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Supporting online material
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Table S1: Articles found after a bibliographic search conducted using ISI-Web of Knowledge
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database using the following search terms: cushion plant OR nurse plant AND facilitat* AND
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alpine. This search was then refined by selecting publications that evaluated either effects of
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facilitation on diversity or species richness.
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Authors
Alliende & Hoffmann, 1985
Cavieres et al., 1998
Pyšek P., 1991
Nuñez et al., 1999
Cavieres et al., 2002
Badano et al., 2002
Arroyo et al., 2003
Klanderud and Totland, 2004
Totland et al., 2004
Badano and Cavieres, 2006
Badano and Cavieres, 2006b
Cavieres et al., 2006
Badano et al., 2007
le Roux and McGeoch, 2008
Antonsson et al., 2009
Badano and Marquet, 2009
Cavieres and Badano, 2009
Cushion species
Laretia acaulis
Laretia acaulis
Sibbaldia tetranda
Mulinum leptacanthum,
Oreopolus glacialis
Bolax gummifera
Oreopolus glacialis
Azorella monantha
Dryas octopetala
Salix lapponum
Pycnophyllum bryoides,
Azorella madreporica,
Adesmia subterranea,
Azorella monantha,
Laretia acaulis,
Mulinum leptacanthum,
Oreopolus glacialis,
Discaria nana
Azorella madreporica,
Adesmia subterranea,
Azorella monantha
Laretia acaulis
Azorella monantha
Azorella selago
Silene acaulis
Azorella madreporica
Pycnophyllum bryoides,
Adesmia subterranea,
Spatial level
assessed
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Community level
Community level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Community level
Quiroz et al., 2009
Sklenář P., 2009
Yang et al., 2010
Catorci et al., 2011
de Bello et al., 2011
Michalet et al., 2011
Anthelme et al., 2012
Cranston et al., 2012
Lortie and Reid, 2012
Reid and Lortie, 2012
Dvorský et al., 2013
Schöb et al., 2013a
Schöb et al., 2013b
Catorci et al., 2014
Cavieres et al., 2014
Pugnaire et al., 2014
Ridenour et al., 2014
Chen et al., 2015
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Azorella madreporica,
Laretia acaulis,
Oreopolus glacialis,
Discaria nana,
Mulinum leptacapthum,
Azorella monantha,
Bolax gummifera
Azorella madreporica
Azorella corymbosa,
Eudema nubigena,
Hypochaeris sp.,
Xenophyllum humile,
Arenaria dicranoides
Arenaria polytrichoides
Calamagrotis antoniana,
Festuca orthophylla,
Parastrephia phylicaeformis,
Pycnophyllum molle
Thylacospermum caespitosum
Geum rossii
Azorella aretioides
Silene acaulis
Silene acaulis
Silene acaulis
Thylacospermum caespitosum
Arenaria tetraquetra
Arenaria tetraquetra
Pycnophyllum molle,
Pycnophyllum weberbaueri
64 cushion species (See appendix
S3 of the original article)
Androsace tapete
Laretia acaulis
Potentilla articulata,
Arenaria polytrichoides
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
Community level
Patch level
Patch level
Patch level
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References for those articles not cited in the main text's references.
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Alliende, M.C. & Hoffmann, A.J. (1985) Plants intruding Laretia acaulis (Umbelliferae), a high
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Andean cushion plant. Vegetatio, 60, 151-156.
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Badano, E.I. & Cavieres, L.A. (2006b) Impacts of ecosystem engineers on community attributes:
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effects of cushion plants at different elevations of theChilean Andes. Diversity and distribution, 12,
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388-396.
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Badano, E.I., Villarroel, E., Bustamante, R.O., Marquet, P.A. & Cavieres L.A. (2007) Ecosystem
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engineering facilitates invasions by exotic plants in high-Andean ecosystems. Journal of Ecology,
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95, 682-688.
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Badano, E.I. & Marquet, P.A. (2009) Biogenic habitat creation affects biomass-diversity
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relationships in plant communities. Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 11,
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191-201.
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Catorci, A., Cesaretti, S., Velasquez, J.L. & Zeballos, H. (2011) Plant-plant spatial interactions in
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the dry Puna (southern Peruvian Andes). Alpine Botany, 121, 113-121.
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Catorci, A., Piermarteri, K. & Tardella F.M. (2014) Distribution of the nurse species
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Pycnophyllum molle J.Remy and P. weberbaueri Muschl. in the Andean dry puna (Arequipa
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district - Southern Peru): role of topographic-soil variability and disturbance regime. Polish
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Journal of Ecology, 62, 385-390.
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Chen, J., Yang, Y., Stöcklin, J., Cavieres, L.A., Peng, D., Li, Z. & Sun, H. (2015) Soil nutrient
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availability determines the facilitative effects of cushion plants on other plant species at high
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elevations in the south-eastern Himalayas. Plant Ecology and Diversity, 8, 199-210.
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Klanderud, K. & Totland, O. (2014) Habitat dependent nurse effects of the dwarf-shrub Dryas
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octopetala on alpine and artic plant community structure. Ecoscience, 11, 410-420.
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Lortie, C.J. & Reid, A.M. (2012) Reciprocal gender effects of a keystone alpine plant species on
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other plants, pollinators, and arthropods. Botany, 90, 273-282.
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Quiroz, C., Badano, E.I. & Cavieres, L.A. (2009) Floristic changes in alpine plant communities
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induced by the cushion plant Azorella madreporica (Apiaceae) in the Andes of central Chile.
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Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 82, 171-184.
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Schöb, C., Armas, C. & Pugnaire, I. (2013b) Direct and indirect interactions co-determine species
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composition in nurse plant systems. Oikos, 122, 1371-1379.
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Reid, A.M. & Lortie, C.J. (2012) Cushion plants are foundation species with positive effects
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extending to higher trophic levels. Ecosphere, 3, 1-18.