE 9 EVIDENCE FOR PLATE TECTONICS – THIS IS NOTES
PALEOMAGNETISM & CRUST AGE
RING OF FIRE:
EARTHQUAKES & VOLCANOES
HOT SPOTS
SLAB PULL
RIDGE PUSH
MANTLE CONVECTION
THE CAUSE OF THE PLATE MOTION ABOVE IS:
PAGE 10 Convection Lab
Background Information:
The term rheoscopic is the combination of two Greek words - rheo meaning to flow, and scope meaning to
watch or see. Rheoscopic, therefore, means to be able to watch or see something flowing. Rheoscopic
fluid is a unique and dynamic substance with the ability to produce striking visual images of currents
taking place within a liquid.
PreLab Questions:
1. Define convection:
2. What is under Earth's crust?
3. What is the inside of Earth like?
Objective: to demonstrate convective flow within the mantle using rheoscopic fluid.
Materials:
Beaker (400mL)
Rheoscopic Fluid
Hot Plate
Goggles
Procedure:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Obtain rheoscopic fluid and pour approximately 200 mL of the fluid into the beaker.
Place beaker on a hot plate and heat slowly on low heat. Do not overheat!
Make observations (wearing goggles) of the rheoscopic fluid as it is being heated.
Using hot pads, remove the beaker from the hot plate.
Observations:
Draw a picture of your observations of the fluid 
Hot Pads
PAGE 10 CONTINUED
Analysis Questions:
1. In comparison to Earth’s structure, what do the following represent?
a. Hot plate: ____________________
b. Rheoscopic fluid: _____________________
2. What could you have added to the model to represent lithospheric plates?
3. Describe convection as it relates to the rheoscopic fluid.
4. Explain in your own words how this model demonstrates convective flow of the mantle.
5. Label the layers of Earth on the picture below. Draw arrows in the mantle to represent how
convection causes plate movement.
Volcano Explorer
http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/pompeii/interactive/interactive.html
Global Perspective
The Ring of Fire is one of the Earth’s most __________________________________.
Volcanoes, as well as many _____________________ occur here.
It runs around the __________________ Ocean.
VOLCANO TYPES: describe each type of volcano and give examples on earth.
SHIELD VOLCANO
CINDER CONE VOLCANO
STRATOVOLCANO
Inside a Volcano Define the following parts of a volcano.
Magma Chamber
Central Vent
Crater
Fissure
Build your own volcano
Two factors affect the size of the volcano and strength of the eruption:
(1) ________________ = resistance to flow, or “_________________” of the magma.
(2) ___________________________
(3) ___________________________ (the more silica, the higher the viscosity!!)
**Generally, stronger eruptions are caused by _____ viscosity, _____ gas, & _____ silica.
For each setup, tell what is created: ( V = viscosity G = gas )
Setup
Volcano Type
V low
G low
V low
G high
V med-lo
G low
V med-lo
G high
V med-hi
G low
V med-hi
G high
V high
V high
G low
G high
Description of Eruption
LITHOSPHERIC PLATE ACTIVITY
EARTH-ENVIRONMENTAL
NAME_______________________________
DATE_________________ PERIOD______
Follow all instructions from beginning to end. Then, answer the questions.
BE NEAT! If I can’t read it, I can’t grade it, and you get a ZERO!
Latitude
50°N
45°N
20°N
10°N
20°N
40°N
15°N
45°N
5°S
55°N
Longitude
170°W
120°W
100°W
85°W
155°W
15°E
120°E
145°E
120°E
165°E
Earthquakes
(use a BLUE dot)
Volcanoes
(use a RED dot)
1. Use a RED dot to represent Volcanoes and BLUE dot to represent Earthquakes. Plot the data
below on your labeled map of the lithospheric plates.
Latitude
60°N
60°N
20°N
35°S
25°S
20°S
35°N
50°N
35°N
20°S
Longitude
150°W
135°W
70°W
70°W
75°W
45°E
15°E
160°E
142°E
45°E
2. Mountain Ranges:
a. Symbol: use a series of ^^^^^^^ symbols & label it with the name.
b. Where to look: Book p.744-745 & Class Maps
 Andes
 Himalayas
 Rocky
 Alps
 Appalachian
 Sierra Madre
3. Ocean Ridges & Trenches:
a. Symbol: use a highlighter & label it with the name.
b. Where to look: Book p.396-397 & Class Maps
 Aleutian Trench
 Mid-Atlantic Ridge
 Mariana Trench
 Peru-Chile Trench
4. Tectonic Plates:
a. Symbol: use the name only.
b. Where to look: Book p.256-257
 Pacific (2 plates)
 South American
 Eurasian
 African
 North American
 Nazca


Indo-Australian
Antarctic
5. Color each of the plates VERY LIGHTLY using a different color. You need to color lightly
so that you can still see your writing through the coloring.
INSTRUCTIONS:
*Answer the following questions IN FULL SENTENCES. *Use your Chapter 9 of your book for help.
A) What relationship exists between the location of earthquakes and the location of volcanoes?
B) What plate matches (almost perfectly) with the Ring of Fire, where most of the world’s earthquakes
and volcanoes occur?
C) What can be found near the point at (20°N, 133°W)? ________________________________________
D) From this information, what can you infer about some volcanoes??
E) Where do most earthquakes and volcanoes occur in relation to the plate boundaries? Explain why.
F) Explain why the Himalaya Mountains formed (consider the location of these mountains, relative to
the plate boundaries).
G) Explain how the Peru-Chile Trench formed (consider the location of this trench, relative to the plate
boundaries).
H) On which plate is most of the United States? _______________________________________________
I) What part of the United States is NOT on this plate? _________________________________________
J) What plate is this part of the United States on? ______________________________________________
K) What geologic feature is found at this plate boundary? _______________________________________
Name_________________________________ Date _______ Period __
VOLCANO & POMPEII VIDEOS
© Discovery Education & http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/pompeii/pompeii.html
As we view these short videos, answer the questions. Listen carefully!!! The answers go quickly!!!
UNDERWATER VOLCANOES
1) 80% of volcanic activity is _______________________________________________.
2) Can we detect underwater volcanoes from the surface? Explain why/why not.
PLATE TECTONICS
3) Why are volcanoes called “Earth’s cooling vents”??
4) A Volcano REALLY is _____________________________________________.
5) Draw and label the Earth’s layers:
6) How do the plates move?
7) _____________________________________ is when one plate slides against another.
8) _____________________________________ is when one plate moves under another.
KILAUEA – A VOLCANO LAB
9) Kilauea is the world’s ____________________________________________.
10) It has been erupting NONSTOP since _________
11) What is the “bench”??
12) What is tephra?
MOUNT SAINT HELENS
13) Mount Saint Helens is ______________times more powerful than ___________________
14) How many people died when it erupted?
15) What is the deadliest kind of eruption?
PINATUBO
16) In what month & year did Mount Pinatubo erupt?
17) Where is Mount Pinatubo?
18) How many people died when it erupted?
19) Why is it good that Pinatubo erupted exactly when it was predicted to?
ASH – A VOLCANO’S LEGACY
20) What is in volcanic ash?
21) What
happens when a plane flies through ash?
Pompeii – a Volcanic Mystery
22) Were the bodies damaged during the eruption? YES / NO
Uncovering the site at Pompeii
23) When and how was the lost city of Pompeii discovered?
24) In what year did excavation begin?
25) Why was it so easy to dig in Pompeii?
Pompeii – Examining the Skeletons
26) Describe how the bodies were able to be cast so easily.
27) Using MRIs, scientists found ________________________________in the skulls.
28) The MRIs proved that the people of Pompeii _____________________________.
29) Who was Pliny the Younger?
30) Where was Pliny when Vesuvius erupted?
31) Pliny described the volcanic cloud as being _____________ kilometers high.
Vesuvius – AD 79 Eruption
32) Why couldn’t lava get out of Mount Vesuvius before AD 79?
33) Why was the explosion so big?
34) Why did they survive the initial ashy downpour?
35) To protect their heads, the people of Pompeii used _____________________.
Pompeii’s Last Breath
36) By the end of the eruption, the pumice that covered Pompeii was __________ deep.
37) The deeper the body in the pumice, the ________________ that person died.
38) The people of Pompeii died by ______________________________.
TYPE OF FAULT
DIAGRAM
STRESS
WHAT HAPPENED?
COMPRESSION
TENSION
SHEARING
COMPRESSION
TENSION
SHEARING
COMPRESSION
TENSION
SHEARING
COMPRESSION
TENSION
SHEARING
Please open up your textbook to section 8.2 and answer the following questions concerning
earthquakes.
1. Describe the difference between P waves and S waves in terms of their rate of travel and how
they move.
2. How many recording stations are needed to locate the epicenter of an earthquake? Explain
why that many stations are needed.
3. Why is the Richter scale no longer used by scientists? Explain the advantages of using the
Moment Magnitude scale.
4. Looking at table 1 on page 227, describe the relationship between the number of earthquakes
per year and the magnitude of the earthquakes.
QUICK LAB: MEASURING THE DISTANCE TO EPICENTERS
INSTRUCTIONS: Use the figures to answer questions below.
Make sure to USE ONLY THE BOTTOM SCALE ON THE X-AXIS (measured in kilometers).
Figure 8
Analyze and Conclude
1. What is the difference in arrival times in minutes between the first P wave and first S wave for
stations that are the following distances from an epicenter: 1000km, 2000km, 2400km, 3000km?
2. How does the difference in arrival times of the first P wave and fist S wave on a seismogram change? How does
it change if the station is farther from the epicenter?
3. How do you think the vibrations recorded on a seismogram would change as the distance to the epicenter
increases?
Name__________________________
Date_______________ Period______
Laboratory Investigation: Locating an Epicenter
© Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1995 Laboratory Manual
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Whenever an earthquake occurs, shock waves spread out in all directions. Some of these waves cause rock
particles to vibrate from side to side as they pass through the rock. Other types of waves cause rock particles to
vibrate forward and backward. Different types of earthquake waves travel through rocky material at different
speeds. The earthquake shock waves that travel fastest are known as P, or primary, waves. P waves are also
sometimes called push-pull waves. Certain slower waves are referred to as S, or secondary, waves. S waves, also
known as shear waves, are the types that cause rock particles to vibrate from side to side. S waves reach locations
distant from the earthquake’s point of origin somewhat later than P waves. The underground point of origin is
called the earthquake’s focus. The point on the land surface directly above the focus is known as the epicenter.
To detect earthquake shock waves, geologists use a very sensitive instrument called a seismograph. It can
detect even the weakest of shock waves. From the information recorded by a seismograph, scientists are able to
determine the exact arrival times of both P and S waves. Since P waves travel faster than S waves, you have
probably realized that you can determine how far away you are from the earthquake’s epicenter if you know the
difference in the arrival time of the two types of waves. And that is exactly how seismologists determine the
distance to an earthquake’s epicenter, even when it is thousands of kilometers away. When similar information
from stations in different locations is compared, the precise location of the epicenter can be determined.
PROBLEM: How can an earthquake’s epicenter be located?
MATERIALS (per student)
 Drawing compass with pencil (be sure it has a sharp point!!)
 The accompanying graph
 The accompanying map of the United States
PROCEDURE
1. Carefully observe Figure 1, which shows a comparison of the difference in arrival time between P and
S waves and distance to the epicenter of an earthquake. Note that the two quantities are directly
related; that is, the greater the difference in arrival time, the greater the distance to the epicenter.
2. Before going further in this investigation, you will need to become familiar with the graph. Use the
graph to answer questions 1 through 4 in Observations.
3. Now that you know how to read the graph, see if you can put it to use. Assume that an earthquake has
occurred and that the times of arrival of the P and S waves from it have been detected and recorded by
seismographs located at the three cities listed in the Data Table. Note that the difference in P and S
wave arrival times has been included in the table.
NOTE: for steps 4-8, be as precise as possible – it will make this lab much easier!!! 
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Using Figure 1, determine each city’s distance from the epicenter. Enter your figures in the DataTable.
Use the map scale to set your compass at a radius equal to the distance from Denver to the epicenter.
On the map in Figure 2, draw a circle with the radius determined in step 5, using Denver as the center.
Repeat steps 5 and 6 for Houston and Miami.
If you have worked carefully, the three circles should intersect at one point. This point marks the
epicenter of the earthquake. Draw a point at the epicenter, circle it, and label it epicenter.
OBSERVATIONS
1. If the difference in arrival time for P and S waves at a certain location is 3 min, how far from that
station is the epicenter?
A. 430 km
B. 1400 km C. 1800 km D. 2100 km
2. If a seismograph shows that a P wave arrives 7 min 20 sec before an S wave, how far is it to the
earthquake’s epicenter? ____________________________________
3. If a recording station is known to be 4600 km from an earthquake epicenter, what is the difference in
arrival time between the P and S waves from that earthquake? __________________________
4. If a seismograph is located 2200 km from an earthquake epicenter, how great will be the difference in
arrival time between the P and S waves at this station? __________________________
Denver, Colorado
DATA TABLE 1
Difference in P and S Wave
Arrival Time
2 min 25 sec
Houston, Texas
4 min 10 sec
Miami, Florida
5 min 40 sec
City
Distance (km)
ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS
1. a. Which city on the map is closest to the earthquake epicenter? ______________________________
b. How far, in km, is this city from the epicenter? ____________________________
2. Which of the three cities listed in the Data Table would feel the earthquake…
First? _____________________ Second? _____________________ Third? ___________________
3. Why was it necessary to know the distance from the epicenter for at least three recording stations to
be able to locate the epicenter? _______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. If the epicenter of this earthquake were located in San Francisco, how much earlier than the S wave
would the P wave arrive for an observer in New York City? ________________________________
5. As the distance between an observer and an earthquake decreases, the difference in arrival times of P
and S waves
A. decreases, B. increases, C. remains the same.
CRITICAL THINKING AND APPLICATION
1. What can happen to the Earth’s surface when the vibrations from an earthquake travel through the
crust?____________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. What relationship do you think exists between the amount of energy an earthquake contains and the
amount of damage it will do? ________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. Is it possible for seismologists to know for sure that an earthquake or volcanic eruption will not occur
in a particular area? Explain your answer. ______________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Golden River Topographic Map
1. What is the contour interval of the map? _______________________________________________________
How did you determine this? _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which side of the Golden River is steeper?
Eastern
or
Western
How do you know this? _____________________________________________________________________
3. How many hilltops are on the map? _____________
How is a hilltop represented? ________________________________________________________________
4. Give an estimate of the elevation at each point. Be as exact as possible.
A ____________
C ____________
E ____________
G ____________
B ____________
D ____________
F ____________
H ____________
5. Which direction do the following streams flow?
Golden River: North
or
South
Silver Creek: East
or
West
Don’t Know Creek: East
or
West
How do you know this? ___________________________________________________________
6. What is the elevation of the swamp? _________________
7. What is the elevation of the mine? ___________________
8. What is the elevation of the school? __________________
9. Compare the church and school in terms of their elevation _________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
10. Where would you build an airport? Explain. _____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Callister Quadrangle Topo Map Exercise
Thanks to NY Earth Science Education Legend Jeff Callister
http://geoscience.stevekluge.com/regentses/labs/callisterquad.pdf
1. What is the contour interval on this map?
2. What is the highest contour line on the map?
3. What is the highest possible elevation on the map?
4. What do the hatch marks on Vails Gate Mountain represent?
5. Give the approximate elevation of the following points:
a. Abel Pond ______________________
b. Coren Swamp ______________________
c. Denman Orchard ______________________
d. Callister City Church ______________________
e. Highway 84 ______________________
6. Towards what direction does Newburgh River flow?
7. What area is the steepest on the map?
8. What area is most similar to a plain?
9. How far is it from Callister School to the peak of Temple Hill, in miles?
10. What are the latitude and longitude coordinates of where Route 84 crosses Newburgh
River?
11. What is the gradient along Newburgh River on this map?
===========================================================================
Now do the following:
1. Neatly label the elevation of all contour lines (notice that some lines are already labeled).
2. LIGHTLY shade in all water areas blue. (Hint: rivers, creek, lake, pond, and stream)
3. LIGHTLY shade in all elevations as follows…
less than 100ft = yellow
100ft – 200ft = orange
200ft – 300ft = red
300ft or more = brown
===========================================================================
NAME: ___________________________________________
Earth-Environmental Science
DYNAMIC EARTH REVIEW
Chapters 8, 9, 10, 11
Key Terms
Earthquake
Focus
Epicenter
Fault
Elastic rebound
hypothesis
Aftershock
Foreshock
Liquefaction
Tsunami
Concept Map
Crust
Mantle
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Inner core
Outer core
Continental drift
Pangaea
Plate tectonics
Divergent boundary
Convergent boundary
Transform boundary
Ocean ridge
Rift valley
Subduction
Trench
Volcanic island arc
Continental volcanic arc
Paleomagnetism
Convection currents
Viscosity
Vent
Pyroclastic flow
Volcano
Shield volcano
Cinder cone
Stratovolcano
Deformation
Stress
Normal fault
Reverse fault
Thrust fault
Strike-slip fault
Compressonal stress
Tensional stress
Shearing stress
1. What is continental drift AND who developed a scientific argument for continental drift?
2. What 4 scientific observations did Alfred Wegener use to support his continental drift hypothesis?
3. How do scientists explain the existence of fossils of the same plants and animals on continents
thousands of kilometers away?
4. What is the theory of plate tectonics? How does it relate to continental drift?
5. Why were scientists able to locate the mid-ocean ridge by looking for areas with a lot of earthquakes?
6. The pattern of stripes on the ocean floor is identical on both side of a mid ocean ridge. How are these
matching stripes evidence of ocean-floor spreading? What is this called?
7. Identify and describe the mechanism of plate motion.
8. What two layers of the Earth are considered to make up the lithosphere? What is an important
characteristic of the lithosphere?
9. Identify and describe the 3 different types of plate boundaries
PLATE BOUNDARY
WHAT HAPPENS AT THIS BOUNDARY?
Convergent
10. Identify and describe the 3 different kinds of plate collisions
PLATE COLLISION
WHAT HAPPENS (land forms, islands, Subduction, trench etc.)?
Oceanic-Oceanic
11. Identify and describe the 4 types of faults and the stresses associated with each
TYPE of FAULT
STRESS
WHAT HAPPENS?
12. What evidence supports the idea that the production and destruction of the lithosphere must be going
on at about the same rate?
13. Earthquakes and volcanoes often occur at ____________________ boundaries.
14. What is an earthquake? And at what type of plate boundary do most earthquakes occur?
15. Which is a stronger, more dangerous earthquake: (circle your answer)
2.3 on the Richter scale -OR-
7.3 on the Richter scale
How many times greater is the largest earthquake from the smallest? _______________
16. What are some of the hazards of Earthquakes in the ocean and on land? What are some measures we
can take to protect people from the destruction associated with an earthquake?
17. Identify and label the volcano’s parts:
18. What is the ring of fire? Where is it?
19. Name the 3 types of volcanoes:
- Largest - usually rise from the ocean floor______________________________________
-Tall & steep - that are often very dangerous ____________________________________
-Short & cylindrical - grow slowly from cooling lava _____________________________
20. What is a Pyroclastic flow?
21. How hot is a Pyroclastic flow? ________________ How fast does it move? ____________
22. Explain why volcanoes are known as the Earth’s cooling vents.
23. Name the volcano…
a. In Hawaii that has been erupting nonstop since 1983. ________________________________
b. In the Philippines that killed 900 people in 1991. ___________________________________
c. In Washington State that’s the biggest in the Continental USA. . ________________________
d. In Italy that destroyed the cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Stabiae.___________________
24. What type of volcano is…
a. Vesuvius?________________________________
b. Kilauea? _________________________________
c. Mt. Saint Helens? __________________________
25. What is the difference between a focus and an epicenter?
26. How can triangulation be used to find the focus of an earthquake?
27. What 3 factors determine the type of volcanic eruption?
1-
2-
3-
28. Large volcanic eruptions eject large amounts of gas, dust and ash into the atmosphere. This volcanic
material can affect the world climate by blocking incoming solar radiation. An eruption from what type of
volcano is most likely to cause global climate changes? EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER!
CONVECTION CURRENTS LAB/DEMO
VOLCANO EXPLORER ACTIVITY
VOLCANO & POMPEI VIDEO QUESTIONS
LITHOSPHERIC PLATE PUZZLE LABORATORY
FAULTS & EARTHQUAKE QUESTIONS
EARTHQUAKE EPICENTER ACTIVITY
BRAIN POP VIDEOS – EARTH’S STRUCTURE & PLATE TECTONICS
TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS – GOLDEN RIVER TOPOGRAPHIC MAP
TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS – CALLISTER QUADRANGLE
Boundaries Practice
BOUNDARIES:
Convergent
Divergent
Transform
oceanic-oceanic
oceanic-continental
continental-continental
oceanic
continental
FEATURES/VOCABULARY:
subduction
mountains
volcano
trench
fault line
lithosphere
asthenosphere
convection