Name_______________________________________________
Regents Chemistry
Date_________
Functional Groups Notes and Practice #2
Skill #4 – Naming and drawing structural formulas of aldehydes
Key Ideas
1.
Aldehydes are organic compounds containing a carbonyl (C=O) group as the end carbon.
(See Table R)
2.
To name an aldehyde:
a. Write the name of the hydrocarbon chain first.
b. Change the “e” ending of the alkane name to “al” to identify it as an aldehyde.
c. Since the carbonyl (C=O) group is the end carbon, a locating number is NOT used.
3.
If drawing the structural formula of an aldehyde, reverse Key Idea 2 above.
1. Write the correct IUPAC name or draw the correct structure for each of the following aldehydes:
O
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
propanal
H
H
C
O
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CHO
Skill #5 – Naming and drawing structural formulas of ketones
Key Ideas
1.
Ketones are organic compounds containing a carbonyl (C=O) group on an “inside” carbon.
(See Table R)
The smallest ketone contains 3 carbon atoms for this reason.
2.
To name ketones:
a. Write the name of the hydrocarbon chain first.
b. Change the “e” ending of the alkane name to “one” to identify it as a ketone.
c. Write a number to locate which carbon atom the carbonyl (C=O) group is bonded to.
3.
If drawing the structural formula of a ketone, reverse Key Idea 2 above.
1. Write the correct IUPAC name or draw the correct structure for each of the following ketones:
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
O
H
H
CH3 CH2 CO CH2 CH3
H
H
H
O
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
2-hexanone
Skill #6 – Naming and drawing the structural formulas of organic acids
Key Ideas
1.
Organic Acids are organic compounds containing a carboxyl (-COOH) group as the end carbon.
(See Table R)
2.
To name organic acids:
a. Write the name of the hydrocarbon chain first.
b. Change the “e” ending of the alkane name to “oic acid” to identify it as an organic acid.
c. Since the carboxyl (-COOH) group is the end carbon, a locating number is NOT used.
3.
If drawing the structural formula of an organic acid, reverse Key Idea 2 above.
1. Write the correct IUPAC name or draw the correct structure for each of the following organic acids:
H
H
O
C
C
OH
H
methanoic acid
HO
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 COOH
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
O
H
H
H
H