1
Supplementary text 1.
2
This supplementary text provides detailed comments on the patterns of amplification
3
and recombination otherwised summarized in Tables S2 and S3.
4
In B. latastii (LL), two microsatellites did not amplify (NA) and four were
5
monomorphic (M); out of the 23 polymorphic markers, 21 could be assigned to seven
6
linkage groups, comprising respectively four (LG1, LG2, LG4), three (LG6) or two
7
markers (LG3, LG5, LG7). Recombination rates per linkage group were significantly
8
lower in males (average 0.10, range 0.01 - 0.24) than in females (average 0.40, range
9
0.22 - 0.50; Wilcoxon test, W = 501, P < 0.001; Table S3). Accordingly, map lengths
10
ranged 1.0 - 44.1 cM in males and 23.9 - 191.8 cM in females (Fig. S1). Six microsatellite
11
markers did not meet Hardy-Weinberg expectations (BaC123, BaD5, BlB3, BlB7, BlD113,
12
BlD114).
13
In B. turanensis (TT), three markers did not amplify and seven were
14
monomorphic; out of the 19 polymorphic ones, 12 could be assigned to four linkage
15
groups, comprising respectively five (LG1), three (LG2) and two markers (LG3, LG7).
16
Average recombination rates were significantly lower in males (grand mean 0.02, range
17
0 - 0.04) than in females (grand mean 0.34, range 0.19 - 0.42; Wilcoxon test, W = 144, P <
18
0.001; Table 3). Accordingly, map lengths were shorter in males (range 0 - 11.2 cM) than
19
in females (range 20.1 - 211.3 cM; Fig. S1). All markers met Hardy-Weinberg
20
expectations.
21
22
In B. shaartusiensis (SS), four markers did not amplify and five were
23
monomorphic; out of the 20 polymorphic markers, ten could be assigned to three
24
linkage groups, comprising respectively five (LG1), three (LG2) and two loci (LG3).
25
Average recombination rates were significantly lower in males (grand mean 0.05, range
26
0.04 - 0.05) than in females (grand mean 0.46, range 0.40 - 0.49; Wilcoxon test, W = 189,
27
P < 0.001; Table S3). Accordingly, map lengths were shorter in males (range 4.7 - 9.6 cM)
28
than in females (range 87.0 - 174.2 cM; Figure 1). Four markers differed significantly
29
from Hardy-Weinber equilibrium (BaC115, BaC123, BlD103, BlD11).
30
31
In B. baturae (BmBpBp), 17 markers amplified on both the Bm and Bp sets, nine
32
only on the Bp sets, and three only on the Bm set. Linkage groups differed between
33
families, which clustered into two groups. In group 1 (four families: B1, B2, B3, B5; Table
34
1), all 26 markers on Bp were polymorphic, 22 of which could be assigned to six linkage
35
groups, comprising respectively six (LG1), five (LG2), four (LG3), three (LG4) and two
36
markers (LG5 and LG6). Recombination rate per linkage group differed significantly
37
between sexes with an average of 0.06 in males (range 0.02 - 0.09) and 0.38 in females
38
(range 0.29 - 0.48; Wilcoxon test, W = 419, P < 0.001; Table S3), with corresponding map
39
lengths 6.8 - 25.3 cM in males and 40.2 - 265.7 cM in females. In group 2 (two families:
40
B4, B6), 18 loci only were polymorphic, and could be assigned to five linkage groups
41
made of six (LG2), four (LG6), three (LG1, LG4) and two markers (LG3). Average
42
recombination rate per linkage group was significantly lower in males (grand mean:
43
0.09, range 0.03 - 0.17) than in females (grand mean: 0.42, range 0.32 - 0.50; Wilcoxon
44
test, W = 188, P < 0.001; Table S3). Corresponding map lengths ranged 3.5 - 44.6 cM in
45
males and 100 - 209 cM in females. Within the paternal Bp subgenome, four
46
microsatellites markers did not meet Hardy-Weinberg expectations (BaC224, BaD11,
47
BaD124, BlD115).
48
49
In B. pewzowi (PmPmPpPp), four markers (BaC111, BaC212 BaD5, BlD114) could
50
not be assigned to either the Pp or the Pm set, in addition to the few ones that did not
51
amplify or were monomorphic. Out of the 18 polymorphic markers assigned to the Pp
52
genome, 14 could be grouped into five linkage groups comprising four (LG1, LG2) or two
53
markers (LG3, LG4, LG5), while four markers remained unlinked. Recombination rates
54
per linkage group were significantly lower in males (average 0.05, range 0.02 - 0.06)
55
than in females (average 0.40, range 0.23 - 0.50; Wilcoxon test, W = 108, P < 0.001; Table
56
S3), with shorter map lengths (range 2 - 8.5 cM in males versus 41.6 - 126.9 cM in
57
females). Out of the 16 polymorphic markers assigned to the Pm genome, 15 could be
58
grouped into five linkage groups comprising four (LG1, LG2), three (LG4) and two
59
markers (LG4 and LG7), and one remained unlinked. Average recombination rates per
60
linkage groups was significantly lower in males (0.16, range 0.04 - 0.36) than in females
61
(0.36, range 0.21 - 0.50; Wilcoxon test, W = 171, P < 0.001; Table S3), with
62
corresponding map lengths 7.3 - 45.8 cM in males and 23.3 - 207.3 cM in females. Six
63
markers within maternal Pm subgenome (BaC224, BlB3, BlD102, BlD115, BlD2, BlD214)
64
and 13 microsatellite markers within paternal Pp subgenome (BaC101, BaC105, BaC111,
65
Ba C115, BaC223, BaC224, BaD11, BaD124, BlB7, BlD103, BlD114, BlD118, BlD201)
66
deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.