Portage connectivity does not predict establishment success of canoe-mediated dispersal for
crustacean zooplankton
Submitted to Aquatic Ecology
Authors: Ashley D. Stasko, Theresa Patenaude, Angela L. Strecker, and Shelley E. Arnott
Author for Correspondence: Shelley E. Arnott, Queen’s University, arnotts@queensu.ca
ONLINE RESOURCE 1 Total abundance (#), species richness, and Simpson’s diversity in cattle tanks
seeded with zooplankton rinsed from the hulls of canoes after simulated portage durations of 5, 10, 15,
20, and 30 min, as well as controls (did not receive zooplankton) after a 6 week incubation
Richness
Simpson’s
Diversity
11
17
8
6
7
5
0.78
0.76
0.69
5 min
107
35
28 535
979
9 560
5
5
13
5
4
0.58
0.54
0.69
0.48
0.21
10 min
5 244
6 833
3 615
56
9 180
4
5
5
7
5
0.06
0.32
0.34
0.68
0.11
15 min
142
675
133
1 844
2 466
4
8
9
8
3
0.25
0.50
0.72
0.46
0.14
20 min
48
30
140
1 427
110 620
1
5
7
9
6
0
0.59
0.64
0.74
0.07
30 min
25
3 902
4 707
17 175
4 705
5
1
3
9
4
0.59
0
0.05
0.70
0.06
Control
914
34
18
297
1
5
5
2
8
1
0.25
0.60
0.50
0.75
0
Treatment
Initial Hull Samples
Total
Abundance (#)
ONLINE RESOURCE 2 Results of single-factor ANOVAs of log10-transformed richness, Simpson’s
diversity, log10-transformed first (PCA1) and second (PCA2) principal components analysis axis scores,
and log10-transformed abundances by treatment. Results from ANOVAs (p(ANOVA)) were combined with
ordered heterogeneity tests (Rice and Gaines 1994) to yield an rsPc statistic and a corresponding p(OH) that
tests against directional alternative hypotheses (significant at p < 0.05)
Type of ANOVA
Between
Groups DF
Within
Groups DF
F
P(ANOVA)
rsPc
P(OH)
Richness
Normal ANOVA
6
26
0.62
0.71
0.24
0.26
Simpson's diversity
Normal ANOVA
6
26
1.18
0.35
0.19
0.32
PCA1 axis scores
Normal ANOVA
6
26
3.75
0.008
0.005
0.96
PCA2 axis scores
Welch's ANOVA
6
26
5.64
0.008
0.014
0.94
Abundance
Welch’s ANOVA
5
24
1.32
0.32
0.15
0.44
ONLINE RESOURCE 3 Presence (+) of crustacean zooplankton species in George Lake (combined data of this study and Schartau et al. 2007)
and in initial samples rinsed from canoes hulls (2009), as well as the treatment frequency, global frequency, and highest relative abundance at
which each species occurred. Cyclopoid copepods were only identified to species for one pond per treatment, thus only presence and the relative
abundance at which they occurred is noted. Treatment and global frequencies were instead calculated for the pooled category Unidentified
Cyclopoid spp. Blank spaces indicate the species was not found in that treatment. Species codes used in ordination biplots of principal components
analyses scores (Fig. 3, Fig. 4) are also indicated
Species
Code
Initial
Samples
Treatment Frequency
George
Lake
5 min
10 min
15 min
20 min
30 min
0.8
0.6
0.6
1
0.6
Global
Frequency
Highest
Relative
Abundance
0.72
>50%
0.04
1-10%
0.08
1-10%
0.04
1-10%
0.2
10-50%
0.08
10-50%
0.08
1-10%
0.04
1-10%
Control
CLADOCERA
Bosminidae
Bosmina sp. Baird a
Bos
Bos sp.
+
+
Eubosmina (Neobosmina) tubicen (Brehm)
Chydoridae
0.2
Chy
Acroperus harpae (Baird)
+
Alona affinis (Leydig)
+
Alona bicolor Frey
+
Alona costata Sars
+
Alona gutatta Sars
Alo gut
+
Alona rectangula Sars
Alonella acutirostris Birge
Alonella exigua (Fischer)
+
a
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
+
All acu
+
+
+
Alonella nana Baird
Chydorus piger (Sars)
0.2
0.2
0.2
+
pooled group including B. leideri De Melo and Hebert, and B. (Eubosmina) freyi De Melo and Hebert
0.2
Species
Code
Initial
Samples
5 min
Chydorus sphaericus Müller
Eurycercus lamullatus Müller
+
Pleroxus hastatus Sars
Highest
Relative
Abundance
10 min
0.24
10-50%
0.2
10-50%
0.2
0.16
>50%
0.2
0.08
1-10%
0.04
>50%
0.04
1-10%
0.4
0.04
1-10%
15 min
20 min
30 min
Control
0.6
0.2
0.2
0.2
+
Eur lam
0.2
Monospilus dispar Sars
Global
Frequency
Treatment Frequency
George
Lake
+
Plx has
Rhynchotalona falcata Sars
0.4
+
+
+
+
0.6
0.2
0.4
Daphniidae
Daphnia (Daphnia) ambigua Scourfield
Dph amb
Daphnia (Hyalodaphnia) mendotae Birge
Dph men
Scapholeberis kingi (Sars)
Sca kin
0.2
+
0.2
0.4
Holopedidae
Holopedium glacialis Rowe b
+
0.2
Macrothricidae
Acantholeberis curvirostris (O.F.M.)
Ophryoxus gracilis Sars
+
Oph gra
+
0.2
Ilyocryptidae
Ilyocryptus spinifer Herrick
+
Polyphemidae
Polyphemus pediculus (Linnaeus)
Sididae
Pol ped
+
+
0.2
1
1
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.16
>50%
0.8
0.8
0.4
0.92
>50%
Sid
Diaphanosoma birgei Kořínek
+
Latona setifera (O.F.M.)
+
Sida crystallina (O.F.M.)
b
0.2
Sida cry
previously referred to as H. gibberum (Rowe 2000)
+
+
1
Species
Code
Initial
Samples
Treatment Frequency
George
Lake
Global
Frequency
Highest
Relative
Abundance
5 min
10 min
15 min
20 min
30 min
Control
+
0.6
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.52
>50%
+
0.8
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.4
0.8
0.6
10-50%
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.2
10-50%
+
+
+
+
COPEPODA
Nauplii
+
Copepodid
Harpacticoida
Harpacticoid sp.
+
Calanoida
Epischura lacustris S.A. Forbes
Leptodiaptomas minutus Lilljeborg
+
Lep min
Skistodiaptomus oregonensis Lilljeborg
+
+
Cyclopoida
Acanthocyclops sp. Fischer c
Diacyclops bicuspidatus thomasi Forbes
Eucyclops elegans Herrick
+
+
+
+
>50%
+
d
+
10-50%
Eucyclops prinophorus Kiefer
+
Macrocyclops albidus (Jurine)
+
Mesocyclops edax S.A. Forbes
+
+
Microcyclops rubellus (Lilljeborg)
+
+
1-10%
Orthocyclops modestus Herrick
+
Paracyclops fimbriatus poppei Rehberg
+
+
>50%
Tropocyclops extensus Kiefer
+
Unidentified Cyclopoid sp.
Cyclo sp.
+
0.6
0.4
0.8
0.6
+
<1%
+
1-10%
0.4
0.8
0.56
100%
c Includes
members of the Acanthocyclops vernalis complex. According to Hudson et al. (1998), A. brevispinosus and A. robustus are the only two
species that can be positively differentiated in Ontario, however difficulties in distinguishing even these two necessitated the pooling of
species to genus level.
d formerly referred to as E. serrulatus (Hudson et al. 1998)