TREATMENT

‫كيفية إنشاء منشور دعائي‬
When H. pylori infection is
present:
@ combinations of 2
‫لطباعة (والمحافظة على) إرشادات المنشور الدعائي‬
antibiotics (e.g.
."‫انقر فوق "طباعة سريعة‬
Clarithromycin,
Amoxicillin, Tetracycline,
‫يمكنكإنشاء منشور دعائي احترافي باستخدام هذا‬
‫ ثم‬،"‫ قم باإلشارة إلى "طباعة" من القائمة "ملف‬،‫هذه‬
:‫ فيما يلي كيفية ذلك‬.‫القالب‬
Metronidazole) and 1 proton
pump inhibitor (PPI),
Peptic
‫ في مكان‬ulcer
‫قم بإدراج الكلمات خاصة بك‬
1.
sometimes together with a
bismuth compound.

‫ باستخدام أنماط الفقرات‬،‫هذه الكلمات‬
‫المعينة مسبقا ً أو من خالل إعادة‬
.‫ترتيبها‬
In complicated, treatmentresistant cases, 3 antibiotics
(e.g. amoxicillin +
clarithromycin +
metronidazole) may be used
together with a PPI and
sometimes with bismuth
compound.

An effective first-line
therapy for uncomplicated
KING SAUD UNIVERSITY
cases would be Amoxicillin
+ Metronidazole +
Rabeprazole (a PPI).

‫ بشك ٍل‬2 ‫ و‬1 ‫قم بطباعة الصفحات‬
.rettel ‫متتالي على ورق متين بحجم‬
3.
‫قم بطي الورقة كرسالة إلنشاء منشور‬
‫دعائي ثالثي الطي (تكون اللوحة‬
.)‫المتضمنة الصورة الكبيرة في المقدمة‬
‫ما الذييجب أنأعرفه أيضاً؟‬
Pharmacy collage
In the absence of H. pylori,
long-term higher dose PPIs
are often used.
2.
Hospital pharmacy course
‫ حدد النص بواسطة وضع‬،‫إلنشاء نمط أية فقرة‬
‫نمطا ً من‬ ‫ حدد‬Introduction.
‫ ثم‬.‫المؤشر في أي مكان في الفقرة‬
‫األدوات‬‫شريط‬Classification.
‫المقطع "التنسيق السريع" على‬
."‫"كتابة‬
Signs & Symptoms.

Complications.

Diagnosis.

Treatment.
DIAGNOSIS
An esophagogastroduodenoscopy
(EGD), a form of endoscopy, also known
as a gastroscopy, is carried out on
patients in whom a peptic ulcer is
suspected. By direct visual identification,
the location and severity of an ulcer can
be described. Moreover, if no ulcer is
present, EGD can often provide an
alternative diagnosis.
The diagnosis of Helicobacter pylorican
be made by:






Urea breath test (noninvasive
and does not require EGD).
Direct culture from an EGD
biopsy specimen; this is
difficult to do, and can be
expensive. Most labs are not set
up to perform H. pylori
cultures.
Direct detection of urease
activity in a biopsy specimen by
rapid urease test.
Measurement of antibody levels
in blood (does not require
EGD). It is still somewhat
controversial whether a positive
antibody without EGD is
enough to warrant eradication
therapy.
Stool antigen test.
Histological examination and
staining of an EGD biopsy.
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

abdominal
pain
(duodenal
INTRODUCTION

A peptic ulcer, also known as
ulcers are classically relieved
by food, while gastric ulcers are
ulcus pepticum, PUD or peptic
ulcer disease, is an ulcer
exacerbated by it).
bloating and abdominal
(defined as mucosal erosions
equal to or greater than 0.5 cm)
fullness.
of an area of the gastrointestinal

nausea, and lots of vomiting.
tract.

loss of appetite and weight loss.

hematemesis (vomiting of
blood).
associated with Helicobacter
pylori, however only 20% of

Melena ( dark blood in stools
or stools that are black or
tarry).
those cases go to a doctor.




Gastrointestinal bleeding ( the
most common complication).
Perforation (a hole in the wall).
Perforation at:
@ the anterior surface of the
stomach leads to acute peritonitis,
the first sign is abdominal pain.
@ Posterior wall perforation leads
to pancreatitis; pain in this situation
often radiates to the back.


Penetration (when the ulcer
continues into adjacent organs
such as the liver and pancreas).
Pyloric stenosis.
Ulcers can also be caused or
worsened by drugs such as
aspirin and other NSAIDs.
COMPLICATIONS

As much as 80% of ulcers are
CLASSIFICATION
A peptic ulcer may arise at various
locations:




Stomach (called gastric ulcer)
Duodenum (called duodenal
ulcer)
Esophagus (called esophageal
ulcer)
Meckel's Diverticulum (called
Meckel's Diverticulum ulcer)