15 September 2014
Kiev
IMPACT OF THE CONFLICT IN LUHANSK AND DONETSK
OBLASTS ON THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC
INFRASTRUCTURE
SUMMARY
This paper presents a summary of the damage assessment in areas affected by the armed conflict of
Luhansk and Donets oblasts in the period since the beginning of the conflict until 14 September
2014.
As of 14 September 2014, 1,968 facilities (including social infrastructure, residential houses, and
enterprises) were reported to receive the damage, amounting to a monetary loss of total UAH 5.958
bn hryvnias, or US$ 440 mln (estimated, without account of unconfirmed damages in the
residential sector, disruption of contracts, and lost profits of business enterprises). Among those
reported 995 facilities are located in Luhansk oblast (UAH 1.094 million), and 783 facilities are in
Donetsk oblast (UAH 3.964 billion). 190 facilities, with an estimated loss of UAH 900 m, belong to
railway infrastructure situated in the territory of both oblasts.
As can be seen in the consolidated table (page 6 and 7), 1230 housing buildings were damaged (667
in Luhansk and 563 in Donetsk oblasts), and this affected the shelter of 6,618 families (including
1,844 in Luhansk oblast and 4,774 in Donetsk oblast). Due to different limitations in determining
the exact number of affected families, the real number of affected families is, most likely, of a
greater scale than presented in this report. Indirectly (by worsened access to public services) the
conflict in Donbass affected the majority of the 6,6 million population of the Donetsk and Luhansk
oblasts. It is worth noting, that the report indicates another 1873 housing buildings damaged
during the conflict, however no verification (geographical/address localization) was possible by the
team of data collectors, and this number remained outside the main analysis in this paper.
659 public infrastructure facilities have been damaged (amounting to financial losses of UAH 5.54
billion), including:

561 social infrastructure facilities, with financial loss of UAH 4.55 billion; including 183 in
Luhansk oblast – UAH 354.0 million, and 188 in Donetsk oblast – UAH 3.637 billion (the
major share accounts for the Donetsk airport – UAH 3.23 billion); losses caused to railway
infrastructure facilities is UAH 566.4 million;

53 bridges – UAH 235.5 million (of them 12 in Luhansk oblast – UAH 89.7 million, and 41 in
Donetsk oblast – UAH 145.8 million);

45 road sections – UAH 750.8 million (including UAH 333.6 million for railways).
1
The damages to public infrastructure per categories and regions are as follows:
Table 1. Damages per categories, in number of facilities (breakdown as of 14.09.2014)
Critical infrastructure*
Donetsk
Lughansk
TOTAL
9
1
10
53
2
55
Bridges (railway, auto and pedestrian)
17
12
29
Hospitals
22
8
30
Schools
26
35
61
Railway
1
2
3
Roads
2
43
45
Bus and train stations
7
5
12
Universities, colleges
7
7
14
Water supply
Electrical lines and infrastructure
Non-critical infrastructure
Dormitories
6
3
9
Kindergartens
11
10
21
Administrative buildings
21
17
38
Cultural institutions (centres, museums etc.)
3
9
12
Libraries
4
3
7
Churches
1
7
8
Sports infrastructure (youth sports centres, stadiums etc.)
6
7
13
Music/art schools
3
1
4
Natural gas related infrastructure
0
2
2
Trade and business facilities (shops, office buildings, hotels, restaurants,
banks, storage facilities etc.)
Production enterprises
17
39
56
0
5
5
Damages to communal property/enterprises (communal markets, parks,
monuments, trolley bus depot, bus stops etc.)
Children camps
11
16
27
0
2
2
Airport
1
1
2
Social care institutions
0
1
1
Sanitary-epidemiological and veterinary stations
TOTAL
Cross-regional railway lines (including 24 bridges)
GRAND TOTAL FOR PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE
3
0
3
231
238
469
190
190
659
*attribution to critical or non-critical infrastructure is analytical and is based on key needs in terms of living
conditions (water, electricity), health, uninterrupted secondary education and mobility.
The damaged facilities can be divided into several categories, shares of which in the total financial
value is following:
1) public infrastructure – 93.05%, including:
-
roads – 12.60% (railways included);
-
bridges – 3.95%;
-
social facilities – 76.50% (schools, preschool educational institutions, public utilities,
administrative buildings, energy facilities, railway infrastructure facilities);
2) residential houses – 6.95 %;
3) enterprises (impact of the conflict upon the work of individual entrepreneurs) – 178
confirmed facts.
2
The number of damaged facilities has increased from 596 to 1,968 since the time of the last report
(prepared on 15 July 2014) by 1,372, or almost four times, and their cost has increased from UAH
4.38 bn to UAH 5.95 bn (by UAH 1.57 bn, or 36.0%). Such a mismatch between the changes in the
number and the cost of the damaged facilities can be explained by the fact that the major share of
financial losses accounts for the Donetsk airport with UAH 3,230.0 million. If this single facility is not
considered, the damaged facilities’ cost growth rate is 136.98%.
The information collected indicates that at least 178 business enterprises have suffered from the
conflict, including 90 in Luhansk oblast and 88 in Donetsk oblast (both damages to buildings and
property, as well as forced downtimes, redundancies, etc.).
The following territories prevail in terms of the number of affected facilities:

in Luhansk oblast – Luhansk city (328 facilities for UAH 314.7 million) and Lysychansk
city (284 facilities for UAH 89.2 million);

in Donetsk oblast – Donetsk city (266 facilities for UAH 3.4 billion), Kramatorsk city (276
facilities for UAH 108.2 million), and if to consider unconfirmed damages, the Slovyansk
city.
Besides, partners informed about damages caused to the residential sector in Krasny Lyman district
(Zakatne village, Kryva Luka village, Illichivka village), Shakhtarsk district (Tarany village, Petrovske
village, Uspenivka hamlet), and Batiuk city in Donetsk oblast as well as in Perevalsk and Krasnodon
districts of Luhansk oblast. At the same time, the information provided does not allow for
identifying a location and an exact number of damaged houses, therefore it was not included in the
total result. The information is presented in a separate line in Table 2 below for reference.
Summarized findings of the damage assessment are provided in the Table 2 below (page 6 and 7).
Data collection methodology and limitations
3
Due to rapidly changing situation, and various limitations (e.g. lack of access) data presented in this
report are preliminary, and can serve as a starting point in recovery planning. To ensure efficient
data collection, as well as because of movement restrictions in targeted oblasts, local study
coordinators were appointed to gather and verify information presented in the report. Data
collection process was further complicated by evacuation of most partners to other oblasts of
Ukraine as well as by on-going hostilities. The data collectors used , where available, official
information from authorities and data provided by volunteers and partners. The study
implementation involved more than 50 persons, including representatives of non-governmental
organizations (Kreminna Business Association, Severodonetsk Agency for Development of
Communities), Luhansk Oblast State Administration, Donetsk Chamber of Trade and Industries, and
RFSE, as well as a network of Centres of Social Services for Family, Children and Youth of Donetsk
oblast, acquaintances and relatives of all those engaged in the study process. For some reasons, the
study had to rely, first and foremost, upon assistance from local residents. In particular, in some
settlements their civilian administration (local state administrations or local governments) worked
under control of self-proclaimed Lulghansk People Republic and Donetsk People Republic militia
and was not accessible. In such cases, photographing infrastructure facilities would risk safety of
people engaged into assessment.
It should be noted that data presented in this paper cannot be fully comprehensive due to on-going
conflict, lack of access to certain territories. Moreover, the assessment determines damages visible
to public activists and citizens (thus omitting infrastructural ‘invisible’ damages like pipeline,
electrical grids, heating system damages etc.). The report provides only a preliminary analysis of
monetary losses because financial estimates are subject to a proper evaluation by engineers, and
correct assessment is possible only when construction works are started (assessment needs to
consider also the risks of Ukrainian currency volatility and changing prices). The calculations given in
this report were verified in consultations with construction companies (Standartenerho LLC, Kaskad
SD LLC as well as ASR’s other partners), on the basis of their experience of performing similar works
with account of average rates for description of damages and parameters by study coordinators on
the ground, and using various facilities’ photos. Worth noting, that assessments performed by
different entities might differ from those provided in this report.
Overall, 16 administrative territories affected by the conflict were monitored in Luhansk oblast
(Shchastia city is formally part of Luhansk city), and 17 were monitored in Donetsk oblast (Ilovaisk
and Zugres cities formally belong to Khartsyzsk city).
It should be noted that some territories turned out to be inaccessible for experts because of ongoing hostilities (e.g. Luhansk international airport, Metallist settlement in Luhansk oblast, Ilovaisk
city in Donetsk oblast) or due to presence of aggressively disposed conflict participants (e.g.
Luhansk and Donetsk cities). Despite this fact, work was carried out to find contact persons in such
territories and an attempt was made to gather information by phone. However, no detailed
information was collected that way.
At present, it is hard to estimate the loss, which was caused to Donbas’s economy by shutting down
of enterprises or by curtailment of production. For some territories, such data are absent, which is
explained, inter alia, by enterprise management’s unwillingness to disclose information about their
internal problems. Therefore, information about the conflict’s impact upon enterprises is presented
based on available data do not reflect a complete picture. Moreover, it turned to be impossible to
evaluate the loss caused in some cases because of specificity of the facilities damaged (e.g. coating
at Avanhard stadium in Luhansk or a burned temple in Horlivka).
4
It should be noted that the anti-terrorist operation was on-going during data collection period
(ceasefire was announced on a latest stage of data collection), and authorities keep collecting
information about the damaged facilities.
The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations,
including UNDP, or their Member States.
The full table of damages (in Russian) is available at:
https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B8vp3D7TTFKAc2dnOXRLcWZUVlE&usp=sharing.
5
Table 2. Damages per location and per categories (public infrastructure and residential housing)
Damage
to
bridges,
UAH
thous.
230.0
50000.0
4190.0
261578.0
241
181
469
699
34826.3
53116.1
8
50
284
328
24100.0
21
295
10786.0
4
33
Damage to
other social
facilities,
UAH thous.
Number of
enterprises
affected
Damage to
roads, UAH
thous.
(public
infrastructure
facilities +
residential
houses +
affected
enterprises)
Loss, UAH thous.
2
Amount of loss
caused to public
infrastructure
facilities – total,
UAH thous.
TOTAL
FACILITIES
AFFECTED
Number of
families affected
Bridges
1
Including:
Other social
facilities
Roads
Territory
Number of
facilities
Including:
RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
Number of
residential houses
damaged
PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE DAMAGES
IMPACT
ON
ENTERPRIS
ES
LUHANSK OBLAST
LYSYCHANSK CITY
LUHANSK CITY
35
97
PERVOMAISK CITY
8
RUBIZHNE CITY
32
97
54420.0
261578.0
8
24100.0
10
1
9
1334.5
1000.0
334.5
30
30
143.5
15
55
SEVERODONETSK CITY
2
1
1
400.0
100.0
300.0
7
22
3060.0
3
12
BILOKURAKYNE DISTRICT
4
KRASNODON DISTRICT
4
4
7300.0
2
209802.0
5
8
810.0
10314.7
3
3
53.6
9
57
3726.0
8
8
1964.0
1964.0
MILOVE DISTRICT
1
1
25.0
25.0
POPASNA DISTRICT
9
SVERDLOVSK CITY AND DISTRICT
1
41700.0
1
30000.0
30000.0
SLOVYANOSERBSK DISTRICT
5
5
2920.0
2920.0
14
33
6694.0
STANYTSIA LUHANSKA DISTRICT
9
7
19415.0
10415.0
72
146
120219.0
SHCHASTIA CITY
TOTAL – LUHANSK OBLAST
15
2
174850.2
0
238
9000.0
168650.2
572.0
12
183
859417.4
415684.2
70
73
1246.8
1
89720.0
22
80
1
19
2
6200.0
83
17
0.0
43
5
11
1
17
800.0
11
20
20000.0
1372.0
2
2
1
8
STAROBILSK DISTRICT
1
61700.0
2620.0
7300.0
LUTUHINE DISTRICT
10
196867.3
4
17
11
2
4
8236.7
KREMINNA DISTRICT
NOVOAIDAR DISTRICT
13
8236.7
354013.2
14
9
314.4
14
667
1844
234995.7
90
995
7
94
2303.0
1
8
DONETSK OBLAST
ADVIIVKA
0
0.0
6
ARTEMIVSK
12
1
1
10
6286.5
1300.0
2000.0
2986.5
25
1648
3307.0
2
39
HORLIVKA
16
1
5
10
30340.0
250.0
20300.0
9790.0
14
2
13028.0
6
36
6
6
2651.0
2651.0
11
58
3472.0
48
48
3362590.3
3362590.3
168
1367
54198.2
DEBALTSEVE
DONETSK
DRUZHKIVKA
0
KRAMATORSK
28
0.0
6
22
82819.0
68529.1
14289.9
243
515
25369.0
17
50
266
2
2
5
276
KIROVSKE
0
0.0
1
1
KOSTIANTYNIVKA
0
0.0
3
3
MAKIIVKA
1
1
45.0
45.0
2
19
650.0
1
4
SNIZHNE
4
4
4400.0
4800.0
9
186
23170.0
1
14
TOREZ
4
4
1455.0
1455.0
KHARTSYZSK
2
2
26.0
26.0
18
175
9044.0
ILOVAISK
7
7
2481.0
2481.0
17
151
19351.0
ZUGRES
1
AMVROSIIVKA DISTRICT
3
KRASNYI LYMAN DISTRICT
1
12
1
10000.0
3
870.0
11
21410.0
4
5000.0
870.0
6
6
776.0
16410.0
13
136
2876.0
2
27
4
52
3820.0
1
5
NOVOAZOVSK DISTRICT
4
1
3
10970.0
10000.0
970.0
1
1
25.0
SLOVYANSK DISTRICT
27
25
2
158071.6
20000.0
138071.6
18
357
14376.0
SHAKHTARSK DISTRICT
3
3
8700.0
8700.0
7
7
3048.0
YASYNUVATE DISTRICT
1
52
TOTAL – DONETSK OBLAST
231
RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE
190
GRAND TOTAL (Donetsk and
Luhansk oblasts)
RESIDENTIAL SECTOR,
UNCONFIRMED INFORMATION
0.0
659
2
45
41
53
10000.0
9
5
12
71800.0
188
3784915.321
1550
190
900000.0
333600.0
561
5544332.7
750834.2
1
71800.0
145829.1
3637936.2
52
563
4774
178813.2
88
566400.0
235549.1
57
10
10000.0
52
25
1
0
1
1
10000.0
MARYINKA DISTRICT
ENERGY FACILITIES (belonging to
several territories)
20
4558349.4
783
190
1230
6618
413808.9
н/д
1873
530342.0
178
1968
7