GDI Area Proposal - Lomas de Asia, A Rocha Peru.
1. Executive Summary
Along Peru’s arid coastline lies Lomas de Asia, one of the best preserved and most
extensive Lomas ecosystems in the greater Lima area. Known as ‘desert meadows’,
these unique and endangered ecosystems form on coastal hills as dense fog blown
in on Pacific winds during the wet season condenses, providing moisture for
adundant flora to flourish. Due to seasonal variations in humidity, native species
exhibit unique morphological and physiological adaptations, as well as rare
interactions and dependencies, leading to high levels of endemism.
Whilst biodiversity studies of Lomas de Asia are incomplete, a dry season
evaluation undertaken when humidity and vegetation cover is at its lowest, finds a
high level of biodiversity for the season and size of area assessed (777 hectares).
This study, coupled with recorded sightings, finds a total of 33 vascular plant
species including naturally regenerating populations of the Mito tree
(Vasconcelleacandicans); a species considered Critically Endangered under
Peruvian law. Recorded avifauna include nine carnivorous, granivorous and
insectivorous
species,
including
the
Peruvian
endemic
Cactus
Canastero(Pseudasthenescactorum). Six recorded mammal species include the
Andean Fox (Lycalopexculpaeus)and the endemic Northern Vizcacha
(Lagidiumperuanum). Two reptile species have been recorded: the Tiger Pacific
Iguana (Microlophustigris) and Desert Lancehead Snake (Bothropspictus),
considered Near Threatened and Vulnerable under national law respectively, as
well as 60 species of terrestrial arthropods. It is however expected that a complete
wet season study would reveal much higher levels of biodiversity.
Surrounding Lomas de Asia live various communities who benefit from the lomas’
natural resources and are committed to it’s long-term conservation. Since 2011,
the Asia rural community has mobilized to restore the area with financial and inkind support from local businesses. To date, 400 native trees have been planted on
one hectare of land, irrigated by specially designed ‘fog catchers’. It is estimated
that with appropriate support, 30 hectares could be reforested with native species
within 5 years, indicating great potential for relatively rapid ecological restoration
of the lomas ecosystem. The long-term conservation of the lomas will however also
depend upon developing alternative income-generating activities for local
communities which sustainably manage the lomas’ natural resources. Great
potential and interest exists to develop alternative income-generating activities
such as Tara production (Caesalpiniaspinosa; a native species with high
commercial value), as well as bee-keeping and eco-tourism, with the latter of
particular interest given the area’s easy access and close proximity to Lima and
nearby beach resorts.
Strong local interest exists to establish Lomas de Asia as a Private Conservation
Area, although policy support is needed to ensure that the area acquires this status
and is legally protected in the long-run. This protection is also much-needed due
to a number of threats.Population growth and beach tourism have led to increased
demand for land which may place greater pressure on Lomas de Asia. In addition,
the lomas are being degraded by human activities such as overgrazing, logging for
construction materials and fuel, hunting, and extraction of clay used for producing
ceramics. This has led to a lossof vegetation cover, reducing fogwatercapture and
the natural recovery of native species. Meanwhile, invasive species have been
introduced
and
are
competing
with
the
lomas’
native
species.
Environmentaleducation activities are now needed to raise awareness about the
importance and vulnerability of the lomas ecosystem among local authorities,
businesses and communities. An additional threat to Lomas de Asiais
ClimateChange, as an increase in coastal temperatures reduces the formation of
coastal fog clouds needed to sustain lomas biodiversity. It is hoped that by
registering Lomas de Asia as a GDI Area, greater awareness of this unique
ecosystem will be raised at a national and international level. Lastly, despite
significant experience from national universities and research teams on the lomas
ecosystem, additionalresearch is needed into the biodiversity, land use changes
and socio-economic factors that threaten Lomas de Asiato inform the development
of future conservation and sustainable natural resource management initiatives in
lomas ecosystems along the Peruvian coast.
To enable this, A Rocha Peru will design a five-year Area Management Plan using
the “Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation” developed by the
Conservation Measures Partnership. In addition, the "Promoting Local Innovations"
methodology developed by the Centre for Development and Environment at the
University of Bernwill be applied to ensure the participation of key stakeholders
and the long-term sustainability of the plan.Baseline studies will be conducted to
provide reliable,current information into the importance of, and impact suffered
by, the biodiversity in Lomas de Asia. The studies will complement existing
information and inform the design of the Area Management Plan and future
research.To ensure the sustainability of the project, partnerships will be
established with key local, national and international institutions and formalized
through the signing of mutual agreements.Overall, the Area Management Plan will
deliversignificant biodiversity positive outcomes through five project activities
detailed below.
1. Conservation and restoration activities will result inan increase in vegetation
cover and fog water capture leading to an overallhealthier lomas ecosystem; an
increase inbiodiversity and the protection of key endemic species; improved
well-being of local communities and the general public through access to an
area of natural beauty for recreation and greateraccess to fresh water; and
contribution towardscarbon sequestration throughthe reforestation of native
trees.
2. Sustainable development activities will improvethe livelihoods of local
communities through the development and support of alternative incomegenerating activities that sustainably use the lomas’ natural resources (e.g.
eco-tourism, bee-keeping and Tara production).
3. Policy support will enable the establishment of Lomas de Asia as a Private
Conservation Area(or similar legal scheme ensuring its long-term protection).
4. Environmental education activities will lead to greater awareness about the
importance and vulnerability of lomas ecosystems among local stakeholders,
policy makers and the wider community.
5. Applied research will enable greater knowledge on lomas biodiversity, land use
changes and socio-economic factors that threaten the area, helping to protect
it and inform the development of future conservation initiatives.
2. Area Characteristics
Lomas de Asia is located along Peru´s arid coastline in the Asia district of Cañete
province andis one of the best preserved and most extensive Lomasin greater
Lima. Covering 777 hectares, it lies in the Atacama-Sechura Deserts ecoregion at
latitude 12°47'10.01"S and longitude 76°28'59.54"W. Known as ‘desert
meadows’,Lomas ecosystems formon coastal hills as dense fog blown in on Pacific
winds during the wet season condenses, providing moisture for unique and
adundantbiodiversity to flourish. Due to seasonal variations in humidity, native
species such astheCriticallyEndangeredMito tree (Vasconcelleacandicans), Cactus
Canastero bird (Pseudasthenescactorum),Near Threatened Tiger Pacific Iguana
(Microlophustigris), and Andean Fox (Lycalopexculpaeus)exhibit unique
morphological and physiological adaptations, as well as rare interactions and
dependencies. Alongside arich biodiversity, the area includes 7 preHispanicarchaeological sites and a 30m² restroom facility building.
3. Area Manager
The Lomas de Asia area will be managed by A Rocha Peru, in close collaboration
with the rural community of Asia who owns the land. A Memorandum of
Understanding will be signed by the time of registration between the two parties,
naming the National Project Coordinator of A Rocha Peru, Ramón CasanaAraujo, as
the Area Manager. A Letter of Commitment for Inter-Institutional
Cooperationdemonstrating the established relationship between A Rocha Peru and
the Asia rural community can be found in Annex 1.
A Rocha Peru is a Christian, non-profit Peruvian organisation committed to the
environment, and a member of the global family of A Rocha International
(www.arocha.org/peru). We work with local partners to carry out activities in
conservation, environmental education, and applied research, and aim to restore
harmony between people and nature and ensure the well-being of all creation by
enabling a responsible relationship with the environment.A Rocha Peru takes a
holistic approach, linking the objectives of conservation and ecological restoration
with improving the wellbeing and livelihoods of local populations. Projects
arealways highly participatory, developed in partnership with local stakeholders,
and long-sighted, to ensure their sustainability.
Since 2009, A Rocha Peru has implemented a successful community reforestation
project in the dry forests of Ica, along the southern coast, where it has reforested
26,000 native trees. We are currently replicating this success with an ecological
restoration project in the dry forests of Trujillo, in northern Peru. Both projects
have involved the design and implementation of conservation plans, and have been
managed by prospective Area Manager, Ramón CasanaAraujo. In addition, we have
conducted a comprehensive base-line study into the biodiversity and socioeconomic context of the Lomas ecosystems in the greater Lima area, and forged
strong alliances withkey local stakeholders including Peruvian universities and the
Asia rural community, which will provide a strong basis for developing an Area
Management Plan.
Ramón CasanaAraujohas been A Rocha Peru´s National Project Coordinator since
2010, and an active member of the organisation since 2006.Trained as a Biologist,
with Masters Studies in Environmental Management, Ramon has designed and
managed a number of successful community-based conservation projects along the
Peruvian coast and has directed regional conservation groups, such as Grupo Aves
delPerú. Ramon has significant experience in leading research, conservation and
communityengagement activities.
Since 2011, the Asia rural communityhas mobilized to restore Lomas de Asia, with
financial and in-kind support from local businesses and community members. To
date, 400 trees have been planted on one hectare of land, irrigated by ‘fog
catchers’ specially designed to mimic the trees’ ability to capture water. Plans are
underway to increase reforestation activities; however anintegratedArea
Management Plan, informed and supported by necessarybase-line studies and
institutional partnerships, is now needed to ensure that Lomas de Asiais
sustainably managed and protected, andimproves the well-being of surrounding
local communities in the long-term.
To facilitate this process, A Rocha Peru will designan area-based Biodiversity
Management Plan using the “Open Standards for the Practice of
Conservation”developed by the Conservation Measures Partnership. In addition,
the "Promoting Local Innovations" methodology developed by the Centre for
Development and Environment at the University of Bern, Switzerland, will be
applied to identify and support, jointly with relevant stakeholders and local
community members, alternative income-generating activities that sustainably
manage the Lomas’ natural resources.
4. Rapid Biodiversity Assessment
In March andApril 2012, a Rapid Biodiversity Assessment of Lomas de Asia was
conducted by the Centre for Biodiversity and Ecology (CEBIO) at the University of
La Molina in Lima. Despite being undertaken in the dry-season, when humidity and
therefore vegetation cover is at its lowest, the study found a high level of
biodiversity for the season and size of area assessed. A wet-season study is now
needed to complete this assessment, and can reasonably be expected to reveal a
much higher level of biodiversity.
Below is a preliminary list of registered plant species recorded in the dry season at
Lomas de Asia.Overall, the study findsabundant and diverse florawiththe presence
of 26 vascular plant species, including 15 herbaceous species, 6 shrubs, 2 cacti,
and 3 tree species including Caesalpiniaspinosa(Tara),Acacia aff. macracantha and
Vasconcelleacandicans(Mito). The latter Mito tree, a species considered Critically
Endangered under national law,has since been found to be naturally regenerating
in Lomas de Asia. Puyasp.andCaesalpiniaspinosawere also found to be in good
condition in the higher, rocky areas of Lomas de Asia, and in better condition than
in other lomas.
Family
1. Acanthaceae
2. Amaranthaceae
3. Amaranthaceae
4. Apiaceae
5. Asteraceae
6. Asteraceae
7. Asteraceae
8. Asteraceae
9. Asteraceae
10. Boraginaceae
11. Bromeliaceae
12. Cactaceae
13. Cactaceae
14. Caricaceae
15. Euphorbiaceae
16. Euphorbiaceae
17. Euphorbiaceae
18. Fabaceae
19. Fabaceae
20. Lamiaceae
21. Papaveraceae
22. Piperaceae
23. Sapindaceae
24. Scrophulariaceae
25. Solanaceae
26. Solanaceae
ScientificName
Diclipterasp.
Alternantherasp.
Amaranthussp.
Cyclospermussp.
Ageratinasp.
Asteraceaesp.
Gamochaetasp.
Ophryosporussp.
Trixisaff. cacalioides
Heliotropiumsp.
Puya sp.
Armatocereussp.
Cactaceaesp.
Vasconcelleacandicans
Chamaesycesp.
Crotonalnifolius
Euphorbiasp.
Acacia aff. macracantha
Caesalpiniaspinosa
Salvia sp.
Argemone sp.
Peperomiasp.
Serjaniasp.
Linariaaff. canadensis
Nicotianapaniculata
Solanumsp.
Form of growth
HerbaceousPlant
HerbaceousPlant
Shrub
HerbaceousPlant
Shrub
Shrub
HerbaceousPlant
Shrub
Shrub
HerbaceousPlant
HerbaceousPlant
Cactus
Cactus
Tree(Mito)
HerbaceousPlant
Shrub
HerbaceousPlant
Tree
Tree(Tara)
HerbaceousPlant
HerbaceousPlant
HerbaceousPlant
HerbaceousPlant
HerbaceousPlant
HerbaceousPlant
HerbaceousPlant
In addition to the 26 plants recorded during the dry season, 7furtherplant species
are regularly sighted during the wet season(see the‘Flora’ section of theLomas de
Asia leafletin Annex 2). These plants include two species of Begonia (Begonia
geraniifolia and Begonia octopetala), two species of Nettle (Nasa urens and Loasa
nitida); the Slipper flower (Calceolaria pinnata);Malva (Urocarpidium peruvianum)
and the emblematic Flower of Amancaes (Ismeneamancaes) depicted below. Whilst
this increases the total of sighted plant species to 33, it is expected that a
complete wet season study would reveal a much greater diversity of flora.
The dry season evaluation also records a high level of of vertebrate species for the
size of area assessed, which again would be expected to be much higher with
complete base-line study investigations.
The preliminary assessment of avifauna recorded a total of eightbird species
belonging to six families fromthree orders. Passeriformes were the most
represented order, with five species from four families, followed by Falconiformes
with two species from one family, and Strigiformes with one species. The most
representedspecies
in
the
areaincludedthe
Vermilion
Flycatcher
(Pyrocephalusrubinus), the Thick-billed Miner (Geosittacrassirostris), the Bandedtailed Sierra Finch (Phrygilusalaudinus), the AplomadoFalcon (Falco femoralis) and
the Burrowing Owl (Athenecunicularia). The birds recorded include carnivorous,
granivorous and insectivorous species, making the bird community fundamental to
the maintenance of the area’s ecosystem.An additional falcon species (Peregrine
Falcon Falco peregrinus) is often sighted in the area, (see ‘Fauna section’ in Annex
2) but was not recorded in the dry season study, and increases the total of sighted
bird species to nine.
In total, the dry season study recordedfour species of mammals fromtwo orders
and threefamilies; which is average for the time of yearand high for the size of
area assessed.Three of these species are from the Rodentiaorder, with two
Phyllotisspecies found, including the Friendly Leaf-eared Mouse(Phyllotis amicus).
The Andean Fox (Lycalopexculpaeus), the largest Lycalopex species, is vulnerable
to unregulated hunting for their pelts, and perceived as a threat to livestock. The
Northern Vizcacha (Lagidiumperuanum),a member of the chinchilla family, was
considered endemic to Peru until it was sightedby Werner and colleagues (2006)
inEcuador’s Loja province in 2005. Other mammals not recorded in the study, but
sighted in the area include the Near Threatened Coastal fox
(Pseudolopexsechurae)depicted below, and the Near Threatened felid Colocolo
(Oncifelis colocolo), increasing the total of sighted mammal species to six.
Of the two reptile species recorded, both the Tiger Pacific Iguana
(Microlophustigris),and the Desert Lancehead Snake (Bothropspictus) are
protected by national law, with the former considered Near Threatened and the
latter listed as Vulnerable.Below is a preliminary list of all registered vertebrate
species (birds, mammals and reptiles) recorded in the dry season.
Order
Family
Falconiformes Falconidae
Furnariidae
Passeriformes
Strigiformes
Carnivora
Rodentia
Serpentes
Squamata
Troglodytidae
Thraupidae
Tyrannidae
Strigidae
Canidae
Cricetidae
Chinchillidae
Viperidae
Tropiduridae
Scientific Name
Common Name
Falco femoralis
Falco sparverius
Geosittacrassirostris
Pseudasthenescactorum
Troglodytesaedon
Phrygilus alaudinus
Pyrocephalusrubinus
Athenecunicularia
Lycalopexculpaeus
Phyllotissp.
Phyllotisamicus
Lagidiumperuanum
Bothropspictus
Microlophustigris
Aplomado Falcon
American Kestrel
Thick-billedMiner
Cactus Canastero
HouseWren
Banded-tailed Sierra Finch
VermilionFlycatcher
BurrowingOwl
Andean Fox
Mouse
FriendlyLeaf-eared Mouse
Northern Vizcacha
DesertLancehead Snake
Tiger Pacific Iguana
In addition to these vertebrate species, a total of 60terrestrial arthropod species
are recorded, revealing a veryhigh species level given the low vegetation cover
and resource scarcity in the dry season. In particular, the study identifies the
following groups, with number of species recorded in parentheses: Lepidoptera
(9), Cicadellidae (2), Aphididae (1), Nabidae (1), Delphacidae (1), Psyllidae (1),
Cerambycidae (1), Coccinellidae (1), Bostrichdae (1), Carabidae (1), Mordellidae
(1), Chrysomelidae (1), Tenebrionidae (1), Diptera (4), Terevidae (1), Tachinidae
(2), Asilidae (1), Gryllidae (3), Vespoidae (5), Formicidae (6), Microavispa (1),
Araneae (10), Scorpionida (1), Thysanura (1), Isopoda (1), and Others (2).
BioSWOTAnaylsis
STRENGTHS:
-
One of the best preserved and most extensive Lomas ecosystems within
thegreater Lima area.
Significant endemic biodiversity, withcritical populations of certainendangered
species.
Natural
regeneration
of
the
Critically
Endangered
Mito
tree(Vasconcelleacandicans).
High levels of community engagementin local conservation activities.
Locally-led reforestation and restoration activities are already underway.
Fog catchers to help capture water and enable the restoration of the lomas
biodiversity are already installed.
Some research studies already carried out by Peruvian universities.
WEAKNESSES:
-
Inappropriate use of renewablenaturalresources by local communities through
overgrazing, illegal logging for construction materials and fuel, and hunting.
Resulting loss of vegetation cover has reduced the natural capture of fog water.
Remaining cover is predominantly herbaceous andinsufficient to allow natural
recovery of all species.
Insufficientand incomplete research conducted to date, including a lack of
information on wet-season biodiversity; the role of vegetation in fog water
harvesting;alternative local water sources; and the socio-economic context.
Insufficient technological mechanisms in placeto support ecological restoration.
OPPORTUNITIES:
-
Interest from the Asia rural community in establishing the Lomas de Asia as a
formal Private Conservation Area(or similar legal scheme ensuring its long-term
protection).
Great potential for a relatively quick ecological restoration of the lomas
ecosystem through the planting of native trees and shrubs, and installation of
fog catchers.
Great potential tosustainably manage and protect the lomas biodiversity
through the development of alternative income-generating activities for local
communities,
such as
from eco-tourism, beekeeping and Tara
(Caesalpiniaspinosa)production.
-
High potential for eco-tourism development due to easy access and close
proximity to Lima (only 103km south of Lima) and nearby beach resorts (8km
west of resorts).
Opportunity to provide an alternative source of tourism during the wet season,
when visitors to Asia’s beaches are at their lowest.
Local reforestation activities have focused on planting Tara trees whose pods
and round black seeds can be processed to make environmentally friendly
tannins used in furniture leather, and gum used in convenience foods.
Great potential for local private sector funding.
Great experience of Peruvian universities and research teams in the lomas
ecosystem.
THREATS:
-
Unsustainable use of the lomasnatural resources by local communities:
overgrazing, illegal logging for construction materials and fuel, and hunting.
Extraction of non-metallic materials, such as clay for producing ceramics by
local private companies.
Introduction of invasive species.
Local population growth is placing greater pressure on Lomas de Asia, as
demand for land and natural resources to construct new houses increases.
Increased value and demand for land belonging to the Asia rural community for
beach tourism may place greater pressure on Lomas de Asia for other land uses.
Climate Changeleads to an increase in coastal temperatures, the reduction of
the formation of coastal fog clouds and therefore the reduction of the available
fog water needed to sustain lomas biodiversity.
5. Work Plan for Planning & Registration
1. BASE-LINE STUDIES
Baseline studies will provide current information into the importance of, and
impact suffered by, the biodiversity in Lomas de Asia. Diverse experts will be
contracted to conduct reliable studies that complement existing information and
inform the design of the Area Management Plan and future research. Base-line
studies will involve the following:
a) Compilation and review of existing current and historical information onLomas
de Asia.
b) Complete biodiversity assessment of flora, fauna and vegetation cover in all
seasons;
c) Evaluation of economic value ofnatural resources and environmental services
available in Lomas de Asia for potential use in the project;
d) Socioeconomic assessment of the surrounding local communities in Asia and
analysis of relevant stakeholders.
e) Assessment of land use changes in Lomas de Asia and its surrounding areas and
design of future scenarios on the lomas ecosystem with and without the
implementation of the proposed project (aerial photos, remote sensing, GIS);
2. ORGANISE, PLAN AND DESIGN AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN
The Area Management Plan will be designed using the ‘Open Standards for the
Practice of Conservation’ developed by the Conservation Measures Partnership,
and accompanying MIRADI software. In addition, A Rocha Peru will apply the
"Promoting Local Innovations" methodology developed by the Centre for
Development and Environment at the University of Bern, Switzerland, ensuring the
participation of key local stakeholders and the long-term sustainability of the plan.
Steps taken in this process will include:
a) Application of the ‘Promoting Local Innovations’ methodology to identify and
support alternative income-generating activities that sustainablyuse lomas’
natural resources.
b) Market analysis and business plan development into natural resource products
that could potentially provide alternative income for local communities;
c) Team training in the ‘Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation’ and use
of MIRADI software;
d) Design of Area Management Plan: stakeholder and BioSWOT analysis;designofa
Conceptual
Model;evaluation
and
prioritization
of
threats
and
opportunities;definition of the general objective, specific objectives, activities
and expected results;identification of risks and assumptions;
e) Development of a plan for monitoring, evaluation and communication of results
and best practices;
3. BUILDING INSTITUTIONAL PARTNERSHIPS
To ensure the sustainability of the project, partnerships will be established with
different national and private institutions, local businesses and international
partners that strengthen the project objectives. Partnerships will be formalized
through the signing of mutual agreements in order to ensure the participation and
cooperation of all stakeholders. Activities for this will include:
a) Strengthening of existing and/or development of community groups and
associations that will be involved in the conservation, sustainable management,
and economic valuation of Lomas de Asia;
b) Establishing strategic alliances with local, private and state institutions;
c) Engaging with Peruvian and foreign universities and research groups;
d) Identifying potential additional national and international partners for the
project.
Budget
Amount Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
in US$
1. BASE-LINE STUDIES
Biodiversitystudies
6000
Economicvaluationstudies
3000
Socio-economicstudies
3000
Land use change studies and scenarios
5000
Contingencies
1190
Sub-total (1)
18190
2. DESIGN OF AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN
Application of 'Promoting Local Innovations' methodology
7000
Market analysis and business plan
5000
Planning and development of the Area Management Plan
5500
Contingencies
1225
Sub-total (2)
18725
3. BUILDING INSTITUTIONAL PARTNERSHIPS
Development of partneragreements
1500
Communicationscosts and materials
1000
Contingencies
Sub-total (3)
175
2675
4. OPERATING EXPENSES
Project Coordinator
8130
Executive Director
2846
Communications and DevelopmentOfficer
4136
Accountancy and Administration
3270
Scientific and operational support from A Rocha International
7000
Contingencies
1777
Sub-total (4)
27159
SUB-TOTAL (1-4)
66749
Overheads (10% of Sub-total 1-4)
Monitoring (4% of Sub-total 1-4)
TOTAL
6675
2670
76094
6. Biodiversity-Positive Outcomes
Overall, the Area Management Plan will deliversignificant biodiversity positive
outcomes through five project activities detailed below.
1) Conservation and restoration activities will result inan increase in vegetation
cover and fog water capture leading to an overallhealthier lomas ecosystem; an
increase inbiodiversity and the protection of key endemic species; improved
well-being of local communities and the general public through access to an
area of natural beauty for recreation and greater access to fresh water; and
contribution towardscarbon sequestration throughthe reforestation of native
trees.
2) Sustainable development activities will improvethe livelihoods of local
communities through the development and support of alternative incomegenerating activities that sustainably use the lomas’ natural resources (e.g.
eco-tourism, bee-keeping and Tara production).
3) Policy support will enable the establishment of Lomas de Asia as a Private
Conservation Area(or similar legal scheme ensuring its long-term protection).
4) Environmental education activities will lead to greater awareness about the
importance and vulnerability of lomas ecosystems among local stakeholders,
policy makers and the wider community.
5) Applied research will enable greater knowledge on lomas biodiversity, land use
changes and socio-economic factors that threaten the area, helping to protect
it and inform the development of future conservation initiatives.
7. Letter of Support
8. Area Photos
(1) An aerial view of Lomas de Asia
(2) The Lomas de Asialandscape
(3) The Flower of Amancae (Ismeneamancaes)
(4) The Near Threatened Coastal Fox (Pseudolopex sechurae)
Annex 1:Letter of Commitment forInter-institutional Cooperation between A
Rocha Peru and the Asia rural community (La ComunidadCampesina de Asia).
Annex 2: Lomas de Asia leaflet produced by the Asia rural community.