Examples of cell structure and function Introductory Biology lecture exam questions that
provided the performance data shown in Figure 1
1. Match each organelle with its definition. Each definition will be used only once.
_____ Lysosomes
A. Organelles containing enzymes responsible for aerobic
cellular respiration and ATP synthesis
_____ Ribosomes
B. Chlorophyll-containing organelles found in
photosynthetic eukaryotic cells
_____ Chloroplast
C. This portion of the endoplasmic reticulum has
ribosomes attached to its surface and synthesizes
proteins
_____ Plasma membrane
D. Small sacs of digestive enzymes dispersed in the
cytoplasm of most animal cells
_____ Rough endoplasmic
reticulum
E. Selectively permeable structure that encloses cell
contents; all materials entering or leaving a cell must
pass through this structure
_____ Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
F. Protein-synthesizing organelles found free in the
cytoplasm or attached to certain membranes
_____ Mitochondria
G. Portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that synthesizes
lipids and carbohydrates
_____ Golgi complex/ apparatus
H. Organelle composed of stacks of flattened membranous
sacs that processes, sorts, and modifies proteins
transported to it by vesicles
2. Muscle cells, which must use large amounts of energy very quickly to do work, contain
more_____ than most other cells in the human body.
a. lysosomes
b. chloroplasts
c. vacuoles
d. mitochondria
3. It is advantageous for cells to be small because:
a. Smaller cells don’t have excess, useless organelles.
b. Smaller cells occupy less space.
c. Smaller cells have smaller volumes relative to their surface areas, which increases
efficient transport.
d. Smaller cells are more resistant to physical changes than larger cells.
4. Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, with specific reference to:
a.
Size
b.
Location of DNA
c.
Presence of internal membrane-bound organelles
d.
Ribosome characteristics
5. Describe the structure and function of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells. Which
cellular components comprise this system?