BIOLOGY SEMESTER 1 FINAL REVIEW SHEET
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What is the scientific method? _____________________________________________________
A variable is ____________________________________________________________________
What is the difference between data and a conclusion? _________________________________
The components of a nucleotide are ________________, _______________, and ____________
What happens during interphase? __________________________________________________
The two particles that make up the atomic mass of an element are __________ and __________
What do scientists do with the results of their experiment? ______________________________
The nucleus of an atom contains _______________________ and ________________________
What do Mendel’s 3 Laws state? ___________________________________________________
What is crossing over? ____________________________________________________________
In DNA, the amount of guanine is equal to ___________ and thymine is equal to _____________
What happens during telophase?___________________________________________________
Replicate this mRNA strand: GAGUUCACGAAG ________________________________________
Translate it __________________________________
What are its anticodons? _______, _________, _________, and _________
Cellular respiration occurs in the _______________________________
If a gene has two of the same alleles, it is called ________________________
The building blocks of RNA are called ___________________
Electrons move around the nucleus in regions called _________________________
The temporary energy storage molecules of cellular respiration are _________ and __________
RNA is produced during the process of _______________________
_____________________ builds up in your muscles after strenuous exercise
What organelle regulates what enters and leaves the cell? ____________________
What does it mean to have multiple alleles? __________________________________________
The molecule ___________________ traps the energy from sunlight
As a cell becomes larger, its _____________ increases faster than its ____________________
When do chromosomes form tetrads? _____________________________
DNA nucleotides are made up of ________________, ________________, and _____________
Chromosomes become visible during _____________________
Cells that require lots of energy contain lots of which organelle? ______________________
What happens during the cell cycle? ________________________________________________
Water passes into a cell by the process called ________________________
What type of RNA carries amino acids to their correct codons? ________________
The Calvin Cycle occurs where in the cell? _________________________
Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic because _____________________________
In fruit flies, red eyes (R) are dominant to brown (r) and normal spines (S) are dominant to spineless
(s). If two heterozygous flies mate, the probable ratio of offspring with brown eyes and spineless is
________________
The end product of glycolysis is _______________________
A carbon atom can share ______________ electrons.
The gamete that contains a female’s genes is __________________
The Calvin cycle needs to turn _________ times to form one glucose molecule.
Why do our cells need to perform cellular respiration? __________________________________
What is a valence electron? _______________________________________________________
For seed color, red (R) is dominant to colorless (r). In a Rr x Rr cross, what percent is homozygous
recessive? _________________
44. The cell membrane is made up of a(n) _______________ __________________
45. The symbol that represents the number of chromosomes in a haploid cell is _____________
46. In horses, a blaze (B) is dominant to no blaze (b) and coarse hair (C) is dominant to silky hair (c).
What is the phenotype of a horse with the genotype BBcc? ______________________________
47. DNA is replicated during the ________ phase of the cell cycle
48. Provide an example of a genotype for an organism the is heterozygous ____________________
49. What organelle digests other worn-out organelles? ______________________
50. DNA contains the nitrogen bases __________, ___________, ____________, and ___________
51. BS, Bs, bS, and bs are the possible gamete combinations for the genotype ____________
52. Watson and Crick suggested that the structure of DNA is _________________________
53. What molecule is copied during replication? __________________
54. During the ________ phase of mitosis, chromosomes form two groups near the poles of the spindle.
55. Animals store glucose in the form of ____________ and plants store it in the form of _________
56. Name some examples of carbohydrates ______________________________________________
57. The order of the phases of mitosis is 1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ___________
58. The 4 components of the cell theory are 1. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 3.
_______________________ 4. ____________________
59. Releasing energy without the presence of oxygen is called ___________________
60. Which organic molecule holds our genetic information? _____________________
61. A testable prediction is a called a(n) ______________________
62. Which forms of cell transport do not use energy? ___________, ___________, and __________
63. The part of an experiment in which all conditions are kept the same is the __________________
64. The equation for photosynthesis is _________ + __________  ____________ + ____________
65. Chloroplasts are associated with what process? ____________________________
66. How do we determine phenotype? _________________________________________________
67. Cellular respiration yields _______ ATP
68. An example of codominance is ____________________
69. What are purines and pyrimidines? _________________________________________________
70. Ribosomes make ___________________
71. Enzymes are an example of what organic molecule? ______________________
72. What organelles do plant cells contain? ______________________________________________
73. How does an autotroph obtain its food? _____________________________________________
74. How is RNA different from DNA? ___________________________________________________
75. In incomplete dominance inheritance, a cross between a red flower (RR) and white flower (rr)
produces __________% pink flowers.
76. Organic compounds always contain __________________
77. Amino acids are the subunits of _____________________
78. An organelle is a structure in a(n) __________________ cell that performs a specific function.
79. The process of _______________ produces gametes.
80. If a parent with type B blood and a parent with type A blood have children that are ½ type AB and ½
type A, the parents’ genotypes are ___________ and _____________
81. Meiosis results in genetically _______________ cells.
82. The 2 main stages of cell division are ______________ and ______________
83. Describe the structure of a phospholipid _____________________________________________
84. Enzymes act on molecules called _____________________
85. Rows in the periodic table are called ______________ and columns are called _______________
86. Yeast cells produce _______________ when they undergo fermentation.