AP Biology 1ST Semester Exam Review
45 min: Multiple Choice (30 items) & “Grid-Ins” (3 items)
5 min: Reading
40 min: Free Response (3 Short Responses & 1 Long Response)
I.
II.
Chemistry
a. Water
b. Organic Molecules
c. Thermodynamics
d. pH/ Buffers
e. Enzymes
Cell Structure, Transport, Cycle and Communication
a. Organelles
b. Endosymbiosis
c. Endomembrane System
d. Parts/Functions of Cell Membrane
e. Types of Transport
f. Intercellular Signaling
g. Intracellular Signaling
a. Cell cycle
b. Mitosis
c. Cell Cycle Regulation
h. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
III.
Energetic
a. ATP/ Chemiosmosis
b. Cellular Respiration Steps/Purposes
c. Aerobic/Anaerobic
d. Photosynthesis Steps/Purposes
e. Photosynthesis Environment
f. CR/Photo Relationship
IV.
Genetics
a. Meiosis-Purposes/Steps
b. Continuity/Variation
c. Genetics Problems
Vocabulary
Polar
Hydrogen bond
Covalent bond
Van der Waals bond
Cohesion/Adhesion
Surface tension
Specific heat
Heat of vaporization
Evaporative cooling
Solvent
C skeleton
Functional groups
Isotopes
1st and 2nd Laws of
Thermodynamics
Exergonic/Endergonic
pH
Acid/Base
Buffer
Polymer/Dehydration reaction
Mono/Di/Polysaccharide
Starch/Glycogen/Cellulose
Triglyceride
Saturated/Unsaturated
Fat/Phospholipid/Steroid
Amino acid
Prim/Sec/Tert/Quat Structure
Nucleotide
DNA/ATP/Coenzyme
Enzyme/Catalyst
Activation energy
Active site/Specificity
Substrate
Denature
Cofactor/Coenzyme
Competitive/Noncompetitive
inhibitors
Allosteric regulation
Anabolic/Catabolic
Cytoplasm/Cytosol
Nucleus
Nuclear Envelope
Nucleolus
DNA
Chromosome
Chromatin
Ribosome
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Body (Apparatus)—
Cisternae, Vesicles
Lysosome
Autophagy,
Autolysis
Microbodies
Peroxysomes
Glyoxysomes
Mitochondria—Cristae, Matrix
Plastids
Chloroplast—Thylakoids, stroma
Chromoplast
Amyloplast
Vacuoles—central, food,
contractile
Cytoskeleton
Microtubules
Microfilaments
Intermediate Filaments
Flagella
Cilia
Centrioles
Centrosome
Cell Wall
Intercellular Junctions
Compartmentalization
Fluid Mosaic Model
Phospholipids
Hydrophobic
Hydrophilic
Cholesterol
Integral Proteins
Peripheral Proteins
Transmembrane Proteins
Carbohydrates
Glycolipids
Glycoproteins
Semi-permeable
Selectively Permeable
Transport Proteins
Passive Transport
Concentration Gradient
Electrochemical Gradient
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis
Equilibrium
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Osmoregulation
Turgid
Flaccid
Plasmolysis
Water Potential
Active Transport
Endocytosis
Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
Receptor-mediated
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Surface Area to Volume
Ratio
Local Signaling
Cell Junctions
Gap Junctions
Cell-Cell Interaction
Local Regulators
Paracrine Signaling
Growth Factors
Synaptic Signaling
Neurotransmitters
Synapse
Long Distance Signaling
Hormones
Cell Signaling
Reception
Transduction
Response
Plasma Membrane Receptors
G-Protein-Coupled Receptors
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
Ligand-Gated Ion Channels
Ligand
Intracellular Receptors
Transcription Factors
Phosphorylation
Dephosphorylation
Protein Kinases
Protein Phosphatases
Second Messengers
cAMP
Calcium ions
Signaling Amplification
Scaffolding Proteins
Apoptosis
Cell Cycle
G1
G0
S
G2
Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
Cleavage Furrow
Cell Plate
Chromosome
Chromatids
Chromatin
Centromere
Diploid
Haploid
1n, 2n, 4n
Spindle Fibers
Kinetochores
Kinetochore Microtubules
Non-kinetochore Microtubules
Centrioles
Centrosomes
Checkpoints
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase
Maturation Promoting Factor
Endosymbiotic Theory
Membrane Enfolding
Binary Fission
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Aerobic/Anaerobic
Glycolysis
Intermediate Step
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Fermentation
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Chemiosmosis
Oxidation/Reduction
ATP/ADP
Kinase
ATP Synthase
Cytochromes
Mitochondria
Pyruvate
Acetyl CoA
NADH/FADH2/NADPH
Lactic Acid
Decarboxylation
Photosystem I & II
Calvin Cycle
Cyclic Photophosphorylation
Non-cyclic Photophosphorylation
Light Dependent
Light Independent
Chloroplast—Thylakoid, Stroma
Meiosis
Haploid
Diploid
Synapsis
Tetrad
Crossing Over
Gametogenesis
Oogenesis
Spermatogenesis
Polar body
Segregation
Independent Assortment
Random Fertilization
Monohybrid
Dihybrid
Dominant
Recessive
Genotype
Phenotype
Complete
Incomplete
Co-dominance
Non-disjunction
Monosomic
Trisomic
Polyploid
Karyotype
Sex-linked trait
Multiple Alleles
Polygenic
Pleiotropy
Linked Genes
Epistasis
Extranuclear Genes
Wild Type
Testcross
Recombination
Big Ideas
1.
The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life.
2. Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to
maintain dynamic homeostasis.
3. Living systems store, retrieve, transmit and respond to information essential to life processes.
4. Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties.
Labs
See Lab Chart
Hypothesis
IV, DV, Controls, Constants, Multiple Trials
Data—Organize, Titles / Labels / Units
Graphs—Titles / Labels / Units / Scale / Key / Rate