EDU/ENH291: Review Assignment Questions/Answers
1. Define children’s literature. 1 pt
Both fiction and non-fiction books, written especially for children 0-12 years old.
2. Name four children's basic needs met by reading books. Just list them, but be aware of the meaning of each.
(There are seven basic needs listed in your reading.) 4 pts

Security: physical, spiritual, emotional, and intellectual.

Achievement

Belonging

To love and be loved

Fun and change

Aesthetic satisfaction

Need to know
3. Define the term "vicarious experience." 1 pt
A vicarious experience is the sympathetic participation in the experience of another.
4. What are the qualities of a good story? (There are four you can find in your reading.) 4 pts

Lively action and plot

Worthwhile theme or message

Unique, memorable character

Style that reads aloud delightfully
5. What values can be gained from literature? (Note I said "literature," which denotes quality. I did not say just books. Three values are listed in the class notes.) 3 pts
1. Vicarious experiences through books give insight into living, broaden experiences, and teach about others and self.
2. Books explore the world of nature and creatures which gives reverence for life, and develops sensitivity to beauty and goodness and decency in human beings and animals.
3. Books provide a zest for life in all its dimensions: tragic, dull, triumphant and joyous. It is good for mankind to share.
6. Define a Caldecott Award-winning book and give an example. 2 pts
This award is given to the most distinguished American picture book for children published in English in the
United States ( artist of the most distinguished American picture book for children) during the preceding year.
The Award goes to the illustrator of that book, who must be a citizen or resident of the United States. A picture book for children in contrast to other books with illustrations, is defined as one that essentially provides the child with a visual experience; one that maintains a collective unity of story-line, theme, or concept which is developed through the series of pictures. The winning book displays respect for children's understandings, abilities, and appreciations up to and including age fourteen.
Flotsam by David Wiesner 2007

7. Define a Caldecott Honor winning book and give an example. 2 pts
Honors awards are given to the runners-up. They are the books which remained the longest in the voting. In addition to the Caldecott Medal-winning book, the awards committees also cite other picture books intended for children.
These books were referred to as "runners-up" for the Caldecott Medal, but in 1971 that term was changed to "Caldecott
Honor Books."
Gone Wild: An Endangered Animal Alphabet by David McLimans
8. How are Caldecott winners determined and who decides the winner? 2 pt
Every January when the Caldecott Award for picture books is announced, it is the culmination of much work, reading, and discussion by a group of 15 people who compose the committee . Of the 15 members, eight, including the chair, are elected by members of the Association of Library Service to Children or ALSC, a division of the American Library
Association . The other seven members are appointed by the president of ALSC to balance the gender, ethnic, professional and geographic representation of the committee. Each committee member must be a member of ALSC and serves for one year.
9. Define a Newbery Award winning book and give an example. 2 pts
The Newbery Medal was named for eighteenth-century British bookseller John Newbery. It is awarded annually by the
Association for Library Service to Children, a division of the American Library Association , to the author of the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children.
The Higher Power of Lucky written by Susan Patron
10. Describe a hornbook and when it was used. 2 pts
A square piece of wood with a handle; first permanent children’s book in 1550s.
11. What was the first book published? 1 pt
The Bible
12. How long was the Royal Primer used and how many copies did it sell? 2 pts years; 5 million copies
13. Who wrote the first “lesson books” (not one specific person) for children and when? 2 pts
Monks in 600 A.D
.
14. Until what year did children in monastery schools have to read and speak Latin in and out of school? 1 pt
1350
15. Who wrote the first children’s encyclopedia? 1 pt
Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury
100

16. What was the most common plan of organization (how it was written; not what it looked like) of children’s books during the early years? 1 pt
Question and answer
17. In the early years, why were children's books published without author names and when did this start to change?
2 pts
It was considered beneath the dignity of authors to write books for children, so they were published without any name attached until the early 1800s.
18. When was the earliest record of co-education? 1 pt
766 A.D.
19. Name three adult books that children started reading because they found their books dull. 3 pts
Robinson Crusoe (Daniel Defoe) , Gulliver’s Travels (Jonathan Swift), Rip Van Winkle (Washington Irving)
20. Define Maslow's Hierarchy of [basic human] Needs and list and define those needs. 6 pts concerned with the discovery of identity and humanness; that is, how we are different from others and also how we are similar to other gives us the following hierarchy: at the bottom are the most basic needs
 first level: Physiological Needs: Hunger, Thirst, Sex, etc.
 second level: Safety Needs (physical and psychological)
 third level: Needs to Belong, Affiliate, Be Accepted; that is, to love and to be loved
 fourth level: Need for Self-Esteem (approval and respect)
 fifth level: Need is that for Self-Actualization: Aesthetic and/or Cognitive; that is, the need to be all that you can be
21. During the Middle Ages, when was a child expected to enter adulthood? 1 pt
Once a child is able to eat, sleep, and dress independently.
22. In what period did children's literature begin to become entertaining? 1 pt
The Enlightenment [1650-1790] Europe
23. Why were French words introduced into the English language? 1 pt
Because it was the language of nobility
24. Why were children’s books so gloomy in the Puritan times [1600]? 1 pt
They reflected the Puritan outlook, which was one that was more interested in the fear of God than in the love of life.

25. Who wrote the first important illustrated book for children and when? 2 pts
Amos Cormenius, Bishop of Moravia , in 1651
26. Name three stories Perrault wrote in the 1700’s. 3 pts
Blue Beard, The Three Witches, Puss in Boots, The Sleeping Beauty, Red Riding Hood
27. How did the Grimm Brothers create their stories? 1 pt
Traveled around Germany, talking to people and collecting folk stories
28. How did Hans Christian Anderse n’s tales differ from the Grimm Brothers’ tales? 1pt
Hans Christian Anderson, in 1841, wrote “modern” fairy tales, so called because Anderson actually created them and copied old ways of telling stories.
29. Name three fairy tales written by Hans Christian Andersen. 3 pts
Some of his stories are “The Little Mermaid,” “The Ugly Duckling,” and “The Emperor’s New Clothes.”
30. Who wrote the famous poem “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star”? 1 pt
Jane Taylor
31. Who wrote the Tales of Mother Goose? 1 pt
Charles Perrault
32. Define “genre” in children’s literature. 1pt
A category of literature defined by their shared characteristics. Within each genre, there are many subgenres.
33. List three genres.
Poetry, traditional literature, historical fiction
34. During the European Renaissance (1500-1650 CE) what religious book was the most popular reading material for children?
Book of Martyrs (1563), anti-Catholic work of horrific scenes of violent death for the sake of religion
35. During the 17 th century what two specific influences bought a heightened sense of special needs of children?

Religious: rise of Puritanism, that placed special emphasis on t he individual’s need to tend to his or her own salvation
Intellectual: work of John Locke, the English philosopher
36. Who wrote the famous essay “Some Thoughts Concerning Education” and believed ever child possessed the capacity for learning and that it was the responsibility of adults to see to the proper education of children?
John Locke
37. In 1744, what was the first significant publication for children?
Little Pretty Pocket Book
38. At the beginning of the 19 th century, some adults thought folktales were unsuitable for children for the following three reasons:
Adult themes
Alarming frankness and violence
Lack of moral messages
39. During the late medieval and early modern school texts, what type of tale served both as a model for behavior and a model of logic and argument?
Fables
40. Based on the concept of original sin, and intended to frighten youth into compliance with strict codes of morality, what book exemplifies an attitude toward children that was punishing and admonitory?
John Foxes’ Actes and Monuments (1563)
41. The harsh Puritan attitude in choices of reading and in writing for children persisted in some form or another until when?
The late nineteenth century in England and America
42. During the 1800s many people believed that Greek myths, fairy tales, and romances were too violent and belonged to the past. What did they believe to be three suitable subjects for youthful reading?
Science
Practical matters
Building of character\

43. During the early 19 th century rigidly defined gender roles reflected in the literature tended to discourage whose independence of thought?
Females
44. Who is considered the Patron Saint of Writers of Books for Children?
John Newbery
45. Where was Jules Verne born?
France
46. Out of the hornbook tradition, what pictorial book was developed as a folded piece of cardboard with an illustrated alphabet; it was named after a traditional game in which hornbooks were used as paddles?
Battledore
47. What were the two most significant genres of eighteenth century children’s literature?
Fairy tale and moral tale
48. What popular novelty books, named after theatrical pantomimes, were composed of a single sheet of paper with illustrations on flaps that opened to reveal another picture below?
The harlequinade, invented around 1765 by London bookseller Robert Sayer
49. What is a dissolving picture book?
The sheets were cut horizontally or into a circle so that a new scene could be revealed by pulling a tab
50. During the 1880s-1980s, who engineered the most elaborate movable books and is considered the
“Creator of the modern movable toy book”?
Lothar Meggendorfer (1847-1925)