Name ________________________________________ Date ________ Bk _____ #__
Study Guide for Change Over Time and Adaptations- Chapter 12
-In the table below identify who said what. (Darwin, Lamarck or both)
Concept / Idea
Darwin, Lamarck or Both
There is variation within a species
Darwin
Organisms can only pass on traits they are
born with
The environment had something to do with
why organisms changed
Parents can pass on changes made in their
lifetime to their offspring
Organisms change because they want to
survive.
Organisms cannot become extinct.
Darwin
Parents can pass on at least some of their
traits to their offspring.
Certain traits helped organisms survive
better than organism without those traits.
Species are still changing today.
Both
Natural Selection
Darwin
Acquired Characteristics
Lamarck
Species have changed over time.
Both
Both
Lamarck
Lamarck
Lamarck
Darwin
Both
Define the vocabulary words from Chapter 12 section 1 in the textbook.
1. Species- a group of organisms that share similar characteristics &
can reproduce among themselves to produce fertile offspring
2. Evolution- change in inherited characteristics over time
3. Natural Selection- organisms with traits best suited to their
environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
Name ________________________________________ Date ________ Bk _____ #__
4. Variation- inherited trait that makes an individual different from other
members of its species
5. Adaptation- any variation that makes an organism better suited to its
environment
6. Gradualism- describes evolution as a slow process by which one
species changes into a new species through a continuing series of
mutations and variations over time
7. Punctuated Equilibrium- describes the rapid evolution that
occurs when a mutation of a few genes results in a species
suddenly changing into a new species
On reason giraffes have long necks is so that they can reach the
food high in the tree top canopy. Explain how the giraffes got
their long necks according to Darwin and then how would Lamarck explain
their long necks.
Darwin’s Explanation
There is variation in the giraffe
population so some giraffes have
longer necks and some have shorter
necks. The individuals better suited
to reach the food with their longer
necks are more likely to survive &
reproduce than the giraffes with the
shorter necks.
Lamarck’s Explanation
The giraffes that could not reach the
high tops of trees would simply
stretch their necks to reach the food.
They would pass on their newly
developed stretched neck to their
babies.
(This theory is UNTRUE!)
“SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST”
Look back at the packet of notes on adaptations and list and provide an
example of the 4 factors that drive natural selection. (Think back to the
turtles)
Name ________________________________________ Date ________ Bk _____ #__
Factor of Natural Selection
Overproduction
Competition
Variation
Selection
Example
A mature oak tree drops hundreds of acorns
and only a few will develop into an adult tree
Bighorn rams fight each other for mating
rights
The peppered moths can exist in a variety of
colors, from light to dark and in between
The forest changed to a darker color from
the soot, which was better for the darker
moths. The environment “SELECTED” the
darker moths to survive because they were
better adapted!