Electronic Supplementary Material
AN ASSESSMENT OF SHALLOW AND MESOPHOTIC REEF BRACHYURAN CRAB
ASSEMBLAGES ON THE SOUTH SHORE OF OʻAHU, HAWAIʻI
KKC Hurley, MA Timmers, LS Godwin, JM Copus, DJ Skillings, RJ Toonen
Table S1 Number of brachyuran crabs at different depths, ARMS units pooled among sites at
each depth.
Depth Number of
ARMS
units
12 m
9
30 m
6
60 m
6
90 m
6
Total
number of
crabs
380
100
98
85
Mean
SD
SE
Observed
morphospecies
Unique
morphospecies
42
25
24
21
27
4
5
6
42.22 11.35 3.78
16.67 8.45 3.45
16.33 6.15 2.51
14.17 6.64 2.71
Table S2 Number of brachyuran crabs at different depths, ARMS units pooled among sites at
each depth, but with the most common brachyuran (Chlorodiella spp.) excluded from the
analyses.
Depth
Number of
ARMS units
12 m
30 m
60 m
90 m
9
6
6
6
Total
number of
crabs
154
74
75
77
Mean
SD
SE
17.11
12.33
12.50
12.83
6.66
6.02
5.28
7.35
2.22
2.45
2.15
3.00
Table S3. List of taxa identified in autonomous reef monitoring structures (ARMS) deployed at 12, 30,
60, and 90 m. All bold text is family names, unless otherwise indicated. Total counts by family are within
parenthesis. *Morphospecies names are included.
Acidopsidae (3)
Acidopsidae sp2010*
Parapilumnus sp2049*
Aphanodactylidae (1)
Aphanodactylus sp502*
Catoptridae (17)
Catoptrus inequalis (Rathbun, 1906)
Domeciidae (7)
Domeciidae sp1*
Domecia glabra Alcock, 1899
Dynomenidae (29)
Dynomene hispida (Latreille, in Milbert, 1812)
Epialtidae (40)
Hyastenus sp1*
Perinia tumida Dana, 1851
Leucosiidae (6)
Heteronucia sp1*
Nucia sp1*
Majidae (1)
Schizophroida sp2011*
Palicidae (8)
Exopalicus maculatus (Edmondson, 1930)
Parthenopidae (3)
Daldorfia horrida (Linnaeus, 1758)
Percnidae (8)
Percnon abbreviatum (Dana, 1851)
Pilumnidae (58)
Pilumnus acutifrons Rathbun, 1906
Pilumnus nuttingi Rathbun, 1906
Pilumnus oahuensis Edmondson, 1931
Pilumnus sp259*
Pilumnus sp364*
Pilumnidae sp2018*
Pilumnus taeniola Rathbun 1906
Portunidae (46)
Carupa tenuipes Dana, 1852
Laleonectes nipponensis (Sakai, 1938)
Thalamita coeruleipes Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846
Thalamita admete (Herbst, 1803)
Thalamita bevisi (Stebbing, 1921)
Thalamita seurati Nobili, 1906
Thalamita sp124*
Thalamita sp308*
Thalamita sp2042*
Thalamita sp3026*
Thalamita sp3011*
Thalamitoides quadridens A. Milne-Edwards, 1869
Trapeziidae (4)
Trapezia flavopunctata Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842
Trapezia intermedia Miers, 1886
Xanthidae (417)
Chlorodiella sp12*
Epiactaea nodulosa (White, 1848)
Garthiella aberrans (Rathbun, 1906)
Juxtaxanthias intonsus (Randall, 1840)
Liocarpilodes integerrimus (Dana, 1852)
Liocarpilodes sp1071*
Liomera bella (Dana, 1852)
Liomera medipacifica (Edmondson, 1951)
Liomera tristis (Dana, 1852)
Lophozozymus dodone (Herbst, 1801)
Lophozozymus sp439*
Lybia edmondsoni Takeda & Miyake, 1970
Medaeus ornatus Dana, 1852
Olenothus sp551*
Paractaea rufopunctata (H. Milne Edwards, 1834)
Paramedaeus simplex (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873)
Pilodius areolatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834)
Pilodius flavus Rathbun, 1894
Platypodia semigranosa (Heller, 1861)
Platypodia sp1*
Platypodia sp3014*
Pseudoliomera sp1068*
Pseudoliomera variolosa (Borradaile, 1902)
Tweedieia laysani (Rathbun, 1906)
Xanthias canaliculatus Rathbun, 1906
Xanthias latifrons (de Man, 1887)
Xanthidae sp1*
Xanthidae sp1027*
Superfamily Majoidea (14)
Majoidea sp261*
Majoidea sp1032*
Majoidea sp2051*
Majoidea sp3027*
Majoidea sp3084*
Table S4 Permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and permutational analysis of dispersion
(PERMDISP) p-values, obtained using 9999 permutations, for pairwise brachyuran crab assemblage
comparisons between depths of 12, 30, 60, and 90 m. Resemblance matrices are based on the Jaccard
index.
PERMANOVA
PERMDISP
Depth (m)
comparisons
P-value
Unique
permutations
P-value
12, 30
0.0003
4300
0.4484
12, 60
0.0003
4342
0.6933
12, 90
0.0002
4291
0.5687
30, 60
0.0017
462
0.7163
30, 90
0.0022
462
0.915
60, 90
0.0023
461
0.8227
Table S5 Permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and permutational analysis of dispersion
(PERMDISP) p-values for pairwise comparison of brachyuran crab assemblages between 12, 30, 60, and
90 m. To balance uneven sampling design, three of nine ARMS units were randomly removed from 12 m
set before tests (all other depths had 6 ARMS units).
PERMANOVA
PERMDISP
Depth (m)
comparisons
P-value
Unique
permutations
P-value
12, 30
0.002
460
0.4328
12, 60
0.024
461
0.1856
12, 90
0.0021
462
0.6033
30, 60
0.0016
462
0.7171
30, 90
0.002
462
0.8913
60, 90
0.0028
462
0.6355
Fig. S1 Abundance of crabs in individual ARMS units at each depth in this study.
Fig. S2 Mean number of brachyuran crabs (± SE) in the five most common families recovered
from each ARMS unit by depth. Note the significant decrease in abundance of crabs
(particularly Xanthidae) from shallow to mesophotic depths.
Fig. S3 Box and whisker plot of the number of brachyuran crabs recovered by family pooled
across all ARMS units in this study. Dark lines represent the median. The boundaries of the
boxes are the first and third quartile of the data. Whiskers represent the maximum and minimum
value at each depth and circles represent outliers.
Fig. S4 Box and whisker plot of the number of brachyuran crabs recovered from each ARMS
unit by depth (12, 30, 60 or 90 m). The dark line is the median number of individuals per ARMS
unit, the box contains the middle two quartiles, whiskers represent the maximum and minimum
numbers of individuals recorded from any ARMS unit at that depth and circles represent outliers.
Fig. S5 Box and whisker plot of the number of brachyuran crabs recovered from each ARMS
unit at four depths (12, 30, 60 or 90 m) excluding Chlorodiella spp. The dark line is the median
number of individuals per ARMS unit, whiskers represent the maximum and minimum numbers
of individuals recorded from any ARMS unit at that depth and circles represent outliers.
Fig. S6 Mean number of brachyuran crabs (± SE) in the five most common families recovered
from each ARMS unit by depth, but with Chlorodiella spp. excluded. There is a general
decrease in abundance of crabs from shallow to mesophotic depths in other families is retained,
but is reversed in the Xanthidae.
Fig. S7 Box and whisker plot of the number of brachyuran crabs (excluding Chlorodiella spp.)
recovered by family pooled across all ARS units in this study. Dark lines represent the median.
The boundaries of the boxes are the first and third quartile of the data. Whiskers represent the
maximum and minimum value at each depth and circles represent outliers.
Fig. S8 Canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) ordination of brachyuran crab
assemblages (excluding Chlorodiella spp.) in autonomous reef monitoring structures (ARMS) at
at 12 m (green crosses), 30 m (orange triangles), 60 m (blue squares) and 90 m (red diamonds). This
figure supplements Fig. 4 that includes all brachyuran species. Resemblance matrix based on Bray–
Curtis similarity; Spearman rank restricted to ρ = 0.8
Figure S9 Vector overlays of Spearman rank correlations of individual crab species on canonical
analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) ordination of brachyuran crab assemblages for 24
autonomous reef monitoring structures (ARMS) at 12, 30, 60, and 90 m (resemblance matrix
based on Bray-Curtis similarity; Spearman rank restricted to ρ = 0.8). Three ARMS were
randomly selected to be removed from 12 m to account for the uneven sampling design (6 units
at 30, 60, and 90 m).
Figure S10 Rarefaction curves with 95% confidence intervals for crab assemblages from (a) 12
m, (b) 30 m, (c) 60 m, and (d) 90 m. For 12 m, the number of ARMS used as reference is 9
units. For all other depths, reference sample = 6.