MASS, MOMENTUM, AND ENERGY TRANSPORT II
ChE 342
(Spring, 2003)
http://kea.princeton.edu/ChE342 and http://courseinfo.princeton.edu
This is a beginning course in incompressible fluid mechanics. Understanding the behavior of
fluids in motion, the forces associated with that motion, and the forces exerted on fluids to
hold them at rest is important in the design of pipelines, aircraft, and ships; weather
forecasting; the management of water resources; the design of microfluidic devices for “labon-a-chip applications”; the design of industrial chemical reactors; the manufacture of optical
and textile fibers; the design of steam, water, or gas turbines; and the design of dams and
pressure vessels. The course will also cover the principles and engineering applications of
convective mass transfer.
My goal is to provide students with working knowledge of fluid mechanics and enable them
to solve practical problems of interest to chemical engineers, such as the design of submerged
structures, flow-measuring instruments, piping systems, filters, extruders, mixing equipment,
and fluidized bed combustors.
In a broader context, plants and animals are immersed in moving fluids (air and water), and
fluid mechanics provides the tools for understanding how nutrients are transported in trees,
how animals propel themselves by lift, drag, or jets, and how some animals walk on water.
Instructor:
Professor Athanassios Z. Panagiotopoulos
A-223; 8-5491, azp@princeton.edu
Office hours: Tue. and Thu., 4:30-5:30 pm
Assistant in Instruction:
Owen Hehmeyer
G-107; 8-0206, hehmeyer@princeton.edu
Office hours: Wed., 8-10 pm
Text:
Process Fluid Mechanics, by Morton M. Denn
On reserve: Introduction to Fluid Mechanics; by Stephen Whitaker
Transport Phenomena; by R. B. Bird, W. E. Stewart, and E. L. Lightfoot
An Introduction to Mass and Heat Transfer; by Stanley Middleman
Lectures:
Review session:
MWF 9-9:50 am, A-224
Th. 7-8 pm, A-224
Homework:
Weekly problem sets will be posted on Fridays, and
are due the following Friday by 4:30 pm in A-223.
Grading:
Homework 30%
Tests
30%
Final exam 40%
Course Outline
Importance and applications of fluid mechanics.
Properties of fluids: density, viscosity, surface tension.
Newtonian and non-Newtonian behavior.
Review of vectors and tensors.
Fluid statics. Buoyancy. Archimedes' Principle.
Forces on submerged objects.
Kinematics. The material derivative. Material volume.
Divergence theorem. Reynolds transport theorem.
Stress and the stress tensor.
Conservation of mass and momentum.
Differential forms of the conservation laws.
Bernouilli's equation.
Macroscopic balances. Applications.
The Newtonian fluid.
The Navier-Stokes equations. Boundary conditions.
Exact solutions. Poiseuille, plane Poiseuille, and torsional flows. Coating.
Dimensional analysis.  theorem.
Pipe flow. Friction factor.
Pumps and piping systems.
Flow through beds of particles.
Scaling and ordering analysis. Approximate solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations.
The creeping flow approximation. Squeeze film problem, Stokes flow, Stokes paradox.
The lubrication approximation. Coating, slider block.
Stream function, vorticity, potential flow. Stagnation flow. Flow past a cylinder, d'Alambert's
paradox.
The boundary layer approximation. Flow over flat plates and wedges.
The integral momentum approximation. Drag on immersed bodies and boundary layer
separation. Entry length for laminar flow.
Turbulent flow. Averaged form of equations of motion.
Mixing length theory. Turbulent pipe flow. Friction factor.
Convective mass transfer. Examples: falling film, coal combustion, fiber spinning. Film
theory. Boundary layer theory. Mass transfer coefficients.