Cell Test Review 2
1. Understand the function of chlorophyll and the chloroplasts in a plant cell.
Chlorophyll is the pigment that makes plants green, and is the catalyst for photosynthesis. It is
contained in a plant cell organelle called the chloroplast.
2. Know what each of the 4 cell guys did.
Hooke – came up with the idea of cells from studying cork. 1st know user of the word “cell.”
Schleiden – observed that plants were made of cells
Schwann – observed that animals were made of cells
Virchow – figured out that cells come from other cells; that is, the reproduce by dividing
3. Understand the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells/organisms, AND give
specific examples of each.
Eukaryotic cells – have a defined nucleus with a membrane, as well as other organelles with
membranes. Examples: plants & animals, algae, plankton
Prokaryotic cells – no defined nucleus, no defined organelles with membranes. Example:
bacteria
4. Know the 3 components of Cell Theory.
1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all organisms.
3. All cells come from cells that already exist.
5. Know the 5 levels of organization/complexity, from cells through organisms.
NEXT UNIT – sorry – should have left this off.
6. Fully understand the function of the following organelles: Cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus,
Endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, cytoplasm, mitochondria, vacuole, chloroplast
Cell membrane – outer boundary of cell, lets certain materials in & out
Cell wall – rigid outer structure that supports & protects the plant cell
Nucleus – directs all the activities of the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - is a folded membrane that moves materials around in the cell.
Ribosomes - receive directions from the nucleus on how to make specific proteins
cytoplasm - the gel-like material inside the cell membrane that contains a large amount of
water and many chemicals and structures that carry out the life processes in the cell
mitochondria - organelles where food molecules are broken down and energy is released
vacuole - storage areas in cells (food, water, waste)
chloroplast - only in plant cells - where light energy is changed into chemical energy in the form
of a sugar called glucose
Golgi bodies - packaging and secreting organelles of the cell
lysosomes - contain chemicals that digest wastes and worn-out cell parts
7. Recognize the shapes of those same organelles on a drawing.
See your drawings
8. Know the 3 main differences between plant and animal cells.
1. Plant cells have cells walls; animal cells do not
2. Plant cells have large vacuoles for storing water; animal cells have small ones for
storing all kinds of things.
3. Plant cells have chloroplasts; animal cells do not.
OTHER: 4. Animal cells all have lysosomes, which digest animal protein. Most plants
Do not, except for the Venus Flytrap and one or two others.
5. Animal cells tend to be rounded; plant cells are more rectangular
9. Understand the connection between chromatin, chromosomes, DNA, and the nucleus.
Chromatin is strands of DNA (genetic material) in its early stages, before maturing into a fullgrown chromosome. A chromosome is a mature strand of DNA that is ready to give
instructions for building an organism.
10. Explain why muscle cells and cardiac muscle (heart) cells would have a large number of
mitochondria.
Since mitochondria are the “powerhouse” of the cells; that is, they produce energy for the cell,
you might ask, “where is the most energy used in the human body?” The answer would be in
the muscles, especially the heart muscle; therefore, it would make sense that muscle cells have
large number of mitochondria. Some, in fact, have hundreds if not thousands.