Table 3. Parents’ and medical doctors’ responses to the questionnaire on the administration of intranasal ketamine and midazolam (table A) and placebo (table B) via a mucosal atomiser device A Question Parents (n) Score (median) Range Doctors*/ nurses** (n) Score (median) Range Helped 19 10 10 -10 5/3 10 10-10 Level of child’s outlook 19 8.9 7-10 5/3 8 7-9 Level of parents’ outlook 19 9.1 8-10 5/3 9.5 9-10 Level of doctors’ outlook - - 5/3 8.5 8-10 Level of child’s tolerance of procedures 19 8.7 7-10 5/3 8.2 7-9 Would recommend to other parents 19 9.3 9-10 - - Would recommend to other doctors - - 5/3 9.4 9-10 Would like to see MAD used routinely 19 9.8 9-10 5/3 10 10 Made the procedure more acceptable - - - 5/3 10 10 The use of INMK by MAD: B Question Parents (n) Score (median) Range Doctors*/ nurses** (n) Score (median) Range Helped 19 5 3-7 5/3 3 2-4 Level of child’s outlook 19 5.8 5-7 5/3 3 2-4 Level of parents’ outlook 19 4.9 3-7 5/3 5 3-7 Level of doctors’ outlook - - 5/3 4 3-5 Level of child’s tolerance of procedures 19 8.5 7-10 5/3 8 7-9 Would recommend to other parents 19 4 3-6 - - Would recommend to other doctors - - 5/3 3 1-5 Would like to see MAD used routinely 19 4 3-6 5/3 3 1-5 Made the procedure more acceptable - - - 5/3 3 1-5 The use of intranasal sedation (placebo) by MAD: *5 unbiased medical doctors were involved in the painful or diagnostic procedures carried out in the study. *3 unbiased nurses were involved in the painful or diagnostic procedures carried out in the study. INKM, intranasal midazolam and ketamine MAD, mucosal atomiser device.